Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-05-19T00:00:00Z / Construção de um quadro de referências que caracterize o que são organizações coletivas, onde elas são encontradas e seu tipo de gestão. O foco específico reside nas organizações coletivas da sociedade civil, o que faz com que a compreensão da relação cooperação-provisão de bens públicos seja também abordada. Apresenta uma classificação possível das organizações coletivas e um modelo normativo para a profissionalização dessas entidades

This dissertation aims to identify and analyse the frequency distribution of mor- phological forms of nouns in contemporary Czech. The work is based on an error analysis of texts of non-native speakers revealing and describing frequent types of errors in noun inflection. Against the background of recent research in the field of second language acquisition on the one hand and the principles of communicative approaches to language teaching on the other hand nine textbooks of Czech as a foreign language are analysed for approaches to the introduction and presentation of grammatical cases, their functions and typical constructions. It is concluded that it is necessary to exemplify case functions by prototypical constructions and sufficient sample nouns for which these functions are typical. With regard to the often observed emphasis on the noun as a part of the inflectional paradigm and thus on the nominative singular as its basic form, it is eligible for textbooks and language classes to shift the focus from the dominant paradigmatic to the syntag- matic aspect of nouns and their word forms. One of the initial questions of these theses therefore is which forms of a noun are essential to the adequate (didactical- ly oriented) presentation of the noun and its use. A pilot study conducted on the data of...

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T12:44:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:18:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-05-09T12:18:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-09T12:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andrelazaroferreiraaugusto.pdf: 1688273 bytes, checksum: af3a162669195b1697feca7d038ed872 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se a recomendação de Kahan (2009), Sherwin (2011) e Silbey (2008) à alfabetização visual dos profissionais do Direito para a interpretação e a valoração da prova em vídeo é pertinente ao caso brasileiro. Para tanto, buscou-se analisar a argumentação do Promotor de Justiça, do Defensor Público, da Juíza-Auditora e do Ministro Relator do recurso de apelação em um processo criminal militar que tramitou na Auditoria de Juiz de Fora/MG. Tal análise teve como norte estudos de Silbey (2004) e referencial teórico da Linguística Textual, em especial Koch (1986, 2011, 2015) e Thompson e Hunston (2000). Inicialmente, realizou-se a revisão de literatura sobre o tema. Após, através do método do estudo de caso unitário e com suporte na análise qualitativa de dados, investigaram-se os recursos linguísticos argumentativos e o direcionamento da força argumentativa empregados. Assim, verificou-se o tratamento dispensado à prova em vídeo no que tange à sua admissão e valoração, influenciados pela natureza com que foi considerada (demonstrativa ou substantiva), a incidência da teoria da testemunha silenciosa na atividade interpretativa e a aptidão desses atores processuais em lidar com essa prova em formato audiovisual. Ao final, após a constatação da procedência da recomendação de Kahan, Sherwin e Silbey no âmbito pátrio, sugeriu-se a realização de novos estudos para auxiliar na atividade de interpretação do registro audiovisual. Tais estudos englobariam a análise da estrutura argumentativa presente na fala dos participantes, a investigação das marcas linguístico-discursivas existentes nessas falas e a transcrição multimodal da prova em vídeo de acordo com as convenções da Análise da Conversa Etnometodológica. / This paper aims to verify if the recommendation of Kahan (2009), Sherwin (2011) and Silbey (2008) to the visual literacy of law professionals for the interpretation and assessment of video evidence is pertinent to the Brazilian case. Hence, were analyzed the arguments of the Public Prosecutor, the Public Defender, the Military Judge and the Military Minister rapporteur for the appeal in a military criminal case that was processed in Juiz de Fora/MG’s court. This analysis was based on studies by Silbey (2004) and theoretical reference of Textual Linguistics, especially Koch (1986, 2011, 2015) and Thompson and Hunston (2000). Initially, the literature review on the subject was carried out. Afterwards, through the method of the unitary case study and with support in the qualitative analysis of data, were investigated the argumentative linguistic resources and the direction of the argumentative strength employed. Thus, it was verified the treatment of video evidence regarding admission and valuation, influenced by the nature with which it was considered (demonstrative or substantive), the incidence of the silent witness theory in the interpretive activity and the suitability of these procedural actors in dealing with this evidence in audiovisual format. In the end, after the verification of the recommendation of Kahan, Sherwin and Silbey at the country level, it was suggested to carry out new studies to assist in the audiovisual record interpretation activity. These studies could encompass the analysis of the argumentative structure present in the participants' speech, the investigation of the linguistic-discursive marks in these lines and the multimodal transcription of the video test according to the conventions of the Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis.

