Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 448434.pdf: 4760425 bytes, checksum: 604f88e08a69176c01aa7515f18cce40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-21 / This paper presents the results of a study in the field of Business History, which since 1960 has become of great interest to focus on change and evolution of big business. Being family firms the predominant form of business organization in the world, your field of study began to be studied around issues related to succession and professionalization. The research is a case study about the history of the family business Cranston Woodhead & Co., founded by the English in the city of Rio Grande/RS, in 1922. The question addressed in this work was to interpret what mechanisms or strategies were used for the business of shipping agency develop and maintain in a competitive market. And how this family business has benefited from its culture and relationships to settle in Brazil having facilities to articulate a promising business, seize opportunities and survive for four generations in the trade / Esta disserta??o apresenta o resultado de um estudo na ?rea da Hist?ria Empresarial, que, a partir de 1960, tornou-se de grande interesse, com foco nas mudan?as e evolu??o das grandes empresas. Sendo as empresas familiares a forma predominante de organiza??o empresarial no mundo todo, o seu campo de estudos passou a ser estudado em torno de quest?es relacionadas com a sucess?o e profissionaliza??o. A pesquisa trata de um estudo de caso sobre a hist?ria da empresa familiar Cranston Woodhead & Co., fundada por ingleses na cidade de Rio Grande/RS, em 1922. A quest?o abordada neste trabalho foi interpretar que mecanismos ou estrat?gias foram utilizados para o neg?cio de agenciamento mar?timo desenvolver-se e manter-se num mercado competitivo. E como essa empresa familiar foi beneficiada por sua cultura e rela??es para se instalar no Brasil, tendo facilidades em articular um neg?cio promissor, aproveitar oportunidades e sobreviver por quatro gera??es no mercado de com?rcio exterior

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:52:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 389613.pdf: 723593 bytes, checksum: ad6bbed13703449625d57bc3cf90b682 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-21 / O avan?o da concorr?ncia em todos os segmentos econ?micos tem exigido das empresas um grau de profissionaliza??o cada vez maior. As empresas familiares, al?m desse desafio frente ao mercado, ainda se deparam com dificuldades intr?nsecas ?s suas caracter?sticas, como a dificuldade em separar o que ? fam?lia, empresa e patrim?nio. Portanto, ? necess?rio se preparar para continuar no mercado e desenvolver um plano de sucess?o para as pr?ximas gera??es. O objetivo geral deste trabalho ? propor um instrumento de avalia??o do processo sucess?rio em empresas familiares. Dentre os objetivos espec?ficos, encontram-se identificar itens de maturidade no processo sucess?rio, oferecer diretrizes estrat?gicas para promover a sucess?o em empresas familiares e avaliar a aplicabilidade do instrumento de pesquisa. Para a empresa estar preparada para a sucess?o, ela n?o pode tratar somente o assunto isoladamente. Portanto, os temas estrat?gia, planejamento estrat?gico, distin??o entre fam?lia, propriedade e gest?o, governan?a corporativa e maturidade, tamb?m s?o aprofundados ao longo da revis?o de literatura. Por meio de um estudo de caso com abordagem explorat?ria, o trabalho foi desenvolvido tendo-se como base modelos dispon?veis na literatura para avalia??o de maturidade. Antes da aplica??o, o instrumento foi submetido ? avalia??o por cinco especialistas em empresas familiares. Como resultado, foi poss?vel propor uma avalia??o para o processo sucess?rio, identificando itens de maturidade e oferecendo diretrizes estrat?gicas para promover a sucess?o em empresas familiares. Conclui-se que a avalia??o do processo sucess?rio pode contribuir para a empresa identificar seus pontos fortes, minimizando dificuldades e superando obst?culos para sua sobreviv?ncia no mercado ao longo das gera??es

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-10T14:03:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioChaibDissertacao2016.pdf: 1883384 bytes, checksum: 8b9e010f2b7d3542ecb5e2f93914e648 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-08-10T14:04:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioChaibDissertacao2016.pdf: 1883384 bytes, checksum: 8b9e010f2b7d3542ecb5e2f93914e648 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T14:04:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlavioChaibDissertacao2016.pdf: 1883384 bytes, checksum: 8b9e010f2b7d3542ecb5e2f93914e648 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / The tax on transmissions based on death and donation (ITCMD), in Brazil, despite being one of the oldest taxes, has recently aroused interest in doctrine. The recent increase and progression in the rates practiced by the States, the improvement in inspection techniques and the need for an efficient succession planning were the factors that contributed the most to the study of lawyers. Thus, exploratory, bibliographical and documentary research, based on the countries in which