Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa’s past has shaped the way Human Resource management should look to the future. South Africa has a history of racial discrimination that was lead by the Apartheid system. The effects of the past have left members of the previously disadvantaged group with underdeveloped job competency potential. This has subsequently led to adverse impact in valid, fair (in the Cleary sense of the term) strict-top-down selection. The fundamental cause of Black under-representation in higher level jobs is due to the legacy of the previous political dispensation. The root problem is that South Africa’s intellectual capital is not, and has not been, uniformly developed and distributed across races. The current situation must be dealt with not only as the situation could potentially become volatile, but also as it is simply the right thing to do. Those individuals from the previously disadvantaged group that have the potential to learn should be identified and subsequently developed. A need therefore exists in South Africa for a method to identify individuals who will gain maximum benefit from affirmative developmental opportunities, especially cognitively demanding development opportunities, and hence display a high potential to learn. A need in addition exist to arrange circumstances to optimise the prognosis that those identified with learning potential will successfully realise their potential. Learning performance is complexly determined. To successfully address the negative effects of the past in South Africa through affirmative development the determinants of learning performance need to be understood. Accelerated affirmative development will be effective to the extent to which a comprehensive understanding exists of the factors underlying learning performance and the manner in which they combine to determine learning performance. The primary objective of this study consequently was to expand on De Goede’s (2007) learning potential structural model. Non-cognitive factors were added to the De Goede (2007) learning potential structural model in order to gain a deeper understanding of the complexity underlying learning and the determinants of learning performance. A subset of the hypothesised learning potential structural model was then empirically evaluated. The initial reduced model failed to converge and was subsequently revised by deleting a single causal path from the model. The revised model was found to fit the data well. All paths contained in the final model were empirically corroborated. Suggestions for future research are made by indicating how the model can be further elaborated. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika se verlede het gestalte gegee aan die wyse waarop Menslike Hulpbronbestuur na die toekoms behoort te kyk. Suid-Afrika het ’n geskiedenis van rassediskriminasie wat deur die Apartheidstelsel aangevoer is. Die gevolge van die verlede het die lede van die voorheen agtergeblewe groep met onderontwikkelde werkbevoegdheidspotensiaal gelaat. Dit het vervolgens gelei tot nadelige impak in geldige, billike (in die Cleary-sin van die woord) streng bo-na-onder keuring. Die fundamentele oorsaak van swart onderverteenwoordiging in hoër-vlak posisies is tot ‘n groot mate te wyte aan die nalentskap van die vorige politieke bedeling. Die kernprobleem is dat Suid-Afrika se intellektuele kapitaal nie nou of voorheen eenvormig oor die rasse heen ontwikkel en versprei is nie. Die huidige situasie moet hanteer word, nie net omdat dit potensieel onbestendig mag word nie, maar ook bloot omdat dit die regte ding is om te doen. Dié individue uit ‘n voorheen agtergeblewe groep wat wel die vermoë het om te leer, behoort geïdentifiseer en vervolgens ontwikkel te word. Dus bestaan daar in Suid-Afrika ’n behoefte aan ’n metode om individue te identifiseer wat ’n hoë leerpotensiaal het en derhalwe die meeste voordeel sal trek uit geleenthede vir regstellende ontwikkeling, veral dié geleenthede van ’n veeleisende kognitiewe aard. Daar bestaan voorts ook ’n behoefte om omstandighede te reël om die prognose te optimaliseer dat diegene wat met leerpotensiaal geïdentifiseer is, hul potensiaal suksesvol sal kan verwesenlik. Leerprestasie word deur ‘n komplekse netwerk van veranderlikes bepaal. Om die negatiewe gevolge van die verlede in Suid-Afrika deur regstellende ontwikkeling aan te spreek, moet die determinante van leerprestasie verstaan word. Versnelde regstellende ontwikkeling sal doeltreffend wees in dié mate waartoe ’n omvattende begrip bestaan van die faktore onderliggend aan leerprestasie en die wyse waarop hulle kombineer om leerprestasie te bepaal. Die primêre doelwit van hierdie studie was gevolglik om de Goede (2007) se leerpotensiaal-strukturele model uit te brei. Nie-kognitiewe faktore is tot de Goede (2007) se model toegegevoeg om ’n meer indringende begrip van die kompleksiteit onderliggend aan leer en die determinante van leerprestasie te verkry. ’n Subversameling van die voorgestelde leerpotensiaal-strukturele model is vervolgens empiries geëvalueer. Die aanvanklike gereduseerde model het nie gekonvergeer nie en is vervolgens hersien deur ’n enkele kousale baan uit die model te verwyder. Die bevinding was dat die hersiene model die data goed pas. Alle bane in die finale model is empiries bevestig. Voorstelle vir toekomstige navorsing is gemaak deur aan te dui hoe die model verder uitgebrei kan word.

