Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-159).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:30:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vomero_pasz_me_botfca.pdf: 1443571 bytes, checksum: 5ec69ec8c36c661017edfbdefbcc0951 (MD5) / Cia Suzano de Papel e Celulose Ltda / Para manter a qualidade das mudas de eucalipto no plantio e garantir rápido desenvolvimento, é recomendada a imersão das mesmas em solução de fertilizantes nitrogenados e cupinicidas. A imersão algumas vezes é realizada com o substrato saturado com água, podendo então, haver redução da ação esperada. Portanto, este trabalho visou avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial em campo de dois clones de eucalipto imersos em solução de fertilizante e cupinicida com diferentes teores de umidade no substrato. Neste estudo foram utilizados dois clones híbridos de eucalipto (“urograndis”), codificados como VT 05 e VT 04, recomendados para região de Luiz Antonio, SP, onde o experimento foi instalado, e identificados no experimento como clone 1 e clone 2 respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi do tipo fatorial 2x2x3, com dois clones, duas situações de umidade para substrato (denominadas saturada e seco) e três situações de calda (sulfato de amônio com e sem cupinicida e testemunha), interagindo o fertilizante sulfato de amônio a 1 % e o cupinicida fipronil a 0,5 %, totalizando doze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Após o plantio foi mensurado o diâmetro de colo e altura de muda das 12 mudas centrais de cada parcela, realizando essas medições por 2 meses em intervalos de 15 dias. Posteriormente foi determinado as taxas de incremento para altura e diâmetro do colo para cada período, sendo, esses dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey com significância de 5%. Foram verificadas diferenças nas taxas de crescimento entre os dois clones estudados, independentemente dos tratamentos com umidade do substrato... / To maintain the sapling quality at planting and ensure fast development, it is recommended the sapling immersion in solution of nitrogen fertilizers and termiticides. The immersion is sometimes performed with the substrate saturated with water, thus, can occur reduction of expected action. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the initial development in the field of two eucalyptus clones immersed in solution of fertilizer and termiticide with different levels of moisture in the substrate. In this study, it was used two hybrid clones of eucalyptus (“urograndis ), codified as VT 05 and VT 04, recommended for the region of Luiz Antonio, SP, Brazil, where the experiment was carried out, and identified as clone 1 and clone 2, respectively. The experimental design was 2x2x3 factorial, with two clones, two situations of substrate moisture (wet and dry) and three different solution interacting fertilizer ammonium sulfate at 1% and termiticide fipronil at 0.5%, totaling twelve treatments and four replications. After planting was measured the saplings stem diameter and height of 12 central plants of each plot, with evaluations made during 2 months at intervals of 15 days. Using data from field samples was determined rates of increase for height and stem diameter for each period, and these data were submitted to ANOVA and means compared by Tukey test with a significance of 5%. There were differences in growth rates between the two clones, regardless of treatment with substrate moisture and termiticide. The presence of termiticide did not affect the rates of increase in height and diameter in two eucalyptus clones tested. The variation of moisture from the substrate -root seedlings set of Eucalyptus did not affect the rates of increase in height and diameter in two eucalyptus clones tested. There was better use of the product used during the immersion of seedlings when the substrate is less... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T18:29:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) bruna_avelar_oliveira.pdf: 2185430 bytes, checksum: cc196667efb3556fb7981d98e97ff23c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-15T18:46:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) bruna_avelar_oliveira.pdf: 2185430 bytes, checksum: cc196667efb3556fb7981d98e97ff23c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-15T18:46:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) bruna_avelar_oliveira.pdf: 2185430 bytes, checksum: cc196667efb3556fb7981d98e97ff23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Um dos principais fatores que favorece o desenvolvimento vegetal ? a caracter?stica dos substratos utilizados para a produ??o das mudas, considerando que o desenvolvimento produtivo das plantas est? intimamente ligado ? sua fase de desenvolvimento inicial. Considerando tais aspectos, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento fitot?cnico de plantas frut?feras e oler?colas, utilizando substratos