the highest rates exist, the analysis of the national tax structure and Piketti's research on the flow of inheritance, we verify the main aspects of the hypothesis of incidence of ITCMD on these countries and is compared with those applied in Brazil and the recommendations are made in the legal-tax model for the ITCMD. This confirms the inefficiency of the ITCMD tax regime in Brazil, which does not meet the current economic and social model, and points to a current tax regime as one of the lowest average rates, base for calculation, impersonality in the rules of passive subjection, complexity in the transfer of companies in succession by inheritance or donation, uniqueness in the rules for donations and inheritance and the risk of international double taxation. This shows the need for changes in the structure of Brazilian taxation, in which there is a concentration of revenues to the Union, and it is possible, ITCMD taxation to be an instrument of public policies for the modification of social inequalities and with great Collection potential, considering the data of the economy. / O imposto sobre transmiss??es causa mortis e doa????o (ITCMD), no Brasil, apesar de ser um dos impostos mais antigos, passou recentemente a despertar o interesse pela doutrina. A recente eleva????o e progressividade nas al??quotas praticadas pelos Estados, a melhoria nas t??cnicas de fiscaliza????o e a necessidade de um planejamento sucess??rio eficiente foram os fatores que mais contribu??ram para o aprofundamento do estudo pelos operadores do direito. Assim, a pesquisa explorat??ria, bibliogr??fica e documental, utilizando como base os pa??ses nos quais existem as maiores al??quotas, a an??lise da estrutura tribut??ria nacional e a pesquisa de Piketti sobre o fluxo das heran??as, verifica-se os principais aspectos da hip??tese de incid??ncia do ITCMD desses pa??ses e compara-se com os aplicados no Brasil e faz-se as recomenda????es no modelo jur??dico-tribut??rio para o imposto de transmiss??o causa mortis e doa????es ??? ITCMD. Dessa forma, confirma-se a inefici??ncia no regime de tributa????o do ITCMD no Brasil, no qual n??o atende ao atual modelo econ??mico e social, aponta-se para um regime de tributa????o atual como uma das menores al??quotas m??dia, a dificuldade quanto a avalia????o da base c??lculo, a impessoalidade nas regras de sujei????o passiva, a complexidade na transmiss??o de empresas na sucess??o por heran??a ou doa????o, a unicidade nas regras para doa????es e heran??a e o risco de dupla tributa????o internacional. Da??, demonstra-se a necessidade de mudan??as na estrutura de tributa????o brasileira, na qual verifica-se uma concentra????o de receitas ?? Uni??o, e que ?? poss??vel, a tributa????o do ITCMD ser um instrumento de pol??ticas p??blicas para modifica????o das desigualdades sociais e com grande potencial arrecadat??rio, considerando os dados da economia.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-07T22:42:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinaRochaPiresBarboza_DISSERT.pdf: 2471178 bytes, checksum: 8076374bc4ccf83252093950c45d18de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-10T20:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinaRochaPiresBarboza_DISSERT.pdf: 2471178 bytes, checksum: 8076374bc4ccf83252093950c45d18de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T20:32:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlinaRochaPiresBarboza_DISSERT.pdf: 2471178 bytes, checksum: 8076374bc4ccf83252093950c45d18de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Ambientes recifais sofrem com os impactos do pisoteio humano, prejudicial ? estrutura da comunidade bent?nica. Esse trabalho objetivou 1) caracterizar a comunidade bent?nica no recife de Pirangi/RN, identificando padr?es de zona??o, e 2) avaliar o seu processo de estrutura??o sob diferentes graus de pisoteio. Foram coletados dados de abund?ncia dos organismos, porcentagem de cobertura do substrato e par?metros f?sico-qu?micos. Para responder ao primeiro objetivo, foram amostradas esta??es com diferentes tempos de exposi??o. Verificou-se a forma??o de duas zonas: uma abrangendo ?reas submersas e de menor tempo de exposi??o, de menor rugosidade e maior heterogeneidade na cobertura de substrato, relacionada a organismos como gastr?podes, caranguejos e ouri?o-do-mar; a segunda zona compreende ?reas de maior tempo de exposi??o, maior rugosidade e predom?nio de substrato rochoso, associada ? organismos como cracas, gastr?podes, bivalves e caranguejos. Conclui-se que o recife apresenta padr?o pr?prio de zona??o, influenciado tanto pelo tempo de emers?o quanto por caracter?sticas do substrato. Para o segundo objetivo deste trabalho, foram montados experimentos nas ?reas com diferentes intensidades de pisoteio, contendo os tratamentos: controle (isolado de pisoteio), isolado raspado, pisoteio e pisoteio raspado. Dados de abund?ncia, ?ndices de diversidade e cobertura viva foram comparados e os resultados mostraram que n?o houve diferen?a na estrutura da comunidade dos tratamentos raspados, por?m, a fauna raspada desses tratamentos apresentou uma abund?ncia de organismos menor na ?rea de pisoteio intermedi?rio. Entre os tratamentos n?o raspados, observou-se uma