Susidūrimų paieška - tai dviejų ar daugiau objektų susikirtimo radimas. Praktikoje susidūrimų paieška taikoma šiose srityse: kompiuteriniuose žaidimuose, netiesinėje baigtinių elementų analizėje, dalelių hidrodinamikoje, daugiafunkcinės dinamikos analizėje, įvairiose fizikos simuliacijose ir kt. Egzistuoja daugybė susidūrimų paieškos algoritmų, iš kurių populiariausi yra erdvinio skaidymo, hierarchinio struktūrizavimo ir atrinkimo bei rūšiavimo metodai. Šiame darbe yra tiriamas šių algoritmų veikimas ant CPU (Central processing unit) ir ant GPU (Graphics processing unit), analizuojami susidūrimų paieškos nustatymo būdai bei nagrinėjamos pasirinktų algoritmų veikimo spartinimo galimybės panaudojant CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) technologiją. Ši technologija yra Nvidia sukurta nauja duomenų apdorojimo architektūra išnaudojanti grafinio procesoriaus resursus bendro pobūdžio skaičiavimams. Darbe iškeltų tikslų pasiekimui yra realizuotos kelios bazinės algoritmų versijos, jų pritaikymo lygiagretiems skaičiavimams galimybės ir taip pat atliekami bazinių algoritmų laiko, reikalingo skaičiavimams atlikti, grafinio procesoriaus atminties sąnaudos bei įvairių veikimo laiką įtakojančių faktorių tyrimai. Darbo pabaigoje aptariami lygiagretaus programavimo privalumai pritaikant nagrinėjamai temai. Šiame darbe atlikti tyrimai parodė, jog perduodant skaičiavimus į GPU pasiekiamas 200 kartų didesnis nagrinėjamų algoritmų našumas negu atliekant skaičiavimus naudojant CPU. / Collision detection is a well-studied and active research field where the main problem is to determine if one or more objects collide with each other in 3D virtual space. Collision detection is an issue affecting many different fields of study, including computer animation, physical-based simulation, robotics, video games and haptic applications. There is a big variety of collision detection algorithms of witch spatial subdivision, octree and sort and sweep are three of them. In this document we provide a short summary of collision detection algorithms, but the main focus will be on analyzing and increasing their performance working on CPU (orig. Central processing unit) and GPU (orig. Graphics processing unit) separately by making use of CUDA (orig.Compute Unified Device Architecture) technology. This technology is a part of Nvidia, witch helps the use of graphics processor for general-purpose computation. Main goal of this research is achieved by performing analysis of implemented spatial subdivision, octree and sort and sweep algorithms. This analysis consists of both general performance, parallelization performance and various performance affecting factors analyses. At the end of the document, the advantages of parallel programming adapted to the present subject are discussed.

The population structure of a lichen, Thamnolia subuliformis and a moss, Dicranum elongatum, was examined in northeastern regions of Wapusk National Park. With the use of microsatellite molecular markers, it was reported that the sterile lichen had a level of variation similar to that of a sexually reproducing species. The variation reported for the moss, where sporophytes were not encountered, supported subdivided populations. It was concluded that these species have the genetic resources necessary to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

The population structure of a lichen, Thamnolia subuliformis and a moss, Dicranum elongatum, was examined in northeastern regions of Wapusk National Park. With the use of microsatellite molecular markers, it was reported that the sterile lichen had a level of variation similar to that of a sexually reproducing species. The variation reported for the moss, where sporophytes were not encountered, supported subdivided populations. It was concluded that these species have the genetic resources necessary to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala universitet, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-172).