desenvolvidos de res?duos de fibrilose oriundo de uma f?brica de papel e lodo de esgoto da Esta??o de tratamento de esgoto de Te?filo Otoni - MG. O res?duo de fibrilose foi coletado no p?tio de deposi??o de res?duo da f?brica de papel Santher, localizada em Governador Valadares - MG. O material coletado foi conduzido ao laborat?rio de ?gua e solos da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, localizado em Te?filo Otoni - MG. O material foi peneirado em peneira de malha de 5 mm para uniformiza??o de suas part?culas e mantido sob secagem ambiente durante uma semana. O lodo de esgoto tratado foi obtido da ETE de Te?filo Otoni, coletado no leito de secagem e conduzido ao laborat?rio sendo autoclavado e peneirado em peneiras de malha 5 mm para padroniza??o de suas part?culas. Em seguida, foi promovida a mistura do res?duo de fibrilose com o lodo de esgoto nas propor??es: T1 (4,5:5,5), T2 (5,5:4,5), T3 (6,5:3,5), T4 (7,5:2,5) e T5 (8,5:1,5) (fibrilose: lodo de esgoto) (Vol: Vol) em litros. Os materiais foram homogeneizados e mantidos em caixas de isopor durante 35 dias, visando ? estabiliza??o do composto. Os outros tratamentos utilizados foram: solo org?nico, composto org?nico Fertiliza ? e substrato Bioplant ?. Ap?s essa etapa foram utilizadas placas de isopor com c?lulas para produ??o de mudas. Ap?s o preenchimento das c?lulas foram semeadas sementes de Mam?o (Carica papaya), Maracuj? (Passiflora sp.), Berinjela (Solanum melongena), Piment?o (Capscium annuum) e Tomate (Licopersicum sp.). Foram utilizadas 36 c?lulas por parcela experimental e o experimento com cinco repeti??es. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualisado. Ap?s a germina??o foi avaliado o ?ndice de sobreviv?ncia das pl?ntulas. Em seguida, realizado um desbaste mantendo-se uma pl?ntula por c?lula durante 30 dias. Ap?s este per?odo as plantas foram coletadas e avaliados as seguintes vari?veis: comprimento por parte a?rea, comprimento da raiz, peso seco da raiz e parte a?rea. A an?lise estat?stica foi realizada utilizando o programa Estatjab da Unesp. As an?lises qu?micas dos substratos foram realizadas de acordo com o boletim de recomenda??o 3051 USEPA. Os resultados apontaram maior ?ndice de sobreviv?ncia do maracuj?, comparada com as demais esp?cies testadas e as an?lises qu?micas apontaram que os substratos produzidos de lodo de esgoto e fibrilose estavam de acordo aos padr?es da CONAMA 375/2006 e em concord?ncia com o MAPA, que disp?e sobre normas para o uso de substratos na agricultura. A eleva??o dos n?veis de mangan?s e pot?ssio provavelmente potencializaram a morte das pl?ntulas de berinjela e maracuj?, respectivamente. Em rela??o ao desenvolvimento das pl?ntulas, verificou-se que o composto fibrilose/ lodo de esgoto, nas propor??es T3 e T4 (fibrilose/ lodo de esgoto) apresentou resultados positivos e em muitos casos superiores quando comparado ao substrato comercial e demais materiais org?nicos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / Brazilian agribusiness and family agriculture have a great potential for development considering the country's soil and climate conditions. One of the main factors favoring plant development is the characteristic of the substrates used for the production of seedlings, considering that the productive development of the plants is closely linked to its initial development phase. Considering these aspects, the objective of this work was to evalue the phytotechnical development of fruit and vegetable plants, using substrates developed from fibrilose residues from the paper and sewage sludge plant of the Te?filo Otoni MG sewage treatment plant. The fibrilose residue was collected in the waste disposal yard of the Santher paper mill, located in Governador Valadares - MG. The collected material was taken to the water and soil laboratory of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, located in Te?filo Otoni, MG. The material was sieved in a 0.5 cm mesh sieve for uniformization of its particles and kept under ambient drying for one week. The treated sewage sludge was obtained from the Te?filo Otoni ETE, collected in the drying bed and taken to the laboratory, being autoclaved and sieved in 0.5 cm mesh sieves to standardize its particles. Then the mixture of the fibrilose residue with the sewage sludge was promoted in the proportions: T1(4,5:5,5), T2 (5,5:4,5), T3(6,5:3,5), T4(7,5:2,5) e T5(8,5:1,5) (Fibrilose: sewage sludge) (vol: vol). the materials were mixed and kept in styrofoam boxesfor 28 days, aiming at the stabilization of the blend. The other treatments used were: organic soil, Fertilize organic? compound and Bioplant? substrate. After this step styrofoam plates were used with cells to produce the seedlings. After filling the cells for seedling production, seeds of Papaya (Carica papaya) were sown; Passion fruit (Passiflora sp.), Eggplant (Solanum melongena), bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and Tomato (Licopersicum sp.) 36 cells were used per experimental plot and the experiment with five replicates. The experimental design was entirely randomized. After germination, one seedling per cell was maintained. The following variables were evaluated: seedling survival index, shoot length, root length, root dry weight and aerial part. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Program of Unesp. The chemical analyzes of the substrates were performed according to UESPA 3051. The results indicated a higher index of survival of the passion fruit compared to the other species tested and chemical analyzes indicated that the substrates produced from sewage sludge and fibrillose are in agreement with the standards of CONAMA 375/2006 and ing agreement with the MAPA, which has Standards for the use of substrates in agriculture. The elevation of manganese and potassium levels potentiated the death of eggplant and passion fruit seedlings, respectively. In relation to the development of the seedlings, it was verified that the fibrilose/ sewage sludge mixture, in the proportions T3 and T4 (Fibrillose / sewage sludge) presented positive results and in many cases higher When compared to the commercial substrate and other organic materials.

The work is focused on the status and role of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the water reservoir Želivka. Literature review summarizes the basic characteristics of living zebra mussels and its impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Current knowledge about this invasive bivalves show that its presence in the water reservoir has certain advantages, but also disadvantages. The main advantage is that zebra as filtrator, increases the transparency of the water and provides food for the animals living in the aquatic environment, or in its vicinity. Disadvantages are then mainly from the economic point of view, the zebra clogs pipes and thus prevents water flow and attached to marker buoys, fishing nets and attaches to the hulls of ships that can be attacked from the inside. In field part population of zebra mussels was sampled in different parts of the reservoir and identified following parameters (temperature and oxygen stratification, coverage to substrate coverage depending on the depth and the substrate, the length of shells according to the horizontal and vertical gradient filtering capacity and the volume rate). The results showed that the incidence and size of shells affects both horizontal and vertical gradient. Zebra mussels occur most depth 1-9 m on rocky, or stony substrate. The greatest incidence was found at Budeč and at Hráz, where the water is less eutrophic than the Zahrádka. Based on these parameters, and literature data was calculated hypothetical filter capacity and discussed its possible impact on the ecosystem components of the reservoir.

Les développements technologiques en télécommunication et microondes tendent depuis plusieurs années vers la miniaturisation des circuits, une réduction des coûts, des masses et des pertes dans ces dispositifs. Les circuits SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) s’inscrivent tout à fait dans cette mouvance et font à l’heure actuelle l’objet de nombreux sujets de recherche avec des applications directes dans l’industrie. Les circuits SINRD (Substrate Integrated Non Radiative Dielectric) utilisent eux les propriétés du substrat usiné (insertion de trous) pour la propagation du signal et des fonctions de l’électronique peuvent également être développées avec cette technologie. La conception de ces circuits passe généralement par des outils peu performants car non dédiés. Dans ce travail de thèse, une méthode numérique dédiée à ces circuits est développée. Elle est validée par comparaison à d’autres méthodes numériques et des mesures. Elle présente des temps de calcul très faibles. De nouveaux dispositifs pour des applications en télécommunications spatiales bas coûts et faibles pertes peuvent ainsi être développés grâce à elle. / For several years, technological developments in telecommunications and microwave circuit tend to miniaturization, low cost and mass reduction, in these devices. SIW Circuits (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) are developed in this manner and are currently the subject of numerous research topics with direct applications in industry. SINRD circuits (Substrate Integrated Non Radiative Dielectric) use micro machined substrate properties (insertion of holes) for signal propagation and electronic functions can be developed with this technology. The design of these circuits generally use unefficient tools that are not dedicated to these circuits. In this thesis, a numerical method dedicated to these circuits is developed. It is validated by comparison with other numerical methods and measurements. It presents very low computation time. New designs for applications in space communications and low-cost lowloss circuits may be developed through it.