maior abund?ncia da fauna m?vel e riqueza da cobertura viva na ?rea de impacto elevado, enquanto a ?rea de pisoteio intermedi?rio apresentou uma maior porcentagem de cobertura viva. As ?reas controle iniciais e finais diferiram apenas quanto ? porcentagem de cobertura viva. As ?reas que foram raspadas e isoladas n?o diferiram do tratamento pisoteio ao t?rmino do experimento. Sugere-se que a atividade de pisoteio em Pirangi seja descentralizada. / Despite being areas of socioeconomic and ecological importance, the reef environments in northeastern Brazil have been suffering with cluttered tourism impacts, such as trampling, activity that leads to decrease in abundance of organisms, especially benthic, and loss of biodiversity. The objectives of this study were 1) to characterize the benthic community in the shallow sandstone reef of Pirangi/RN, identifying patterns of zonation, and 2) evaluate its process of structuring under different degrees of impact of trampling, providing information to the proper use of the area. Data on abundance of organisms, the percentage coverage of the substrate and physic-chemical parameters were collected. The formation of two zones on the reef was observed: one that considers submerged areas and ones with shorter time of exposure, lower roughness and higher heterogeneity in the coverage of the substrate, with a predominance of sand, foliose algae, rodolit, being related to organisms such as gastropods, crabs and sea-urchin; the second zone comprises areas with longer time of exposure, greater roughness and predominance of bedrock uncovered, being associated with organisms such as barnacles, gastropods, bivalves and crabs. It is concluded that the studied reef presents its own zonation pattern, influenced by both the time of immersion and the substrate characteristics, such as roughness and type of coverage. To answer the second objective of this study, four experimental blocks were mounted on each of the three areas of different intensities of trampling, containing the following treatments: control (isolated from trampling), shaved isolated, trampling and shaved trampling, with data collection by 11 months. The data in abundance, diversity indices and living coverage of the substrate were compared between areas and treatments. The results showed that at the trampling areas, at the end of the experiment, differences were observed between the intensities of the impact, where higher values of abundance and richness of mobile fauna and richness of live coverage (ANOVA, p <0.05) were found in the area of higher trampling intensity. For fauna withdrawal of trampled scraped treatments, it was observed in the area of greatest impact that the abundance of small benthic invertebrates is more than three times smaller than that at the area of intermediate trampling (ANOVA, p <0.05). Initial isolated areas and final ones differed only as to the percentage of live coverage, with an increase of 35% at the end of this experiment. As for the areas that were completely scraped and isolated at the end of the experiment was observed an increase in the percentage of live coverage of 11.11% compared to the initial amount in the area of intermediate impact and 37.5% in the area with greater impact, indicating recovery of the area. It is suggested that the current use of the reef of Pirangi be reviewed, with a decentralization of trampling, or a decrease in visits, so that it does not occur at high intensities

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:47:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 441497.pdf: 12778410 bytes, checksum: 10cdd613732e8b07e9c36ff99ec58a1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-28 / The main objective of this research is to explain the reasons Ritter Alimentos S.A. has always maintained its position in the market, since it is a family firm, founded in 1919, in Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, considering many cycles in its development related to management, property as well as family relationships. The company is still in the market for more than 90 years and, due to this fact, it deserves to be treated in a special way, as a study subject. The analysis of the company, focusing on its longevity in the market, can unveil some factors that may justify, in a universal way, the existence, still, of many family enterprises. In the current research, we showed the differences between the generations that managed the industry, taking into consideration its founder, genre and parentage, leadership, enterprising spirit, technological innovation and work in the production sector. In order to understand the founder s cycle, we studied, in his origins, the breweries of the family and his history, as a brewer. The food industry, in the beginning, had to overcome many obstacles, trigged by the Second World War and the big flood that happened in 1941, in Porto Alegre. The next step to the other phase was related to the way the founder educated his daughters and sons-in-law, considering the succession process. Still, in the leadership cycle of the son-in-law succession, Fritz Bernhard Beiser, the business was not modernized, and the product, typically characterized as craft. Over the years, the