Orientador: Tatsuko Sakima / Banca: Ary dos Santos Pinto / Banca: Darcy Flávio Nouer / Banca: Maria Beatriz Borges de Araújo Magnani / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Resumo: Esta pesquisa de natureza prospectiva foi realizada com base numa amostra não casualizada constituída de 23 indivíduos portadores de má oclusão Classe II, 1ª Divisão, Subdivisão na fase da dentadura mista. O propósito do estudo foi avaliar um novo procedimento para o tratamento precoce da Classe II Subdivisão com envolvimento mandibular, método proposto por Sakima 85 em 2003. A amostra foi dividida em: Grupo 1 - Portadores de má oclusão Classe II Subdivisão com mordida cruzada posterior unilateral (D) ou (E) e Grupo 2 - Portadores de má oclusão Classe II Subdivisão sem cruzamento. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico de interceptação para correção da subdivisão, sendo que o Grupo 1 teve procedimento prévio para descruzamento da mordida cruzada posterior unilateral (MCPU). A avaliação dos resultados foi realizada mediante tomada de radiografias extra-orais Submento-vertex, os cefalogramas foram traçados e os dados compilados para análise em computador. Os traçados cefalométricos obtidos das imagens radiográficas da Submento-vertex (SMV) foram digitalizados no programa Radiocef. Os dados analisados, submetidos à metodologia estatística e os resultados discutidos. O método estatístico empregado, além da utilização da média e desvio padrão, contou com o Teste "t" de Student, Teste F de Snedecor e probabilidade "p", utilizou-se também o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon, os dados estatísticos foram utilizados para avaliar os resultados do tratamento ortodôntico realizado. Após a discussão dos resultados, concluiu-se que: 1)Houve presença de rotação mandibular significante para ambos os grupos estudados quando relacionada maxila e mandíbula; 2) A evolução dos grupos estudados foi semelhante tanto clínica como cefalométrica; 3) Os movimentos dentários constatados melhoram o... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new approach to the early orthodontic treatment of Class II, division 1, subdivision, in the mixed dentition and determined the utility of approach. The sample consisted of 23 subjects divided in two groups (group 1 and group 2). The average was 9.3 years considered in both groups. Measurements were obtained with the use of Submento-vertex Cephalometric Radiographs. The Submento-vertex Radiographs symmetry was assessed by measuring the differences in the spatial positions of dental and Skeletal landmarks between right and left side, determined asymmetric (A) and normal (N) sides. The Angle's 2 Class II subdivision was evaluated in the mixed dentition. Statistic method was based on the skewness statistics, the distributions were normal, allowing means and standard deviations to be used to describe central tendencies and dispersion. We also used the Student t test, the Snedecor p test and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests were used to statistically comparation.The results showed lower jaw replacement and dento-alveolar displacement in order to correct this malocclusion. The conclusions about the present study were: 1) There was significant mandibular rotation from the asymmetric side to the symmetric side in the two groups when maxilar and mandibular relation was investigated; 2) The two groups evolution was clinical and cephalometrical similar; 3) The teeth movements provide evidence to better relation of the occlusion; 4) The midline line of the teeth has a clinically consistent to normalization and this can better investigated with other evaluation methods. / Doutor

Submitted by Pablo Queiroz (queirozpablom@gmail.com) on 2017-01-30T22:59:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Pablo Queiroz - Parceria Imobiliária (versão para depósito).pdf: 1025002 bytes, checksum: 81d99f42e1456e7c3be421c909edc4da (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Pablo, boa noite Será necessário alterar a formatação da capa e deixar ficha catalográfica na parte inferior da folha (mais abaixo). Após correções submeter o arquivo novamente. Poderá acessar o link abaixo para verificar as normas da ABNT. Lembramos que os trabalhos devem estar de acordo com as Normas da ABNT ou as Normas da APA: http://sistema.bibliotecas-sp.fgv.br/bkab_normalizacao on 2017-01-30T23:16:00Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pablo Queiroz (queirozpablom@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T01:04:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Pablo Queiroz - Parceria Imobiliária (versão para depósito).pdf: 982884 bytes, checksum: 26800bb4dcd147e1c728ce0d0d304de2 (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Pablo, boa tarde Somente o nome da Escola e Fundação: Precisam estar centralizados, com a mesma letra que o restante da capa, em caps lock: FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS ESCOLA DE DIREITO DE SÃO PAULO (outro detalhe que acabei não mencionando: o nome Getúlio não pode conter acentuação) Aguardo. on 2017-01-31T15:52:36Z (GMT) / Submitted by Pablo Queiroz (queirozpablom@gmail.com) on 2017-01-31T16:20:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Parceria Imobiliária_versão depósito.pdf: 677746 bytes, checksum: e4d860677a9360f69e4f6f7ee419ebd7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-01-31T16:21:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Parceria Imobiliária_versão depósito.pdf: 677746 bytes, checksum: e4d860677a9360f69e4f6f7ee419ebd7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T17:13:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TCC - Parceria Imobiliária_versão depósito.pdf: 677746 bytes, checksum: e4d860677a9360f69e4f6f7ee419ebd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-04 / The real estate market in Brazil, more specifically, the land subdivision sector, created a business model based on partnerships between landowners and developers to implement these real estate developments. Despite the pervasiveness of the business model, the real estate partnerships are yet to be subject of legal regulation. This work will elaborate and debate on the main features of the business model, especially the risk and liabilities allocation, the effects arising out of the authorities’ stance about the tax treatment of the parties to these agreements and the alternative structures employed by the market. At the end, it will point out the reasons why the real estate partnerships subsist in the land subdivision market and suggest certain improvements in the business model. / As parcerias imobiliárias constituem modelo negocial desenvolvido pelo mercado imobiliário, mais especificamente, o de loteamentos, por meio do qual proprietários de terrenos se associam a desenvolvedores imobiliários para a implementação desses empreendimentos. Apesar de largamente difundidas enquanto modelo negocial, as parcerias imobiliárias não foram, até hoje, objeto de tratamento legislativo. Este trabalho discutirá as principais características da modelagem negocial, especialmente a alocação de riscos e responsabilidades, os efeitos das decisões de autoridades fiscais sobre o tratamento das partes nesses contratos e as estruturas alternativas empregadas pelo mercado. Ao final, tentará apontar os motivos pelos quais a parceria imobiliária subsiste no mercado de loteamentos e sugerir aprimoramentos ao modelo.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-01-05T13:48:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7568963 bytes, checksum: 32ef4ce1b59e672b2d9e74ba34550000 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7568963 bytes, checksum: 32ef4ce1b59e672b2d9e74ba34550000 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-07 / This dissertation examines the formation and the physical growth of Bairro dos Estados, a neighborhood located at João Pessoa, the capital city of Paraíba State, in Brazil, which in the 1970s and 1980s was the most preferred residential area for the local middle and upper class families. It aims at two main objectives: (a) to explain how the lands of the neighborhood were subdivided in order to create the streets, blocks and lots which constitute it today; and (b) to show how the blocks and lots were gradually occupied by buildings. The study that generate it was based mainly on the analysis of varied images – aerial photos, other photos, plans of the city and projects of allotments – and the main method used in it was the comparative one. The situations portrayed by images concerning the years 1976, 1989, 1998 and 2008 were compared. These are some essential facts of the history revealed by the research: the neighborhood had its origin in a street layout approved in the 1920s; part of this layout started to be occupied by houses in the end of the following decade; in the late 1960s only some small stretches of the neighborhood were not yet subdivided into blocks and lots; after 1970 numerous middle and upper class families settled down in the neighborhood, giving it a privileged status; in the late 1980s the neighborhood was already a consolidated urban tissue, with good infrastructure and few vacant lots, but it started to be rivaled by some burgeoning coastal neighborhoods; in the two following decades it experienced a loss of prestige and a certain stagnation; latterly, it regained a certain prestige thanks to the replacement of many of its houses by apartment towers, shops and office buildings. Being the first study on the neighborhood with the approach adopted here, this work aims to give a contribution to the understanding of the physical growth of the capital of Paraiba during the last nine decades. / Esta dissertação tem por objeto a formação e a evolução física do Bairro dos Estados, situado em João Pessoa, capital da Paraíba, que nos anos 1970 e 1980 era o local de moradia preferido pelas famílias de classe média e alta da cidade. Ela persegue dois objetivos principais: (a) explicar como as terras do bairro foram sendo parceladas de modo a gerar as vias, quadras e lotes que o constituem hoje; e (b) mostrar como suas quadras e lotes foram sendo gradualmente ocupados por edificações. O estudo que a gerou baseou-se principalmente na análise de imagens variadas – fotografias aéreas, outras fotos, plantas da cidade e projetos de loteamentos –, e o principal método nele empregado foi o comparativo. Foram comparadas principalmente as situações retratadas por tais imagens nos anos de 1976, 1989, 1998 e 2008. Eis alguns fatos marcantes da história revelada pela dissertação: o bairro teve sua origem num plano de arruamento aprovado nos anos 1920; parte dele começa a ser ocupada com casas no fim da década seguinte; em fins da década de 1960 só alguns pequenos trechos do bairro não estavam ainda loteados; após 1970 numerosas famílias de renda média e alta se instalam no bairro, dando-lhe um status privilegiado; em fins dos anos 1980 o bairro já constitui um tecido urbano consolidado, com boa infraestrutura e poucos