Orientador: José Cândido Stevaux / Banca: Mario Luis Assine / Banca: Norberto Morales / Banca: Edvard Elias de Souza Filho / Banca: Mario Lincoln de Carlos Etchebehere / Resumo: O rio Ivinhema constitui um importante afluente da margem direita do rio Paraná e drena uma série de terraços, superfícies geomorfológicas e feições associadas, a despeito de as baixas declividades sugerirem, numa análise preliminar, um relevo monótono e homogêneo. A presente tese teve como propósito maior o estudo das feições do relevo na área do baixo curso do rio Ivinhema, buscando compreender a sua evolução, no contexto de suas estruturas, de suas morfologias e de seus depósitos sedimentares. Os estudos, realizados na escala 1:60.000, permitiram a identificação de terraços, planícies, leques aluviais e superfícies erosivas. O Terraço Alto (TRA) corresponde à superfície mais elevada e antiga da área de trabalho; o Terraço Médio (TRM), identificado pela grande quantidade de depressões e lagos, que emprestam uma característica peculiar a essa superfície, pois representam um nível rebaixado por processos tectoerosivos do Terraço Alto. O Terraço Baixo (TRB) apresenta uma série de paleocanais posicionados em até 10m de altura em relação ao canal atual do rio Ivinhema, denotando atividade tectônica holocênica. A Planície do Rio Ivinhema divide-se em alta (PRIa) e baixa (PRIb), e corresponde a uma superfície plana, cuja largura aumenta para montante; freqüentemente ela pode ser inundada pelas águas do rio Ivinhema, à exceção do trecho próximo ao Terraço Baixo que se encontra soerguido. A planície do rio Paraná representa igualmente uma área plana, freqüentemente inundada pelas águas do rio homônimo, e apresenta, em seu interior, paleoilhas, cuja coalescência teria sido responsável pela formação da referida planície. Os Leques Aluviais Alto (LEA) e Baixo (LEB) constituem cones de dejeção, cuja diferenciação é de caráter topográfico e temporal...(Resumo completo clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / The Ivinhema river is an important tributary on the right side bank of Paraná river and it drains a series of terraces, geomorphologic surfaces and associate features, although low declivities suggest, in a preliminary analysis, a monotonous and homogeneous relief. This thesis aimed mainly at studying relief features in the area of low Ivinhema river course, trying to understand their evolution, in the context of their structures, morphology and sedimentary deposits. Studies carried out on a 1:60,000 scale, permitted the identification of terraces, plains, alluvial fans and erosive surfaces. The High Terrace corresponds to the highest and oldest working area; the Medium Terrace, identified by the great number of depressions and lakes that give it a peculiar characteristic as it represents a level lowered by tecto-erosive processes from High Terrace. The Low Terrace presents a series of paleocanals situated up to 10m above the current canal of Ivinhema river, showing holocene tectonic activity. The Ivinhema River Plain is divided into high (PRIA) and low (PRIB), and it corresponds to a flat surface whose width increases towards the river source; and it may be frequently flooded by the Ivinhema river waters, except for the part close to low terrace, which is slightly raised. The Paraná River Plain equally represents a flat area, often flooded by the Paraná river, and it presents, in its interior, paleoisles, and its coalescence would have been responsible for the plain origin. The High Alluvial Fan (LEA) and Low Alluvial Fan (LEB) constitute rejection cones, which differ in their topographical and temporal character. The Abutted Surface of Low Terrace (SEB) comprises a lowered zone between the medium and low Terraces, whose limits, approximately rectilinear, suggest a structural control. The Dissected Surface of Ivinhema River (SDI) corresponds...