Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-07-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:03:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fortes_e_dr_rcla.pdf: 3795155 bytes, checksum: 325b5a6aa2479f67ec71e4954cc2fa16 (MD5) / O rio Ivinhema constitui um importante afluente da margem direita do rio Paraná e drena uma série de terraços, superfícies geomorfológicas e feições associadas, a despeito de as baixas declividades sugerirem, numa análise preliminar, um relevo monótono e homogêneo. A presente tese teve como propósito maior o estudo das feições do relevo na área do baixo curso do rio Ivinhema, buscando compreender a sua evolução, no contexto de suas estruturas, de suas morfologias e de seus depósitos sedimentares. Os estudos, realizados na escala 1:60.000, permitiram a identificação de terraços, planícies, leques aluviais e superfícies erosivas. O Terraço Alto (TRA) corresponde à superfície mais elevada e antiga da área de trabalho; o Terraço Médio (TRM), identificado pela grande quantidade de depressões e lagos, que emprestam uma característica peculiar a essa superfície, pois representam um nível rebaixado por processos tectoerosivos do Terraço Alto. O Terraço Baixo (TRB) apresenta uma série de paleocanais posicionados em até 10m de altura em relação ao canal atual do rio Ivinhema, denotando atividade tectônica holocênica. A Planície do Rio Ivinhema divide-se em alta (PRIa) e baixa (PRIb), e corresponde a uma superfície plana, cuja largura aumenta para montante; freqüentemente ela pode ser inundada pelas águas do rio Ivinhema, à exceção do trecho próximo ao Terraço Baixo que se encontra soerguido. A planície do rio Paraná representa igualmente uma área plana, freqüentemente inundada pelas águas do rio homônimo, e apresenta, em seu interior, paleoilhas, cuja coalescência teria sido responsável pela formação da referida planície. Os Leques Aluviais Alto (LEA) e Baixo (LEB) constituem cones de dejeção, cuja diferenciação é de caráter topográfico e temporal...

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar relações existentes entre a gestão da dívida pública e a condução das políticas monetária e fiscal, bem como examinar os efeitos da composição da dívida na trajetória de endividamento para o caso da economia brasileira. Com este foco, foi construído um modelo macro-estrutural que estabelece relações entre o processo de evolução da relação dívida/produto e a trajetória de variáveis macroeconômicas. Foram realizadas simulações utilizando a técnica de Monte Carlo para observar o impacto das trajetórias do hiato do produto e das taxas de câmbio, juros e inflação na evolução da relação dívida/produto em diferentes contextos de atuação das autoridades monetária e fiscal. No modelo estrutural a trajetória da dívida é função da participação dos instrumentos de financiamento na composição da dívida pública. Os instrumentos utilizados são: (i) títulos indexados à taxa Selic; (ii) títulos indexados a índices de preços; (iii) títulos prefixados; e (iv) títulos indexados à taxa de câmbio. O modelo permitiu captar que, quando a sensibilidade da inflação a mudanças na taxa de juros é pequena, os apertos monetários necessários ao cumprimento da meta produzem maior elevação na relação D/Y. Essa elevação se torna ainda mais acentuada quanto maior for a sensibilidade do produto a mudanças na taxa de juros. Os resultados permitem, ainda, analisar os trade-offs entre custo e risco oferecidos pelos instrumentos de financiamento em diferentes posturas das autoridades fiscal e monetária. / The aim of the present work consists in analyzing connections that exist between the management of public debt and the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as examining the effects of debt composition on the trajectory of the Brazilian Debt/GDP ratio. We propose a macro-structural model for the Brazilian economy to derive relations regarding debt management and the macroeconomic variables. Using Monte Carlo simulations we observed how inflation, GDP, interest rate and exchange rate alter their trajectories when we have changes in the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies. The impacts of these changes on Debt/GDP ratio depend on the debt composition. The funding instruments analyzed are: (i) Selic indexed bonds; (ii) inflation linked bonds; (iii) fixed-rate bonds; and (iv) dollar indexed bonds. The model captured that, the lower the sensibility of inflation associated with changes on interest rates, the higher the impacts on Debt/GDP consequences of a tightening in monetary policy The results allows to observe the tradeoffs between the risk and the cost associated with debt instruments for different scenarios of fiscal and monetary policies.

A structural model of students' appraisals about their own learning strategies and the effects of these strategies on their school scores is presented. Self-reports of 229 new first-year-students of a public university were analized using a structural equations method. Participants responded to a learning-style questionnaire, and their final first semester course scores were also recorded. The measurement model confirmed the existence of acquisition, memory resources managing, and information processing strategies, very much alike those proposed by Castañeda (1995). Since the model explained only the 7% of the school achievement, the modeling of the dependent latent variable, conformed by a set of observed variables, is stressed and debated. / Se presenta un modelo estructural de las valoraciones de 229 estudiantes acerca de sus estrategias de aprendizaje y el efecto en sus calificaciones escolares. Se realizó un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales que utilizó las respuestas a un inventario de estilos de aprendizaje y las calificaciones escolares del primer semestre. El modelo confirmó la presencia de estrategias de adquisición, de administración de recursos de memoria y de procesamiento de información, similar a lo propuesto por Castañeda (1995). Dado que el modelo explicó sólo 7% del aprovechamiento escolar, se discute la necesidad de modelar la variable dependiente como una variable latente conformada por un conjunto de indicadores que den cuenta cabal del logro escolar

The aim of this study was to test a multifactor structure for in-line-evaluation of motivation on specific tasks in u ni versity students. Results showed that the initial motivation explained 12% of the variance of total punctuation of the methodology test and test execution explained 17% of the ending motivation. Therefore, in-line-evaluation model allows instructional prescription to students needs in order to facilitate their leaming and academic success. / El objetivo del trabajo fue someter a prueba una estructura multifactorial de la evaluación en línea de la motivación sobre la realización de una tarea académica específica en estudiantes de licenciatura. Los resultados indican que la motivación con la que inician la tarea explica el 12% de la varianza de la puntuación total obtenida en la prueba de metodología y ésta a su vez, explica el 17% de la varianza del nivel de motivación posterior a la ejecución. El modelo de evaluación en línea desarrollado permitirá la prescripción instruccional a la medida de las necesidades del alumno con el propósito de facilitar el aprendizaje y favorecer el éxito académico.

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar relações existentes entre a gestão da dívida pública e a condução das políticas monetária e fiscal, bem como examinar os efeitos da composição da dívida na trajetória de endividamento para o caso da economia brasileira. Com este foco, foi construído um modelo macro-estrutural que estabelece relações entre o processo de evolução da relação dívida/produto e a trajetória de variáveis macroeconômicas. Foram realizadas simulações utilizando a técnica de Monte Carlo para observar o impacto das trajetórias do hiato do produto e das taxas de câmbio, juros e inflação na evolução da relação dívida/produto em diferentes contextos de atuação das autoridades monetária e fiscal. No modelo estrutural a trajetória da dívida é função da participação dos instrumentos de financiamento na composição da dívida pública. Os instrumentos utilizados são: (i) títulos indexados à taxa Selic; (ii) títulos indexados a índices de preços; (iii) títulos prefixados; e (iv) títulos indexados à taxa de câmbio. O modelo permitiu captar que, quando a sensibilidade da inflação a mudanças na taxa de juros é pequena, os apertos monetários necessários ao cumprimento da meta produzem maior elevação na relação D/Y. Essa elevação se torna ainda mais acentuada quanto maior for a sensibilidade do produto a mudanças na taxa de juros. Os resultados permitem, ainda, analisar os trade-offs entre custo e risco oferecidos pelos instrumentos de financiamento em diferentes posturas das autoridades fiscal e monetária. / The aim of the present work consists in analyzing connections that exist between the management of public debt and the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies, as well as examining the effects of debt composition on the trajectory of the Brazilian Debt/GDP ratio. We propose a macro-structural model for the Brazilian economy to derive relations regarding debt management and the macroeconomic variables. Using Monte Carlo simulations we observed how inflation, GDP, interest rate and exchange rate alter their trajectories when we have changes in the conduct of fiscal and monetary policies. The impacts of these changes on Debt/GDP ratio depend on the debt composition. The funding instruments analyzed are: (i) Selic indexed bonds; (ii) inflation linked bonds; (iii) fixed-rate bonds; and (iv) dollar indexed bonds. The model captured that, the lower the sensibility of inflation associated with changes on interest rates, the higher the impacts on Debt/GDP consequences of a tightening in monetary policy The results allows to observe the tradeoffs between the risk and the cost associated with debt instruments for different scenarios of fiscal and monetary policies.