Det har blivit allt mer viktigt för företag att ta ansvar inom områdena miljö, ekonomi och samhälle. Företag använder sig av CSR-kommunikation för att visa vilka handlingar de vidtar för att uppfylla dessa förväntningar och erhålla legitimitet. Det förekommer dock att CSR-kommunikationen inte överensstämmer med verkligheten. Det skapas då ett gap mellan företagens symboliska och substantiva handlingar, vilket benämns som CSR-decoupling. Företag i USA kontra Västeuropa befinner sig på olika marknader när det kommer till företagskulturer. Denna studie syftar därför till att undersöka användandet av CSR-decoupling i USA och Västeuropa. Studien undersöker även verkställande direktörens makt och intressenternas krav för att se om dessa faktorer påverkar användandet av CSR-decoupling. Studien är en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie som bygger på data bestående av amerikanska börsnoterade företag och västeuropeiska börsnoterade företag. Hypoteserna besvaras utifrån tidigare forskning och resultatet från en regressionsanalys samt t-test. Resultatet från regressionsanalysen visar att användandet av CSR-decoupling är större i USA än i Västeuropa, medan t-testet visar det motsatta. Av studien kunde inget samband fastställas mellan verkställande direktörens makt och CSR-decoupling. Resultatet visade däremot ett positivt samband mellan intressenternas krav och CSR-decoupling, samt att västeuropeiska börsnoterade företag påverkas mer av intressenternas krav när det kommer till användandet av decouplingstrategier. / It has become increasingly important for companies to take responsibility in the areas of environment, economy and society. Companies use CSR-communication to show what actions they are taking to meet these expectations and gain legitimacy. However, it happens that CSR-communication does not correspond to reality. This creates a gap between the companies' symbolic and substantive actions, which is referred to as CSR-decoupling. Companies in the U.S versus Western Europe are in different markets when it comes to corporate cultures. This study therefore aims to research the use of CSR-decoupling in the United States and Western Europe. We also examine the CEO's power and stakeholder requirements to see if these factors affect the use of CSR-decoupling. The study is a quantitative cross-sectional study based on data consisting of U.S listed companies and Western European listed companies. The hypotheses are answered based on previous research and the results of a regression analysis and t-test. The results from the regression analysis show that the use of CSR-decoupling is greater in the U.S than in Western Europe, while the t-test show the opposite. From the study, no statistical relationship could be established between the CEO's power and CSR-decoupling. The result, on the other hand, showed a positive statistical relationship between stakeholder requirements and CSR-decoupling, and that Western European listed companies are more affected by stakeholder requirements when it comes to the use of decoupling strategies.

Omvärldens krav och påtryckningar för förändring kan vara en svår utmaning för företag. Företagen måste frekvent reagera på politiska signaler, kritik och ny information. I vissa fall när omvärldens krav strider mot företagens interna effektivitetsbehov kan företagen påstå att de anpassar sig, fastän de inte gör det. Detta för att tillfredsställa sin omgivning och vinna legitimitet, men i själva verket frikoppla sig från omvärldens struktur för att bibehålla sin interna effektivitet. I de fall som företag använder frikoppling så är det ofta ett avsiktligt beslut som fattats av företagsledningen. Vidare menar forskare att en mer könsdiversifierad styrelse kan påverka företagens styrning på ett betydande sätt. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva och analysera i vilken mån kvinnliga respektive manliga styrelseledamöter kan bidra till företags symboliska och substantiva handlingar. Frikoppling härstammar från institutionell teori som har legat som grund till vår studie. Studiens två beroende variabler, symboliska och substantiva handlingar, mättes med hjälp av upprättade policys och donationer. Studiens oberoende variabler, andelen kvinnor respektive andelen män i styrelsen, speglade hur stor andel av styrelsen som är kvinnor respektive män sett till det senaste räkenskapsåret. Studien tog även hänsyn till tre kontrollvariabler, företagens storlek, lönsamhet samt geografisk position. Vi använde en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Studiens urval baserades på 2185 av de största företagen i världen som arbetar med policys och/eller donationer. Resultatet visar att samtliga fyra hypoteser förkastas, trots två signifikanta samband mellan variablerna eftersom riktningarna visade sig vara andra än förväntat. Det ena signifikanta sambandet var att en högre andel kvinnor i styrelsen leder till färre substantiva handlingar. Det andra signifikanta sambandet var att en högre andel män i styrelsen leder till fler substantiva handlingar. Studien fann ingen signifikant koppling mellan styrelsens sammansättning och symboliska handlingar. / The external demands and pressures for change can create difficult challenges for companies. Companies must respond frequently to political signals, criticism, and new information. In some cases when the outside world demands are in conflict with the companies' internal efficiency needs, companies can claim that they adapt, even if they do not. This is not only to satisfy one's surroundings and gain legitimacy, but also disengage from the structure of the outside world in order to maintain its internal efficiency. When companies use decoupling, it is often a deliberate decision made by company management. Researchers also believe that a higher proportion of women on the board can have a significant impact on corporate governance. The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the extent to which female and male board members can contribute to companies' symbolic and substantive actions. Decoupling stems from institutional theory that has formed the basis of our study. The study's two dependent variables, symbolic and substantive actions, were measured with the help of established policies and donations. The study's independent variables, the proportion of women and the proportion of men on the board, reflected the proportion of women on the board who are women and men in the most recent financial year. The study also considered three control variables, the size of the companies, profitability and geographical position. We chose a quantitative method with a deductive approach. The study selection was based on 2185 of the largest companies in the world working with policies and / or donations. The results show that all four hypotheses are rejected, despite two significant relationships between the variables because these were in the opposite direction based on our hypotheses. One significant connection was that a higher proportion of women on the board leads to fewer substantive actions. The other significant connection was that a higher proportion of men on the board leads to more substantive actions. The study found no significant link between the composition of the board and symbolic actions.