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / As mudanÃas climÃticas podem produzir consequÃncias em todas as esferas sociais e empresariais, mudando a forma como as empresas e governos se comportam e fazendo com que tomem medidas para mitigar os seus efeitos. Entretanto, alguns setores da economia poderÃo ser mais afetados do que outros, como à o caso do setor de energia, que sofre forte regulaÃÃo e caracteriza-se como um setor estratÃgico e com alta contribuiÃÃo para a questÃo da mudanÃa do clima. Nesse sentido, este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento e validaÃÃo de um modelo estrutural para avaliar os efeitos das mudanÃas climÃticas no setor de energia, atravÃs da anÃlise da relaÃÃo entre riscos, pressÃo dos stakeholders, respostas estratÃgicas e vantagem competitiva relacionados à temÃtica. O modelo proposto parte da anÃlise da teoria acerca dos efeitos e desafios das mudanÃas climÃticas em Ãmbito organizacional, e pretende avaliar se os riscos inerentes Ãs mudanÃas climÃticas e as pressÃes dos stakeholders impactam nas respostas estratÃgicas das empresas do setor de energia em relaÃÃo a esta questÃo, e se, por sua vez, estas respostas apresentam impacto positivo para a vantagem competitiva da empresa. O estudo à desenvolvido no setor de energia brasileiro por meio de survey exploratÃria aplicada com gestores do setor atravÃs de questionÃrio respondido via web. A anÃlise dos dados à realizada atravÃs de anÃlise fatorial e modelagem de equaÃÃes estruturais. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam a relaÃÃo existente entre os riscos, a pressÃo dos stakeholders, as respostas estratÃgicas e a vantagem competitiva no contexto das mudanÃas climÃticas nas empresas do setor de energia brasileiro. Os resultados contribuem para entender o comportamento das empresas de energia frente aos desafios ocasionados pelas mudanÃas climÃticas de forma a traÃar o cenÃrio das respostas estratÃgicas neste setor.

Un modèle de morphogenèse aérienne de graminées fourragères, nommé L grass, a été développé lors de travaux précédents. Le but de la thèse est de proposer une méthode d'insertion de la morphogenèse racinaire dans ce modèle afin de tenir compte de l'impact des ressources telluriques sur la structure et le fonctionnement de la plante.</br>Un simulateur de plante entière de ray-grass anglais (Lolium perenne L.) incorporant (i) des règles d'autorégulation de l'architecture aérienne, (ii) le développement architecturé du système racinaire, (iii) des processus de coordination entre les parties aérienne et racinaire et (iv) un système d'allocation du carbone a été développé. La nature autorégulée du modèle lui permet de reproduire les réponses à l'intensité d'une défoliation et à la compétition pour la lumière sans nécessiter de contrôle central. Le couplage du modèle avec un modèle de sol permet de simuler le développement de la plante subissant différents scénarios d'apport en eau sans nécessiter de consignes morphogénétiques données a priori.</br>La représentation architecturée du système racinaire présente quelques limites, principalement en termes de ressources informatiques, pour les simulations de peuplements. Afin de pallier ces limites, un modèle continu de dynamique de densités racinaires a aussi été incorporé pour simuler l'enracinement. Les comparaisons entre les deux modèles de système racinaire ont montré l'intérêt indéniable des modèles de densités racinaires notamment pour les études à l'échelle d'un couvert végétal. / A model of the shoot morphogenesis of forage grasses, called L-grass, was developed in previous studies. The aim of this thesis is to propose a method for introducing root morphogenesis in the current model so the effect of telluric resources availability can be taken into account for shaping plant form and functioning.</br>A simulator of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) whole plant, which includes (i) the rules of shoot architecture self-regulation,(ii) the architectural development of the root system, (iii) the coordination processes between shoot and root parts and (iv) a system of allocation of carbon, was developed. The self-adaptable character of the model allows the reproduction of the responses to the intensity of defoliation and the competition for sunlight without the need of any central control. The coupling of the model with a soil model enables to recreate the development of the plant undergoing different scenarios of water supply with no requirement of previously established morphogenetic guidelines.</br>The architectural representation of the root system presents some shortcomings, mainly regarding the need in computing power when simulating plant populations. In order to overcome these limitations, a continuous model of the dynamics of root densities has been also incorporated to simulate plant rooting. The comparison between both models of root systems has shown the undeniable interest of modeling root density, especially for the studies at the vegetation cover level.