industry developed the most modern technologies to all its line production in the 60s, and Fritz gave his three children the management of the company. Thus, the third cycle of the history of the company begins with participation of these new members, as shareholders of the industry. Even though they have to face many economic crises, the industry increased at the end of this phase. Eventually, the fourth generation, trying to develop may researches, changed the way that the company had been managed in many aspects, such as: the development of management and qualification programs, and the utilization of the best technological resources, leading to the automation in the production. / Esta tese procurou explicar as raz?es da longevidade da Ritter Alimentos S. A., empresa familiar fundada em 1919, em Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, com base nos v?rios ciclos do seu desenvolvimento no que se refere ? gest?o, ? propriedade e ?s rela??es familiares. A an?lise da perman?ncia da empresa no mercado por mais de 90 anos pode contribuir para a defini??o de fatores que justifiquem, de forma universal, a longa exist?ncia de empreendimentos familiares. O trabalho descreve as diferen?as entre as gera??es que gerenciaram a empresa a partir de seu fundador, Frederico Augusto Ritter, no que se refere ?s quest?es de g?nero e de parentesco, ? lideran?a, ao esp?rito empreendedor, ?s inova??es tecnol?gicas e ao trabalho no setor de produ??o. Para compreender o ciclo do fundador, foram resgatadas, em suas origens, as f?bricas de cerveja da fam?lia e a sua pr?pria trajet?ria como mestre cervejeiro. A ind?stria de alimentos, na sua fase inicial, teve que superar as consequ?ncias da Segunda Guerra Mundial e da enchente de 1941, em Porto Alegre. A passagem para o pr?ximo ciclo esteve relacionada ?s formas como o fundador tratou as filhas e os genros, tendo em vista o processo de sucess?o. No ciclo de lideran?a do genro sucessor, Fritz Bernhard Beiser, o neg?cio ainda se caracterizava como uma f?brica de antigamente, na qual o trabalho era bastante artesanal. A partir da d?cada de 1960, na administra??o dos tr?s filhos de Fritz, a empresa se tornou mais racional e modernizou todas as linhas de produ??o. No terceiro ciclo da hist?ria da empresa, que teve in?cio com a entrada dos irm?os s?cios, a empresa, mesmo enfrentando crises econ?micas, apresentou crescimento. As iniciativas dos gestores voltadas ? produ??o evidenciam aten??o e abertura ?s mudan?as sociais e culturais ocorridas no per?odo, com foco em alimentos mais saud?veis e pr?ticos, de f?cil preparo e consumo. Finalmente, a quarta gera??o, iniciada em 2008, buscando desenvolver a ?rea de pesquisa, promove um grande salto que inclui desde um programa de gest?o e qualidade at? ? utiliza??o dos recursos tecnol?gicos mais avan?ados, levando a automa??o na produ??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 463766.pdf: 343259 bytes, checksum: 72801758566d41847c86606ac71890c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-31 / The opening of succession (death event) is classified in our legal system as one of the ways of property transmission. This transmission, immediately operated, transfers the inheritance left by the deceased one free of charges to the heirs, as no effort is required from the heir to effectively receive it. The inheritance, no matter how it is composed, is considered by civil law as property due to the solemn requirements for its transmission. It is a State attribution, with constitutional provision, the power to tax the referred transmission as it results in an asset increase to the beneficiary. The taxation is meant to be, as it is possible, gradually done. Thus, the hability to pay as the criteria of tax fixation is theme of large debates in doctrine and in jurisprudence when it is understood that the inheritance tax is a real tax and because of this couldn't be related to the heir's hability to pay. In this terms, the present work has the objective to analyse the progressive increase as a way of make the hability to pay principal effective in the succession transmission. / A abertura da sucess?o (evento morte), ? classificada no ordenamento p?trio como uma das formas de transmiss?o da propriedade. Esta transmiss?o, que se opera de forma imediata, transfere a heran?a deixada pelo falecido, a t?tulo gratuito, aos herdeiros, j? que nenhum esfor?o se d? por parte do herdeiro para o seu efetivo recebimento. A heran?a, n?o importa como venha ser composta, ? considerada pela lei civil como um im?vel em face das exig?ncias solenes para a sua transmiss?o. Ao Estado ? atribu?do, por previs?o constitucional, o poder de tributar a referida transmiss?o j? que ela acarreta um acr?scimo patrimonial ao benefici?rio. Esta tributa??o h? que se dar, sempre que poss?vel, de forma graduada. Assim a capacidade contributiva como crit?rio de fixa??o do imposto ? tema de grande debate doutrin?rio e jurisprudencial quando se entende que o imposto sobre heran?a ? um imposto real e por isto n?o poderia ser atrelado a capacidade contributiva do herdeiro. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objeto a an?lise da progressividade como forma de efetiva??o do princ?pio da capacidade contributiva na transmiss?o sucess?ria.