Primary human hepatocytes are a scare resource with limited lifespan and variable function which diminishes with time in culture. As a consequence, their use in tissue modelling and therapy is restricted. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) could provide a stable source of human tissue due to their self-renewal properties and their ability to give rise to all the cell types of the human body. Therefore, hESC have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of hepatocytes. To date, the use of hESCs-derived somatic cells is limited due to the undefined, variable and xeno-containing microenvironment that influences the cell performance and life span, limiting scale-up and downstream application. Therefore, the development of highly defined cell based systems is required if the true potential of stem cell derived hepatocytes is to be realised. In order to replace the use of animal derived culture substrates to differentiate and maintain hESCs-derived hepatocytes, an interdisciplinary approach was employed to define synthetic materials, which maintain hepatocyte-like cell phenotype in culture. A simple polyurethane, PU134, was identified which improved hepatocyte performance and stability when compared to biological matrices. Moreover, the synthetic polymer was amenable to scale up and demonstrated batch-to-batch consistency. I subsequently used the synthetic polymer surface to probe the underlying biology, identifying key modulators of hepatocyte-like cell phenotype. This resulted in the identification of a novel genetic signature, MMP13, CTNND2 and THBS2, which was associated with stable hepatocyte performance. Importantly, those findings could be translated to two hESC lines derived at GMP. In conclusion, hepatocyte differentiation of pluripotent stem cells requires a defined microenvironment. The novel gene signature identified in this study represents an example of how to deliver stable hESCs-derived hepatocytes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pimenta_rs_dr_jabo.pdf: 1216495 bytes, checksum: 15b7183b860c530862c6b5d59b1b5a33 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A palmeira Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. é muito valorizada como ornamental. A propagação é por sementes, no entanto, há poucas informações sobre este processo. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar aspectos morfológicos e o efeito da temperatura, do substrato e do armazenamento na germinação de sementes de Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf. O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista – FCAV/UNESP, Campus de Jaboticabal - SP. Foram realizados 4 estudos: 1) aspectos morfológicos; 2) efeito da temperatura; sendo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado; com 6 tratamentos (temperatura do ambiente de laboratório, 25ºC, 30ºC, 35ºC, 20-30ºC e 25-35ºC); utilizou-se fibra de coco como substrato; 3) efeito do substrato; com delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado; foram 4 tratamentos (fibra de coco, areia, vermiculita média e plantimax®); utilizou-se a temperatura de 30ºC; 4) efeito do armazenamento: o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado; foram 5 tratamentos (4 meses de armazenamento e semeadura em seguida à colheita); utilizou-se vermiculita média como substrato e temperatura do ambiente de laboratório. Para os estudos 2, 3 e 4 foram utilizados 4 repetições de 25 diásporos (semente com o endocarpo aderido). Foi determinado o teor de água em todas as condições. Para todos os estudos, exceto morfologia, a reposição de água nos substratos foi feita mantendo 100% da capacidade de retenção; foi feita a contagem de sementes germinadas a cada 2 dias adotando-se como critério de germinação o aparecimento do botão germinativo para determinação da porcentagem de germinação (%) e Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG). Para o estudo do efeito da temperatura e do substrato, foram anotados, ainda, ao final... / Dypsis leptocheilos (Hodel) Beentje & J. Dransf is a palm highly valued as ornamental. The propagation is by seed. However, there is little information on this process. The objective of this work was to study the morphology, the effect of temperature, substrate and storage on germination of D. leptocheilos seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, UNESP/Jaboticabal. The 4 studies conducted were: 1) morphology; 2) temperature effect: the experimental design was randomized with 6 treatments (laboratory condition temperature, 25 ºC, 30 ºC, 35 ºC, 20-30 ºC and 25-35 ºC) and using coconut fiber as substrate; 3) substrate effect, the experimental design was randomized with 4 treatments (coconut fiber, sand, vermiculite and Plantmax ®) and using a temperature of 30 ºC; 4) storage effect: the experimental design was randomized with 5 treatments (4 months of storage and then sowing after harvest) and using vermiculite as substrate in laboratory condition temperature and 4 replications of 