The hypothalamus is a subcortical brain region whose limits and constituent nuclei lack consensus. The hypothalamus has been linked to emotion and different states of stress, providing critical feedback about the internal environment to the prefrontal cortex, a region known for executive function within the cortex of humans. An understanding of the developmental origin of the hypothalamus can provide a basis for defining which limits and nuclei are ontologically hypothalamic, and which are not, as well as a framework for understanding its connectional relationship with other brain regions. The Prosomeric Model (Rubenstein et al. 1994; Puelles and Rubenstein 2003; Nieuwenhuys and Puelles 2016; Puelles 2018) explains the embryological development of the central nervous system (CNS) shared by all vertebrates as a Bauplan. As a primary event, the early neural plate is patterned by intersecting longitudinal plates and transverse segments, forming a mosaic of progenitor units. The hypothalamus is specified by three prosomeres [hp1, hp2, and the acroterminal domain (At)] of the secondary prosencephalon with corresponding alar and basal plate parts, which develop apart from the diencephalon. Mounting evidence suggests that progenitor units within alar plate and basal plate parts of hp1 and hp2 give rise to distinct hypothalamic nuclei, which preserve their relative invariant positioning (topology) in the adult brain. Nonetheless, the principles of the Prosomeric Model have not been applied to the hypothalamus of adult primates. The Structural Model (Barbas 1986; Barbas and Rempel-Clower 1997) highlights the variation of laminar structure in the grey matter of the prefrontal cortex as a basis for predicting specific cortico-cortical connections. The areas of the prefrontal cortex vary along a spectrum by number of layers, laminar definition, and cellularity of those layers. The systematic laminar patterns of different areas of the prefrontal cortex seem to be associated with differential rates of development or maturation. A topographical analysis of bidirectional projections between the prefrontal cortex and the hypothalamus was previously applied using the Structural Model (Rempel-Clower and Barbas 1998). The authors found the prefrontal cortex has highly specific projections to the hypothalamus, originating mostly from limbic orbital and medial prefrontal areas, which have lower laminar definition than other prefrontal areas. In addition, the hypothalamus has relatively specific patterns of projection to the prefrontal cortex. We previously lacked an organizing principle to examine the specific pattern of connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex in adult rhesus monkey. In the present study, hypothalamic nuclei in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) were parcellated using classic architectonic boundaries and stains. The topological relations of hypothalamic nuclei and adjacent hypothalamic landmarks were then analyzed with homology across rodent and primate species to trace the origin of adult hypothalamic nuclei to the alar or basal plate components of hp1 and hp2. A novel atlas of the hypothalamus of the adult rhesus monkey was generated with developmental ontologies for each hypothalamic nucleus. This atlas was then applied to a topological analysis of the strength and pattern of connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex in the adult rhesus monkey. The result is a systematic reinterpretation of the adult hypothalamus of the rhesus monkey whose prosomeric ontology was used to study connections and neuraxial pathways linking the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex. The convergence of the Prosomeric and Structural Models provides a framework through development to explain the structural patterns found in the adult primate cortex and hypothalamus, and the likely consequences of their disruption.

This empirical register study intends to estimate average causal effects of relapse treatment on the risk for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients with Diffuse B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) within the potential outcome framework. The report includes a brief introduction to causal inference and survival anal- ysis and mentions specific causal parameters of interest that will be estimated. A cohort of 2887 Swedish DLBCL patients between 2007 and 2014 were included in the study where 560 patients suffered a relapse. The relapse treatment is hypothesised to be cardiotoxic and induces an increased risk of heart diseases. The identifiability assumptions need to hold to estimate average causal effects and are assessed in this report. The patient cohort is weighted using inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights and potential marginal survival curves are estimated from marginal structural Cox models. The resulting point estimate indicates a protective causal effect of relapse treatment on AMI but estimated bootstrap confidence intervals suggest no significant effect on the 5% significance level.

This dissertation presents a unique approach to human behavior analysis based on expert guidance and intervention through interactive construction and modification of behavior models. Our focus is to introduce the research area of behavior analysis, the challenges faced by this field, current approaches available, and present a new analysis approach: Interactive Relevance Search and Modeling (IRSM). More intelligent ways of conducting data analysis have been explored in recent years. Ma- chine learning and data mining systems that utilize pattern classification and discovery in non-textual data promise to bring new generations of powerful "crawlers" for knowledge discovery, e.g., face detection and crowd surveillance. Many aspects of data can be captured by such systems, e.g., temporal information, extractable visual information - color, contrast, shape, etc. However, these captured aspects may not uncover all salient information in the data or provide adequate models/patterns of phenomena of interest. This is a challenging problem for social scientists who are trying to identify high-level, conceptual patterns of human behavior from observational data (e.g., media streams). The presented research addresses how social scientists may derive patterns of human behavior captured in media streams. Currently, media streams are being segmented into sequences of events describing the actions captured in the streams, such as the interactions among humans. This segmentation creates a challenging data space to search characterized by non- numerical, temporal, descriptive data, e.g., Person A walks up to Person B at time T. This dissertation will present an approach that allows one to interactively search, identify, and discover temporal behavior patterns within such a data space. Therefore, this research addresses supporting exploration and discovery in behavior analysis through a formalized method of assisted exploration. The model evolution presented sup- ports the refining of the observer\'s behavior models into representations of their understanding. The benefit of the new approach is shown through experimentation on its identification accuracy and working with fellow researchers to verify the approach\'s legitimacy in analysis of their data. / Ph. D.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21678号 / 医博第4484号 / 新制||医||1036(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 柳田 素子, 教授 福原 俊一, 教授 今中 雄一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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