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-18T14:34:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joana Farias dos Santos.pdf: 22299426 bytes, checksum: 81d0ca2bff111fd3e0327131ba752062 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T14:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Joana Farias dos Santos.pdf: 22299426 bytes, checksum: 81d0ca2bff111fd3e0327131ba752062 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-22 / Programa de Capacita??o da Universidade do Estado da Bahia, PAC - UNEB, Brasil. / Reclaimed areas constitute ecosystems where soil and part of subsoil were suppressed. They show minimal resilience levels and need antropogenic interference for rehabilitation in the regional context. In this study it was evaluated 5 reforestations with different species and functional properties (treatments) after a lapse of 13-years. In chapter 1 it was evaluated the development, horizontal structure and floristic composition of shrubby-arboreal stratum. In chapter 2 understory spontaneous regeneration and in chapter 3 similarity of floristic composition between rehabilitation and a spontaneous restored area (~ 40 years old) were determined. At reforestation sites with five different groups of species, floristic composition increased from 12 to 23 species, distributed on 12 families and 276 individuals, where Fabaceae was the major family. For spontaneous regeneration 3.554 individuals were surveyed (1.438 on winter and 2.116 at summer) and the most representative families were Asteraceae and Poaceae. At the restoration site, it was observed 967 individuals from spontaneous regeneration, and the most representative families were Asteraceae and Sapindaceae, showing that there is low similarity between rehabilitation and restoration environments. All treatments displayed advances in the environmental sustainability, but two combinations of species had different performances in the rehabilitation of the reclaimed areas. / ?reas de empr?stimo constituem ecossistemas onde o solo e partes do subsolo foram suprimidas. Elas apresentam n?veis m?nimos de resili?ncia, necessitando de interven??es antr?picas para sua reabilita??o ao contexto regional. Neste estudo se avaliaram 5 reflorestamentos com esp?cies e propriedades funcionais diferentes (tratamentos), seus desempenhos e sustentabilidade ambiental depois de transcorridos 13 anos. No Cap?tulo I foram avaliados o desenvolvimento, a estrutura horizontal e a composi??o flor?stica do estrato arb?reo-arbustivo. No Cap?tulo II, a regenera??o espont?nea nos sub-bosques e no Cap?tulo III, a similaridade entre composi??es flor?sticas de ?reas em reabilita??o e em restaura??o espont?nea, com aproximadamente 40 anos. Nos reflorestamentos com 5 diferentes conjuntos de esp?cies, a composi??o flor?stica aumentou de 12 para 23 esp?cies, distribu?das em 12 fam?lias e 276 indiv?duos, sendo a Fabaceae a principal fam?lia. Foram encontrados 3.554 indiv?duos regenerantes (1.438 no inverno e 2.116 no ver?o) e as fam?lias bot?nicas mais representativas foram Asteraceae e Poaceae. Na ?rea em restaura??o, foram observados 967 indiv?duos regenerantes e as fam?lias Asteraceae e Sapindaceae tiveram maior representa??o, evidenciando que h? pequena similaridade entre esp?cies de ambientes em reabilita??o e restaura??o. Todos os tratamentos demonstraram avan?os na sustentabilidade ambiental, por?m duas combina??es de esp?cies se diferenciaram no desempenho da reabilita??o de ?reas de empr?stimo.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-18T18:09:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Hiram Feij? Bay?o Junior.pdf: 2995539 bytes, checksum: c30780db47d43f18157697f751fc9127 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T18:09:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Hiram Feij? Bay?o Junior.pdf: 2995539 bytes, checksum: c30780db47d43f18157697f751fc9127 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / Disturbed Ecosystems present floristic composition changed, with a predominance of herbaceous vegetation, the soils are depleted, shallow, stony, with low infiltration and erosion presenting with different levels of Geodynamics. The individuals forest that colonized and settled in these environments, were considered rustic species. They were raised and their properties were evaluated in facilitating ecosystem evolved over 28 years, where the management was the restriction of pasture. The work was carried out in sections exposed to northern, local environmentally unfavorable of the watershed of Cacaria?s river, located in the Cacaria district, Pira? (S 22 ? 43'949''W and 43 ? 