25 disseminules to study 2, 3 and 4. For all studies, except for morphology, water replacement in the substrate was made by keeping 100% of the capacity of retention and was made a count of germinated seeds every 2 days being adopted as a criterion of germination the germinative button. To study the effect of temperature and substrate were determined percentage of germination (%G), speed of germination index (SGI), leaf area (cm2), root length and shoot (cm), leaf dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). The statistical analysis was performed (except for morphology) to study the effect of temperature and substrate, the means were compared using the Tukey test and for storage, polynomial regression was performed. It was concluded that germination of D. leptocheilos is adjacent ligular type, and the condition that provided the greatest percentage and speed of seed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Cell-substrate interactions play a key role in the regulation of epithelial cell mechanics. Through a series of studies, we demonstrate how substrate interactions impact both the response to an oncogene and the cellular contractility and organization of a monolayer. We first examine the effects of oncogenic Ras in cells in adherent and suspended states. To accomplish this, we utilized atomic force microscopy and a microfluidic optical stretcher. We found that adherent cells stiffen and suspended cells soften with the expression of constitutively active Ras. The effect on adherent cells was reversed when contractility was inhibited with the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, resulting in softer cells. These findings suggest that increased ROCK activity as a result of Ras has opposite effects on suspended and adhered cells. In a subsequent study, we examined the effects of a substrate on contracting and relaxing monolayers. We created a new methodology for measuring the mechanodynamics of epithelial monolayers by culturing cells at an air-liquid interface. These model monolayers were grown in the absence of any supporting structures in hanging drops. We found that the direction of strain in the unsupported monolayers was not correlated to nuclear alignment as observed when the monolayers were grown on soft deformable gels. It was also observed that both gel and glass substrates led to the promotion of long-range cell nuclei alignment not seen in the unsupported monolayers. To further characterize the morphology and mechanics of monolayers clusters observed in our experiments, we created a new computational model based on the vertex model. The energy function used in this model takes into account cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion as well as anisotropic cellular mechanical properties. The results of these simulations suggest that the promotion of long-range alignment on solid substrates were due to cells having anisotropic elastic moduli with global alignment. They also suggest that the alignment observed in monolayers grown on air water interfaces is due to cells having low substrate adhesion and isotropic moduli. Our findings establish the importance of studying epithelial cell mechanics in different states of attachment.

Des films nanoporeux de dioxyde de titane peuvent être formés au-dessus d’un substrat de titane par oxydation anodique, c’est-à-dire lorsque le métal est plongé dans un électrolyte fluoré et est soumis à une tension ou une densité de courant constante. Le dopage par des ions fluorures permet également d’améliorer les propriétés photocatalytiques de TiO2 utiles pour de nombreuses applications. L’objectif de cette thèse consiste à étudier, par la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), l’influence des ions fluorures sur les mécanismes élémentaires ayant lieu lors de la croissance des couches de TiO2. Nous nous attacherons notamment à comprendre l’influence de la phase et de l’orientation cristallographique des surfaces de TiO2 fluoré, sur leurs stabilités et leurs propriétés photocatalytiques. Tous les calculs DFT ont été effectués avec le logiciel VASP qui permet de simuler des systèmes périodiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’adsorption de F et de F2 sur différentes surfaces de TiO2 parfaites et défectueuses. Deux groupes de surfaces ont pu être distingués vis-à-vis de leur réactivité et de leurs propriétés. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés au F-dopage à et sous différentes surfaces. Cette étude est inédite car le dopage a été essentiellement étudié au niveau du massif de TiO2. L’influence de l’hydroxylation des surfaces sur la réactivité de TiO2 vis-à-vis du fluor a été étudié afin d’obtenir des informations sur la croissance des couches d’oxyde. / Nanoporous titanium dioxide films can be formed over a titanium substrate by anodic oxidation, ie, when the metal is immersed in a fluorinated electrolyte and a constant voltage or a current density is applied. Doping with fluoride ions also improve the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 which is crucial for many applications. The goal of this thesis is to study the influence of fluoride ions on the elementary mechanisms during the growth of the TiO2 layers by the density functional theory (DFT). In particular, we will try to understand the influence of the phase and the crystallographic orientation of fluorinated TiO2 surfaces on their stability and their photocatalytic properties. All DFT calculations were carried out using VASP software which allows to simulate periodic systems. In a first step, we studied the adsorption of F and F2 on different perfect and defective TiO2 surfaces. Two groups of surfaces have been distinguished from their reactivity and their properties. Then we focused on F-doping at and under different surfaces. This study is pioneering because F-doping was mainly studied in bulk TiO2. The influence of surface hydroxylation on the reactivity of TiO2 towards fluoride ions has been studied in order to obtain information on the growth of the oxide layers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:18:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 batista_gs_me_jabo.pdf: 457788 bytes, checksum: 8207da43ecec8840c20c419f1ab09bd5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A palmeira Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc é a única espécie produtora de palmito amargo e desperta grande interesse no paisagismo brasileiro, porém ainda é pouco estudada. A germinação lenta e desuniforme das sementes acarretam problemas na propagação dessa espécie, dificultando principalmente, a produção de mudas em escala comercial. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os aspectos morfológicos dos diásporos e das plântulas, bem como, estudar o efeito do substrato e da escarificação mecânica na germinação de sementes de S. oleracea. Para os estudos da morfologia, efetuou-se a semeadura de 100 diásporos em caixas de plástico (50 x 22 x 16 cm), contendo uma camada de 10 cm do substrato vermiculita média umedecida, sendo retiradas amostras representativas de casa fase do processo germinativo. As amostras, a face externa, interna e o embrião dos diásporos foram documentados com auxílio de câmara clara acoplada ao estereomicroscópio. Para o estudo do efeito do substrato e da escarificação mecânica, o delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6X2 (seis substratos: vermiculita, areia, Plantmax®, Turfa®, fibra de coco e composto de poda de árvore, combinados sem ou com escarificação mecânica do endocarpo) e 4 repetições de 25 diásporos. Anotou-se, a cada 5 dias, durante 90 dias, o número de sementes germinadas adotando como critério de germinação o aparecimento da primeira folha. Determinou-se porcentagem de germinação (%), Índice de Velocidade de Emergência (IVE), área foliar (cm2), comprimento de raiz (cm), massa seca de folha (g) e massa seca de raiz (g). As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5 %. Verificou-se que as sementes são albuminosas, com endosperma ruminado e de consistência dura ocupando quase todo o interior do diásporo; o embrião... / The Syagrus oleracea (Mart.) Becc palm is the only species producer of bitter palm heart and arouses great interest in the Brazilian landscape, but is still little studied. The slow and uneven germination of seeds cause problems in the propagation of this species, mainly the seedlings production on a commercial scale. The objective of this study was to describe the disseminule and seedling morphology and to study the effect of substrate and mechanical scarification on germination of S. oleracea seed. For study the morphology, was made the sowing of 100 disseminules in plastic boxes (50 x 22 x 16 cm) containing a layer of 10 cm medium vermiculite and samples representing each phase of the germination process. The samples, the external and internal face, and embryo of the seeds were documented using the help of a clear camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. For study the effect of substrate and mechanical scarification, the design was completely randomized in factorial scheme (6x2) with 4 replications of 25 disseminules. Noted to every 5 days during 90 days the number of germinated seed adopting as criterion for germination the appearance of the first leaf. It was determined percentage of germination (%), speed of emergence index (IVE), leaf area (cm2), root length (cm), leaf dry mass (g) and root dry mass (g). The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5%. The results showed that the seeds are albuminous type, ruminal endosperm with hard consistency occupying almost the entire interior of the disseminule; the embryo is lateral, peripheral, straight and little differentiated; the seed germination is remote tubular type. It was concluded that seeds without scarification in vermiculite, germinated faster and had higher percentage of germination (65%) and greater length of root (16.55 cm), leaf dry mass (5.07 g) and dry mass root (12.41 g).