vazios, mas começa a sofrer a con-corrência dos bairros da orla marítima; nas duas décadas seguintes ele conhece uma perda de prestígio e uma certa estagnação; ultimamente ele readquire um certo prestígio devido à substituição de muitas de suas casas por altos prédios de apartamentos ou estabelecimentos comerciais e de serviços. Por ser o primeiro estudo do bairro com o enfoque aqui adotado, este trabalho propõe-se a dar uma contribuição para a com-preensão do crescimento urbano da capital paraibana durante as últimas nove décadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 8673408 bytes, checksum: f012cc37966487077ac8658b38163921 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation examines the process of urban occupation in Bessa, the largest coastal sector (almost 638 hectares) in the city of Joao Pessoa, since its beginning around 1950, until 2011. Previously, that sector was a rural area subdivided in farms, and is now an urban area, composed of three districts - Jardim Oceania, Aeroclube and Bessa - which concentrates over 3.700 buildings. To explain this occupation, the work shows how land was subdivided, by analyzing the eleven subdivisions that were created, and traces a history of the building occupation of the sector, in which some of its stages are examined in depth. The dissertation was based mainly on a survey conducted in the archives of Joao Pessoa city council and on the analysis of subdivision projects, maps of the city and bird-eye photographs. By study the case in question, this dissertation aims at making a significant contribution to the understanding of the urbanization process of coastal areas in Brazilian cities. / Esta dissertação analisa o processo de ocupação urbana do Bessa, o maior setor litorâneo (quase 638 hectares) do município de João Pessoa, desde seu início, por volta de 1950, até 2011. Antes disso o setor era uma área rural subdividida em sítios e fazendas, sendo hoje uma área urbana, composta de três bairros Jardim Oceania, Aeroclube e Bessa -, que concentra mais de 3.700 edificações. Para explicar tal ocupação, foi mostrado como se processou o parcelamento do solo para fins urbanos, através da análise de cada um dos onze loteamentos que o compuseram, e foi traçado um histórico do processo de ocupação edilícia do setor, onde se detalhou o estágio por ele atingido em épocas selecionadas. A pesquisa baseou-se principalmente num levantamento efetuado nos arquivos da PMJP (Prefeitura Municipal de João Pessoa) e na análise de projetos de loteamentos e de plantas da cidade e fotografias aéreas existentes. Com o estudo do caso em foco, esta dissertação se propõe a dar uma contribuição significativa à compreensão do fenômeno da urbanização de setores litorâneos das cidades brasileiras.

Shadows have captivated humanity since the dawn of time; with the current age being no exception – shadows are core to realism and ambience, be it to invoke a classic Baroque interplay of lights, darks and colours as the case in Rembrandt van Rijn’s Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq or to create a sense of mystery as found in film noir and expressionist cinematography. Shadows, in this traditional sense, are regions of blocked light – the combined effect of placing an object between a light source and surface. This dissertation focuses on real-time shadow generation as a subset of 3D computer graphics. Its main focus is the critical analysis of numerous real-time shadow rendering algorithms and the construction of an empirically derived system for the high-speed rendering of shadows. This critical analysis allows us to assess the relationship between shadow rendering quality and performance. It also allows for the isolation of key algorithmic weaknesses and possible bottleneck areas. Focusing on these bottleneck areas, we investigate several possibilities of improving the performance and quality of shadow rendering; both on a hardware and software level. Primary performance benefits are seen through effective culling, clipping, the use of hardware extensions and by managing the polygonal complexity and silhouette detection of shadow casting meshes. Additional performance gains are achieved by combining the depth-fail stencil shadow volume algorithm with dynamic spatial subdivision. Using this performance data gathered during the analysis of various shadow rendering algorithms, we are able to define a fuzzy logic-based expert system to control the real-time selection of shadow rendering algorithms based on environmental conditions. This system ensures the following: nearby shadows are always of high-quality, distant shadows are, under certain conditions, rendered at a lower quality and the frames per second rendering performance is always maximised. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Computer Science / unrestricted

The content of this thesis is to introduce with the issues taught in the course MGMP and create tutorials and 3D models in Blender for computer exercises of course MGMP. The first part is devoted to some similar courses taught at universities in the Czech Republic. Another parts are dealing with the method of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces, texture mapping issues, issues of curves and animation of objects with using curves. The last part is about shading 3D models and about various methods which have been developed and are in use to this day. The output of work are video tutorials and models for MGMP course, dealing with different parts of the thesis.