Analysis of the secondary defensive mechanisms, considering psychoanalytic theories of a intrapsychic conflict, is the goal of this thesis. The thesis focuses on contemporary approaches and concepts to secondary defensive mechanisms with theoretical and observational point of view. Repression is considered to be the basis of the secondary defensive mechanisms. Afterwards the thesis focuses on work of Sigmund Freud with respect to his articulation of defense, repression and defensive mechanism in accordance with psychoanalytic theory of conflict, changing over time. Anna Freud and revision of structural model by Charles Brenner are also mentioned. The emphasis is put on conflicts of oedipal period with respect to research project. Afterwards the thesis focuses on attempts to experimentally demonstrate repression considering defects. The research project is the replication and relates to repression of incestuous story concerning grammar school students. Keywords defensive mechanisms, repression, defense, intrapsychic conflict, structural model, Oedipal complex

Les média relatent des cas de joueurs de MMORPG recrutés sur des postes à responsabilités au regard de leurs compétences managériales acquises en jouant. Les joueurs de MMORPG développent-ils réellement des compétences managériales en jouant, et si oui, dans quelles conditions ? Pour explorer ces questions de recherche, nous fondons nos travaux sur la Théorie de l'Apprentissage Social ainsi que sur la Théorie Sociale Cognitive, toutes deux issues des recherches d'Albert Bandura. La revue de la littérature ainsi qu'une étude qualitative exploratoire (13 joueurs et anciens joueurs de MMORPG) nous amènent à proposer un modèle structurel de l'apprentissage des compétences managériales des joueurs de MMORPG. Ce modèle est testé grâce à une étude quantitative menée auprès de 4.397 individus. Deux analyses ont été réalisées. Pour la première, à visée exploratoire, permettant d'épurer les instruments de mesure, 414 questionnaires ont été validés (sur 707 reçus). Pour la seconde, à visée confirmatoire, permettant de vérifier les hypothèses, 2.628 questionnaires ont été validés (sur 3.690 reçus). Après avoir dessiné le profil des joueurs de MMORPG, nous montrons qu'il existe des phénomènes d'apprentissage de compétences managériales perçues par les joueurs, développées puis mobilisées dans les MMORPG, selon certaines conditions liées à l'environnement du jeu ainsi qu'à l'état intérieur du joueur. Le modèle proposé est ainsi validé. Les conclusions de cette recherche offrent des perspectives pour les joueurs ainsi que les organisations dans divers domaines, tels que le recrutement ou la formation, en tirant profit du potentiel des MMORPG. Des études longitudinales mériteraient d'être menées pour explorer l'évolution de l'apprentissage des joueurs de MMORPG et confirmer nos résultats. / Media relate instances where MMORPG players are being recruited to responsibility positions, thanks to their managerial skills, acquired through playing. Do MMORPG players really develop such skills though playing, and if so, under what conditions? To explore these research questions, we're basing our works on the Social Learning Theory as well as the Social Cognitive Theory, both resulting from of Albert Bandura's researches. Literature reviewing as well as an exploratory qualitative study (13 players and older MMORPG players) led us to propose a managerial skill learning structural model of the MMORPG player. Two analyses were realized.The first one, in an exploratory aim, allowing to refine measuring tools, saw 414 questionnaires being validated (on 707 collected). The second one, with a confirmatory aim, allowing to verify hypothesis, saw 2 628 questionnaires being validated (on 3 690 collected). Once we've drawn the MMORPG player's profile, we're showing that there are managerial skill learning phenomena perceived by the players that are developed then mastered in MMORPG, under specific conditions linked to the game's environment, as well as the internal state of the player. The proposed model is thus validated.Conclusions of this research offer possibilities for players as well as organizations in various domains, such as recruitment or training, by benefiting MMORPG's potential. Longitudinal studies would deserve to be done in order to explore the MMORPG's player learning evolution, and confirm our results.

This thesis aimed to: (a) design a factorially valid survey to assess sub-themes relating to ‘involvement opportunities’ (IOs), which are an antecedent variable in the sport commitment model (Wilson et al., 2004); (b) examine the placement of enjoyment alongside IOs in the sport commitment model; (c) determine the pathways (i.e., direct and/or indirect) by which specific IOs sub-themes affect functional and obligatory commitment and if they differ in number, strength and direction of association (Choosakul et al., 2009); and (d) examine differences between recent initiates compared to those who have been more continuously involved (Chu & Wang, 2012) in Masters swimming. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of survey data from 725 swimmers (260 males, 465 females, M age = 50.5, range = 25-92), results confirmed a 10 factor solution of IOs sub-themes. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the number, direction, and strength of associations between specific IOs sub-themes and commitment vary depending on commitment type, as do the nature of direct and indirect pathways affecting commitment. Invariance testing showed recent initiates and continuously-involved swimmers to be invariant across measurement and structural models. Overall, results support the need to measure and assess IOs at the level of the sub-theme and to consider a bi-dimensional (Santi et al., 2014; Wilson et al., 2004) sport commitment model.

Contingent Convertibles (CoCos) are a new type of hybrid debt instrument characterized by forced equity conversion or write-down under a specified trigger event, usually indicating a state of near non-viability of the Additional Tier 1 capital category, giving them additional features such as possible coupon cancellation. In this thesis, the structure of CoCos is presented and different pricing approaches are introduced. A special focus is put on structural models with the Analytically Tractable First Passage Time(AT1P) Model and its extensions. Two models are applied on the write-down CoCo issued by Svenska Handelsbanken, starting with the equity derivative model and followed by the AT1P model. / Contingent Convertibles (Cocos) - villkorade konvertibla obligationer, är en ny typ av hybridinstrument som kännetecknas av konvertering till eget kapital eller nedskrivning av lånet vid en viss utlösande händelse, som vanligtvis indikerar ett tillstånd där den emitterande banken har behov av att absorbera förluster. Under strikta villkor kan dessa CoCo obligationer tillhöra primärkapital, där de kännetecknas av bland annat möjlig inställning av kuponger. I denna avhandling presenteras CoCons struktur och olika prissättningsmodeller läggs fram. Ett särskilt fokus läggs på strukturella modeller med “Analytically Tractable First Passage Time (AT1P) Model” och dess utvidgningar. Två modeller tillämpas på CoCon emitterad av Svenska Handelsbanken: “equity derivative” modellen och AT1P modellen.

This Master thesis is written in connection with the Stockholm Bypass project which is Trafikverkets and Sweden’s largest infrastructure project to date. It will consist of 21 km of motorway running west of Stockholm city linking the southern and the northern parts. Out of the total 21 km of motorway, 17 km will run through rock tunnels and cross beneath the Lake Mälaren at 3 places. One of these places is the water passage Fiskarfjärden, situated between Sätra and the island of Kunghatt which has been carefully studied with geological (drill core mapping, BIPS, Water-loss measurements and outcrop mapping) and geophysical (reflection and refraction seismic) methods. This has been used to produce an engineering geological prognosis over the area which indicates that the rock mass in the water passage is heavily fractured and of poor quality. Due to this, additional investigations of the structural framework and the large-scaled structures in the area have been undertaken. The objectives of this thesis are therefore to analyze and classify available geological data, identify and model the major fracture zones situated in the water passage, investigate the kinematics of the fractures focusing on the relative movement between the blocks, if possible, determine the stress orientation and, predict how these major fracture zones will affect the Stockholm Bypass rock tunnel. The available data provided a good opportunity to examine the area. The drill core mappings showed that the dominating fracture orientation in the water passage is WSW-ENE with deformation structures supporting faulting along these fractures. The additional outcrop mapping and drill core mapping which focused on finding kinematic indicators revealed that fractures in the area have been reactivated both as strike-slip and dip-slip faulting and that dextral strike-slip faulting is dominating in a WSW-ENE orientation and sinistral strike-slip faulting in a NW-SE orientation.The orientation of these two fault surfaces matches the main faults on the geological map and indicates that the area is composed of a conjugate fracture set with conjugate shearing whereas the combination of the dominating fracture orientations in the drill cores with the kinematic observations and fractures found in the field correlates with Riedel shear fractures in a dextral shearing configuration. The majority of the zones of crushed rock that cut the tunnel show a dominating WSW-ENE orientation. At this angle to the NW-SE oriented horizontal stress field, these fractures are more likely to experience closure since they are oriented approximately normal to the stress field. The zones of crushed rock that are either oriented E-W or NNE-SSW are more likely to reactivate as strike-slip faults. The very few fracture zones that are oriented NW-SE and correlate to fractures with sinistral shearing are likely to reactivate as dip-slip faults as they are oriented parallel to the present day extensional forces or as strike-slip faults if they are located at depth. / Denna Masteruppsats är skriven i samband med Förbifart Stockholm vilket är Trafikverkets och Sveriges största infrastruktur projekt. Projektet innefattar 21 km motorväg som går väst om Stockholm stad och länkar de södra och norra delarna av staden. 17 km av de totalt 21 km av motorväg kommer gå genom bergtunnlar och korsar under Mälaren vid 3 platser. Ett av dessa ställen är vattenpassagen Fiskarfjärden, belägen mellan Sätra och Kungshatt vilket har undersökts både med geologiska och geofysiska metoder. Underlaget från dessa metoder har sedan används för att ta fram en ingenjörs-geologisk prognos vilket syftar till att beskriva bergmassan i området, både var gäller strukturer och kvalitét. Baserat på denna prognos förväntas bergmassan främst i vattenpassagen vara kraftigt upp-sprucken och av generellt väldigt dålig kvalitét vilket är varför ytterligare undersökningar med fokus på det strukturgeologiska förhållandet och de storskaliga strukturerna i området har genomförts i detta arbete. Målen med detta arbete är därför att analysera och klassificera de tillgängliga geologiska data från tidigare undersökningar, identifiera och modellera the stora sprickzonerna som befinner sig under vattenpassagen, utföra kinematisk analys på sprickorna och fokusera på den relativa rörelsen mellan blocken, om möjligt fastställa orienteringen av bergspänningsfältet och utvärdera hur de stora sprick-zonerna kommer påverka Förbifart Stockholm tunneln. Från borrkärnekarteringen kunde det fastställas att den dominerande sprickorienteringen i vattenpassagen är VSV-ONO och att dessa utgörs av förkast-ningar. Från de kompletterande fältundersökningarna med focus på kinematiska indikatorer kunde det konstateras att sprickorna i området har reaktiverats både som strike-slip- och dip-slip-förkastningar där dextral skjuvning är dominerande i VSV-ONO orienterade sprickor och sinistral skjuvning, vilket är dominerande, i NV-SO orienterade sprickor. Orienteringen av dessa två förkastningsytor sammanfaller med huvudförkastningarna vilka visas på den geologiska kartan och indikerar att området består av konjugerande spricksystem där skjuvning skett. Dock sammanfaller de dominerande sprick-orienteringarna i borrkärnorna tillsammans med storskaliga sprickor från hällkarteringarna också med Riedel sprickor i en konfiguration med dextral skjuvning. Majoriteten av zonerna med krossat berg som korsar tunneln har en dominerande VSV-ONO-lig riktning. Med denna orientering i relation till den NV-SO-liga riktningen på det horisontala maximala bergspänningsfältet, är det inte troligt att dessa sprickor kommer reaktiveras. Zonerna som är orienterade E-W eller NNO-SSV är mer benägna att reaktiveras som strike-slip-förkastningar. De få zoner som är orienterade NV-SO och sammanfaller med sprickor med sinistral skjuvning kommer troligtvis reaktiveras som dip-slip-förkastningar eller som strike-slip-förkastningar om de är belägna på större djup.

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