50'807''), located in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro. We found 14 rustic species in disturbed ecosystems, where only 4 survived to more advanced levels of the ecosystems (Tabernaemontana laeta, Sparattosperma leucanthum, Peltophorum dubium and Guarea guidonia), resulting in the same process of succession with 584 individuals and 43 species of 28 families in an area of 1.8 hectares, may constitute natural models of ecological restoration to be used in the Atlantic Forest. / Ecossistemas perturbados apresentam composi??o flor?stica alterada, com predom?nio de vegeta??o de porte herb?ceo, solos exauridos, rasos, pedregosos, com baixa infiltra??o e geodinamismos dos processos erosivos distintos. Os indiv?duos florestais que colonizam estes ambientes foram considerados esp?cies r?sticas. Eles foram levantados por censo em ?reas perturbadas e avaliadas os n?veis de coloniza??o espont?nea sob influencia das suas copas em ecossistema similar com 28 anos de restri??o ? pecu?ria. O estudo foi desenvolvido na vertente norte, local ambientalmente mais desfavor?vel por estar submetido a maiores perdas evapotranspirom?tricas da bacia hidrogr?fica do rio Cacaria, munic?pio de Pira? (S 22?43?949?? e W 43?50?807??), Rio de Janeiro. Foram encontrados 14 esp?cies r?sticas em ?reas perturbadas, onde apenas 4 subsistiram a n?veis mais evolu?dos do ecossistema (Tabernaemontana laeta, Sparattosperma leucanthum, Peltophorum dubium e Guarea guidonia), gerando sob as mesmas um processo de sucess?o com 584 indiv?duos e 43 esp?cies florestais, de 28 fam?lias em uma ?rea de 1,8 hectares. Estas informa??es podem ser essenciais ao desenvolvimento de modelos de restaura??o ecol?gica na Mata Atl?ntica.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-13T12:25:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Pedro Antonio Pa??.pdf: 2520523 bytes, checksum: dbda485ebbcb8e6720ce729890cb05ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T12:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Pedro Antonio Pa??.pdf: 2520523 bytes, checksum: dbda485ebbcb8e6720ce729890cb05ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04 / This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a succession of corn and bean, submitted to organic management associated with green manure from a mixture of species with different spatial arrangements. The experiment was conducted in the Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica - SIPA, located in Serop?dica - RJ, Brazil. The statistical design was a completely randomized blocks with six treatments and four replicates, totaling twenty four plots. In this sense, the experiment was planned in two parts, the first part was the study of spatial arrangements of planting, consisting in a mixture (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea and Helianthus annuus) of cover crops species (ECS) for green manure contemplating: intercropping with corn (cv. Caatingueiro) in double rows. The treatments consisted : ECS haul sowing; ECS furrow sowing; ECS haul sowing in a intercropping with corn; ECS furrow sowing in a intercropping with corn; corn monoculture; fallow (control). The evaluated parameters were: cover soil provided by ECS; fresh and dry biomass productivity; chemical composition of ECS aerial part; and corn grains productivity. The second part of the experiment took place in the same area, and bean (cv. Constanza) was planted in the same plots of the first part of the experiment. It was evaluated the influence of cover crops species on weed reinfestation and on the productivity of beans. As a general conclusion it was observed that the ECS covered the soil faster than the current spontaneous vegetation on fallow did. The fresh and dry biomass productivity and the cumulative quantity of nutrients in the biomass of the treatments that took in the ECS were higher than in corn monoculture. It was noted that the presence of the ECS influenced positively on weed reinfestation control. The corn grains productivity was lower when intercropping with ECS, however, the yield of beans was not influenced. The sowing way, haul or furrow, showed no differences, one interesting finding because the smallholder have freedom to choice the sowing way, without concern with related losses. / O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo de uma sucess?o envolvendo milho e feijoeiro, submetidos ao manejo org?nico, associada ? aduba??o verde formada de uma mistura de esp?cies com diferentes arranjos espaciais. O experimento foi conduzido no Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica ? SIPA (UFRRJ/Embrapa Agrobiologia/PESAGRO-RIO), localizado no munic?pio de Serop?dica, regi?o da Baixada Fluminense, RJ. O delineamento estat?stico adotado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repeti??es, totalizando vinte e quatro parcelas. Neste sentido, o experimento foi planejado em duas partes, onde a primeira foi o estudo de arranjos espaciais de plantio composta por uma mistura de esp?cies (Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea e Helianthus annuus) de plantas de cobertura do solo (ECS) para aduba??o verde, contemplando cultivos consorciados com o milho (variedade Caatingueiro) em fileiras duplas. Os tratamentos constaram de: ECS semeadas a lan?o; ECS semeadas em sulcos; ECS semeadas a lan?o em cons?rcio com o milho; ECS semeadas em sulcos em cons?rcio com o milho; monocultivo de milho; pousio (controle). Avaliou-se a cobertura do solo proporcionada pelas ECS; produtividade de biomassa fresca e seca; composi??o qu?mica da parte a?rea das esp?cies de cobertura do solo; e a produtividade de gr?os de milho. Na segunda parte do trabalho, na mesma ?rea em sucess?o, cultivou-se o feijoeiro (cv. Constanza) nas parcelas empregadas na primeira parte. Avaliou-se a influ?ncia das esp?cies de cobertura do solo na reinfesta??o de esp?cies espont?neas e a produtividade de gr?os de feij?o. Como conclus?o geral, observou-se que as ECS cobriram com maior velocidade o terreno do que a vegeta??o espont?nea presente no sistema em pousio. As produtividades de biomassa fresca e seca da parte a?rea e a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes na biomassa a?rea dos tratamentos que continham as ECS foram maiores do que no monocultivo do milho. Notou-se que a presen?a das ECS influenciou positivamente no controle da reinfesta??o das esp?cies espont?neas. A produtividade de gr?os de milho foi menor quando consorciado com as ECS, no entanto, a produtividade de gr?os de feij?o n?o foi influenciada. O modo de semeadura, a lan?o ou em sulcos, n?o demonstrou diferen?as nas avalia??es realizadas, sendo um dado interessante pelo fato do agricultor, dessa maneira, ter livre escolha quanto ao modo de semeadura, sem ter a preocupa??o de preju?zos correlacionados

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T14:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 5 20.pdf: 1561094 bytes, checksum: 910e8488121681244710dd4db32a5bd1 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T12:43:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 20.pdf: 1561094 bytes, checksum: 910e8488121681244710dd4db32a5bd1 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T12:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 20.pdf: 1561094 bytes, checksum: 910e8488121681244710dd4db32a5bd1 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Atividades antr?picas v?m de encontro com o paradoxo do desenvolvimento e da conserva??o. Assim a demanda por mat?ria-prima para sustentar os meios de produ??o, tem ?ntima rela??o com a explora??o dos recursos naturais, que realizada de modo inadequado e insustent?vel, gera a degrada??o do meio ambiente. Neste contexto, diante dos desafios que se apresentam para a sustentabilidade, alternativas estas, que tenham efic?cia no seu prop?sito (integra??o dos conhecimentos silviculturais e principios ecol?gicos) e retorno destas ?reas ?s condi??es pr?ximas das originais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar a din?mica da paisagem e da vegeta??o arbustivo-arb?reo em ?reas sob diferentes tipos de degradada??o em Diamantina, MG. As comunidades das ?reas degradadas pelo garimpo de diamante (ADGD) e ouro (ADGO), assim como, pelo processo de vo?orocamento (ADV) contou com 50 (10 x 10 m), 30 (10 x 10 m) e 36 (5 x 3m) parcelas respectivamente, que no primeiro invent?rio, foram amostrados todos os indiv?duos arb?reo-arbustivo vivos com DAS30 ? 3 cm. No segundo invent?rio, foram registrados os indiv?duos mortos, remensurados os sobreviventes e mensurados e identificados os indiv?duos recrutados. Foram calculadas as taxas de din?mica: mortalidade, recrutamento, ganho e perda em ?rea basal e numero de indiv?duos para cada ?rea. Os valores de H? obtidos para as ?reas foram comparados aos pares pelo teste de t de Hutcheson. Em cada parcela, foi coletada uma amostra composta do substrato superficial (0-20 cm), sendo analisados os par?metros qu?micos: pH em ?gua; teores de P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ e Al3+; complexo sortivo (acidez potencial (H +Al), satura??o por bases (V%), soma de bases (SB), CTC a pH 7 (T), CTC efetiva (t) e satura??o por alum?nio (m%)) e mat?ria org?nica (M.O); f?sicos: teores de areia, silte e argila, resist?ncia mec?nica ? penetra??o ao longo da camada de 0-30 cm, umidade, cobertura de rocha e cascalho exposto. As vari?veis ambientais foram comparadas pelo teste t para amostras independentes (P<0,05). Para analisar as correla??es entre os gradientes ambientais e vegetacionais foi empregada a An?lise de Correspond?ncia Can?nica (CCA). A ?rea estudada na din?mica da paisagem contou com 2.509,92 ha definidos entre os paralelos 7989545,95 e 7984296,35 sul e meridianos 646367,51 e 651117,89 oeste. O mapeamento e classifica??o da cobertura vegetal foi realizado por meio da interpreta??o visual de fotografias a?reas para os anos de 1950 e 2006. A quantifica??o estrutural da paisagem foi descrita por meio de ?ndices de composi??o e configura??o espacial resultantes do software Fragstats. No geral foram amostrados 1.152 indiv?duos, pertencentes a 16 fam?lias e 38 esp?cies, sendo, 153 indiv?duos, 5 fam?lias e 9 esp?cies pertencentes a ADGD; 921 indiv?duos, 16 fam?lias e 36 esp?cies pertencentes a ADGO e 78 indiv?duos, 9 fam?lias e 11 esp?cies pertencentes a ADV. A an?lise dos atributos f?sicos e qu?micos do substrato evidenciou alta limita??o ao desenvolvimento de plantas colonizadoras, apresentando como restri??es, substratos de textura arenosa com baixa fertilidade natural, acidez elevada al?m de classe de resist?ncia a penetra??o m?dia para as ?reas degradadas pelo garimpo de ouro e diamante. Verificou-se que houve rela??o entre os gradientes ambientais e a abund?ncia e composi??o flor?stica da vegeta??o colonizadora, ficando a maioria das esp?cies mais fortemente correlacionada com as vari?veis topogr?ficas (desn?vel), qu?micas (M.O e m) e f?sicas (umidade). Todos os indicadores estruturais analisados mostraram que as ?reas est?o em processo de constru??o inicial, por?m a ?rea degradada pelo garimpo de ouro encontra-se em est?gio sucessional mais avan?ado quando comparado com ?rea degradada pelo processo de vo?orocamento e a ?rea degradada pelo garimpo de diamante. Os mapas temporais de cobertura do solo evidenciam que a ?rea de estudo apresenta grande influ?ncia de atividades antr?picas. Contudo a quantidade de habitat natural na ?rea de estudo foi bem superior ao limiar de percola??o, passando de 99,26% (2491,59 ha) em 1950 para 89,62% (2249,35 ha) em 2006. Nesse contexto, ? poss?vel constatar que a paisagem se manteve estruturalmente conectada por meio de grandes fragmentos de vegeta??o nativa, proporcionando condi??es de sustentabilidade. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activities have been meeting with the paradox of development and conservation. Thus the demand for raw materials to sustain the means of production, is closely related to the exploitation of natural resources, which conducted improperly and unsustainable, causes the degradation of the environment. In this context, aa scientific community, facing the challenges that present themselves to a sustainability of the planet, has been conducting research aimed at generating alternatives for the recuperation of degraded areas; these alternatives, which are effective in their purpose (integration of knowledge silvicultural and ecological principles ) and return these areas to conditions similar to the originals. This study aimed to characterize physical and chemical substrate, to relate the abundance distribution of the colonizing species with environmental variables, to study the dynamics of the floristic composition of vegetation and analyze the dynamics of the landscape around the three areas under different types preterit of degradation, between the years 1950 and 2006, emphasizing the changes in landscape virtue to human activities in the State Park Biribiri (PEB) and surroundings, in Diamantina, MG. The communities of areas degraded by mining diamond (ADGD) and gold (ADGO), as well as the process of vo?orocamento (ADV) had 50 (10 x 10 m), 30 (10 x 10 m) and 36 (5 x 3m) plots respectively, in the first inventory sampled all shrub tree individuals with DAS30 ? 3 cm. In the second inventory, dead individuals were recorded, remeasured the survivors and measured and identified the recruited individuals. We calculated rates of mortality, recruitment, gain and loss in basal area and number of individuals for each area. Values ??H? obtained for areas were compared in pairs by t test Hutcheson. In each plot was collected a sample of the substrate surface (0-20 cm) were analyzed for chemical parameters: pH in water; levels of P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+, exchangeable cations (potential acidity (H + Al ), base saturation (V%), sum of bases (SB), CTC at pH 7 (T), effective CTC (t), aluminum saturation (m%)) and organic matter (M.O); physical: contents of sand, silt and clay, penetration resistance along the 0-30 cm layer, moisture, coverage of rock and gravel exposed. Environmental variables were compared by t test for independent samples (P<0.05). To analyze the correlations between environmental gradients and vegetation was used Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The area studied in the dynamics of the landscape had 2,509.92 ha defined between the parallel and 7,989,545.95 7,984,296.35 646,367.51 meridian and south and west 651,117.89. The mapping and classification of vegetation cover was done by visual interpretation of aerial photographs for the years 1950 and 2006. Quantification structural landscape has been described by means of indexes of composition and spatial configuration resulting Fragstats software. Overall 1152 individuals were sampled, belonging to 16 families and 38 species, and, 153 individuals, families 5 and 9 species of ADGD, 921 individuals, 16 families and 36 species belonging to ADGO and 78 individuals, 9 families and 11 species belonging ADV. The analysis of physical and chemical properties of the substrate showed high limiting the development of colonizing plants, presenting as constraints, sandy substrates with low fertility, high acidity than class average penetration resistance for areas degraded by mining gold and diamond. There was a relationship between environmental gradients and floristic composition and abundance of colonizing vegetation, most species being more strongly correlated with the topographic variables (elevation), chemical (M.O and m) and physical (moisture). All structural indicators analyzed showed that the areas are in the process of initial construction, but the area degraded by mining gold is found in more advanced successional stage compared with the degraded area by process vo?orocamento and the area degraded by mining diamonds. Temporal maps of land cover indicate that this area of ??study has great influence anthropogenic activities. However the amount of natural habitat in the study area was well above the percolation threshold, from 99.26% (2491,59 ha) in 1950 to 89.62% (2249,35 ha) in 2006. In this context, it can be seen that the landscape remained structurally connected by means of large fragments of native vegetation, providing conditions for sustainability.