No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Många av dagens ungdomar i Sverige lider av psykisk ohälsa, som kan bidra till ökad risk för suicid. Suicid är den vanligaste dödsorsaken i åldersgruppen 15-24 år. Skolsköterskan har en viktig uppgift att främja elevers psykiska hälsa samt att uppmärksamma elever med psykisk ohälsa för att kunna ge dem rätt stöd. Hälsosamtalet är ett tillfälle då skolsköterskan får möjlighet att samtala med eleverna om deras hälsa och kan upptäcka riskbeteenden och tecken till suicidalitet. Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av det suicidpreventiva arbetet bland ungdomar inom högstadiet och gymnasiet. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ innebördsanalys med livsvärldsintervjuer. Resultatet analyserades med en beskrivande innebördsanalys. Resultat: Sex innebördsteman framkom: tidiga insatser för att förhindra suicid, skapa en tillitsfull och trygg relation, att möta eleverna i hälsosamtal, samarbeta med olika professioner inom skolan, samarbeta med externa aktörer samt känslan av trygghet i den egna yrkesprofessionen. Slutsats: Suicidpreventivt arbete inom högstadiet och gymnasiet är idag begränsat, däremot finns ett aktivt förebyggande arbete mot psykisk ohälsa, som anses som suicidpreventivt på sikt. Ett framgångsrikt suicidpreventivt arbete bygger på goda relationer med eleverna, som uppnås genom hälsosamtal och tillgänglighet. Samarbete med andra aktörer underlättar arbetet men behöver synliggöras och utvecklas. För att känna trygghet i det suicidpreventiva arbetet krävs utbildning och yrkeserfarenhet samt tydliga riktlinjer och handlingsplaner inom skola / Background: Many of today's adolescences in Sweden suffer from mental illness, which can contribute to an increased risk of suicide. