Non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior are prevalent in young adults, and often constitute a continuum of self-destructiveness. Not all those who self-injure, however, engage in suicidal behaviors with intent to die, perhaps due to protective intrapersonal characteristics. We examined the role of one such potential buffer, social problem-solving ability, as a moderator of the association between non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal thoughts and attempts, hypothesizing that individuals with greater social problem-solving ability would report fewer suicidal behaviors in relation to self-harm. An ethnically diverse sample was recruited from a large, Northeastern urban university, and completed self-report questionnaires assessing non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal behaviors, and social problem-solving ability. Multivariate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. For the entire sample, individuals with higher social problem-solving abilities reported fewer suicidal behaviors associated with non-suicidal self-injury. In ethnically stratified analyses, social problem-solving significantly moderated the relationship between self-injury and suicidal behaviors for Whites and Hispanics only. Promotion of problem-solving skills may weaken the linkage between self-injury and potential for future suicidal behaviors for some individuals; however, culture-specific differences in this effect may exist.

Background: Insomnia is a robust correlate of suicidal ideation and behavior. Preliminary research has identified thwarted belongingness (c.f. social disconnection) as an explanatory link between insomnia and suicidal ideation. Objectives: This study replicates and extends previous findings using both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs in four demographically diverse samples. Additionally, the specificity of thwarted belongingness was evaluated by testing anxiety as a rival mediator. Method: Self-report measures of insomnia symptoms, thwarted belongingness, suicidal ideation and behavior, and anxiety were administered in four adult samples: 469 undergraduate students, 352 psychiatric outpatients, 858 firefighters, and 217 primary care patients. Results: More severe insomnia was associated with more severe thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Thwarted belongingness significantly accounted for the association between insomnia and suicidality, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, beyond anxiety. Notably, findings supported the specificity of thwarted belongingness: anxiety did not significantly mediate the association between insomnia and suicidality, and insomnia did not mediate the relation between thwarted belongingness and suicidality. Limitations: This study relied solely on self-report measures. Future studies incorporating objective sleep measurements are needed. Conclusion: Findings underscore the utility of assessing and addressing sleep disturbances and social disconnection to reduce suicide risk.

Associations between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness with current suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior were examined. Two logistic regressions were conducted with a cross-sectional database of 440 university students to examine the association of need satisfaction with suicidal ideation and risk for suicidal behavior, while controlling for demographics and depressive symptoms. Suicidal ideation was reported by 15% of participants and 18% were found to be at risk for suicidal behavior. A one standard deviation increase in need satisfaction reduced the odds of suicidal ideation by 53%, OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.33–0.67), and the odds of being at risk for suicidal behavior by 50%, OR (95% CI) = 0.50 (0.37–0.69). Young adults whose basic psychological needs are met may be less likely to consider suicide and engage in suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed to confirm these associations.

This study examined academic motivation and basic psychological needs as predictors of suicidal risk (namely, depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors) in a sample of 348 college students. Results from regression analyses indicated that academic motivation was a significant predictor of suicidal risk. The inclusion of basic psychological needs significantly augmented the prediction model. The authors discuss implications for considering academic motivation and basic psychological needs in college counseling on the basis of the results.

Includes vita. / Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 126 pages. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Incidence of suicide has been shown to increase dramatically during adolescence. Despite an established pattern of depression and hopelessness leading to suicide in adults, no such pattern emerges in the adolescent literature. Recent investigations suggest that impulsivity may play a key role in adolescent suicide attempts. This study examined the role of impulsivity in adolescent suicidal gestures, as well as the relationships among demographic variables, anger expression, impulsivity, and suicidal behavior. A total of 100 participants (ages 11-17; 71 females and 29 males) were recruited from 2 inpatient crisis centers for children. The Children's Depression Inventory, Hopelessness Scale for Children, Adolescent Behavior Checklist, Pediatric Anger Expression Scale, and Suicide Intent Scale were administered to inpatients, and demographic information was obtained (age, gender, ethnicity, income, and structure of family). / ABSTRACT: It was hypothesized that patterns of depression, anger, hopelessness, and impulsivity would vary by age, gender, ethnicity, and suicidality (e.g., suicidal gesture vs. no gesture). The large majority of hypotheses were not supported. Results are explained in terms of alternative theories for the role of impulsivity in adolescent suicidal gestures. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

O papel da religiosidade na determinação do comportamento suicida é controverso, havendo estudos que a consideram um fator protetor e outros um fator de risco. Neste estudo os autores conduziram uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar a relação entre a religiosidade e o comportamento suicida. Dentre os 154 artigos publicados em periódicos científicos inicialmente identificados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e PsycInfo, foram selecionados 59 artigos que enfocavam a associação entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida. Para a avaliação dos atributos qualitativos dos artigos foi desenvolvido um Roteiro de Avaliação Qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos artigos encontrados apresentava falta de rigor metodológico na mensuração do conceito de religiosidade, possivelmente devido à característica subjetiva desse constructo. Contudo, verificou-se que o papel protetor contra o comportamento suicida exercido pela religiosidade, sofre variações de acordo com a cultura na qual está inserida, considerando que para algumas culturas o comportamento suicida não é visto com total desaprovação. Porém, a maioria dos estudos reforça a hipótese de que a religiosidade diminui o risco de comportamento suicida nos indivíduos que professam algum tipo de credo e, que participam de algum espaço religioso. Não foram encontrados, nesta pesquisa, estudos que medissem a associação, entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida, em religiões de matriz africana. / The role of religiosity in determining suicidal behavior is controversial, since there are tudies where its considered a protective factor and others, a risk factor. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between religiosity and suicidal behavior. Among the 154 articles published in scientific journals initially identified in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PsycInfo, we selected 59 articles that focused on the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior. To evaluate the qualitative attributes of the articles, a Qualitative Evaluation Script was developed. The results show that most articles found presented a lack of methodological rigor in measuring the concept of religiosity, possibly due to the subjective characteristic of this construct. However, it was found that the protective role against suicidal behavior exercised by religion, varies according to the culture in which it operates, whereas in some cultures suicidal behavior is not seen with total disapproval. However, most studies support the hypothesis that religiosity reduces the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals who profess some kind of belief, and participates in some religious space. Were not found, in this research, studies which measure the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior in religions of African origin.

O papel da religiosidade na determinação do comportamento suicida é controverso, havendo estudos que a consideram um fator protetor e outros um fator de risco. Neste estudo os autores conduziram uma revisão sistemática da literatura para avaliar a relação entre a religiosidade e o comportamento suicida. Dentre os 154 artigos publicados em periódicos científicos inicialmente identificados nas bases Medline, Lilacs, Scielo e PsycInfo, foram selecionados 59 artigos que enfocavam a associação entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida. Para a avaliação dos atributos qualitativos dos artigos foi desenvolvido um Roteiro de Avaliação Qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que grande parte dos artigos encontrados apresentava falta de rigor metodológico na mensuração do conceito de religiosidade, possivelmente devido à característica subjetiva desse constructo. Contudo, verificou-se que o papel protetor contra o comportamento suicida exercido pela religiosidade, sofre variações de acordo com a cultura na qual está inserida, considerando que para algumas culturas o comportamento suicida não é visto com total desaprovação. Porém, a maioria dos estudos reforça a hipótese de que a religiosidade diminui o risco de comportamento suicida nos indivíduos que professam algum tipo de credo e, que participam de algum espaço religioso. Não foram encontrados, nesta pesquisa, estudos que medissem a associação, entre religiosidade e comportamento suicida, em religiões de matriz africana. / The role of religiosity in determining suicidal behavior is controversial, since there are tudies where its considered a protective factor and others, a risk factor. In this study, the authors conducted a systematic literature review to assess the relationship between religiosity and suicidal behavior. Among the 154 articles published in scientific journals initially identified in Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and PsycInfo, we selected 59 articles that focused on the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior. To evaluate the qualitative attributes of the articles, a Qualitative Evaluation Script was developed. The results show that most articles found presented a lack of methodological rigor in measuring the concept of religiosity, possibly due to the subjective characteristic of this construct. However, it was found that the protective role against suicidal behavior exercised by religion, varies according to the culture in which it operates, whereas in some cultures suicidal behavior is not seen with total disapproval. However, most studies support the hypothesis that religiosity reduces the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals who profess some kind of belief, and participates in some religious space. Were not found, in this research, studies which measure the association between religiosity and suicidal behavior in religions of African origin.

Inledning: Depression är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som drabbar människor i alla åldrar oavsett kön. En tredjedel av alla patienter diagnostiserade med depression blir inte hjälpta av dagens behandlingsmetoder och i synnerhet läkemedel. Denna grupp av individer klassificeras som behandlingsresistenta. För individer som lever med behandlingsresistent depression (TRD) är situationen allvarlig. Suicidala tankar (SI) och beteenden är vanligt förekommande och ökar i takt med svårighetsgraden av depressionen. Upptäckten av ketamins snabba effekter mot depression under 2000-talet har givit nytt ljus åt forskningen och mycket forskning görs på området som indikerar på positiva effekter mot TRD och de suicidala benägenheterna. Ketamin är dock ett problematiskt läkemedel med svåra biverkningar som gör situationen mer komplex. Syfte: Syftet med detta litteraturarbete var att undersöka effekterna av intravenöst (iv) ketamin mot TRD och i synnerhet dess antisuicidala effekter. Metod: Fem kliniska studier har analyserats. Två databassökningar gjordes via databasen PubMed med sökorden ”TRD suicidal ideation ketamine infusion treatment” och ” treatment resistant depression ketamine suicidal cognition”. Inkluderade artiklar valdes utifrån fastställda inklusions- och exklusionskriterier. Resultat: Överlag påvisas ett positivt resultat av ketamins antisuicidala effekter vid TRD. Fyra av fem studier visade signifikanta resultat av en singeldos ketamin jämfört med placebo och en studie kunde visa positiva effekter av upprepade infusioner. Medan en studies resultat varken kunde påvisa positiva effekter på kort eller lång sikt. Diskussion: Sammanfattningsvis indikerar resultatet av inkluderade studier på att ketamin i viss grad har positiva effekter på SI vid TRD och att iv ketamin har potential som läkemedel för denna patientgrupp. Dock krävs det mer forskning kring effektens hållbarhet, långtidseffekter, biverkningar och beroenderisken av ketamin. Idag används ketamin i form av det intranasala läkemedlet Spravato mot svår depression, detta med försiktighet på grund av de allvarliga biverkningar som kan följa och dess okända långtidseffekter. / Introduction: Depression is a global public health problem that affects people of all ages regardless of gender. One third of all patients diagnosed with depression are not helped by today's treatment methods. This group of individuals is classified as the treatment resistant. For individuals living with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), the situation is dire. Suicidal thoughts (SI) and behaviors are common and increase with the severity of the depression. The discovery of ketamine's rapid effects against depression in the 21st century has given new light to research and much research are being done in the area that indicates positive effects against TRD and the suicidal tendencies. However, ketamine is a problematic drug with severe side effects that make the situation more complex. Aim: The aim of this review was to investigate the effects of intravenous (iv) ketamine against TRD and in particular its anti-suicidal effects. Method: Five clinical studies have been analyzed. Two database searches were made via the PubMed database with the keywords "TRD suicidal ideation ketamine infusion treatment" and "treatment resistant depression ketamine suicidal cognition". Included articles were selected based on established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Overall, a positive result of ketamine's anti-suicidal effects in TRD is demonstrated. Four out of five studies showed significant results of a single dose of ketamine compared to placebo and one study was able to show positive effects of repeated infusions. While the results of one study could not demonstrate positive effects in the short or long term. Discussion: In summary, the results of included studies indicate that ketamine has, to some extent, positive effects on SI in TRD and that iv ketamine has potential as a drug for this patient group. However, more research is needed concerningdurability of the effect, long-term effects, side effects and the risk of addiction to ketamine. Today, ketamine is used in the form of the intranasal drug Spravato against severe depression, this with caution because of the serious side effects that can follow and its unknown long-term effects.

Introduction: Suicidal behaviour still cannot be sufficiently predicted. Exposure to suicidal behaviour in the personal social environment is assumed to moderate the individual's transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour within the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour (IMV model). This study aimed to investigate this moderating effect in a German high-risk sample. Methods: We interviewed 308 psychiatric inpatients (53% female) aged 18 to 81 years (M = 36.9, SD = 14.30) admitted after attempted suicide (53%) or due to an acute suicidal crisis (47%) regarding exposure events in their social environment. Four types of exposure events were analysed using moderation analyses: familial suicides/suicide attempts and non-familial suicides/suicide attempts. Additionally, the numbers of reported exposure events were compared between patients with and without a recent suicide attempt as well as between patients with lifetime suicide attempts and lifetime suicidal ideation. Results: Neither moderating effects of exposure events on the relationship between lifetime suicidal ideation and recent suicidal behaviour nor group differences between suicidal ideators and suicide attempters regarding the exposure events were found. Conclusions: Exposure events might have differential and possibly protective effects on suicidal behaviour-depending on type and quality (intensity, personal relevance and recency) of event-and on the outcome (suicide vs. suicide attempt).

No description available.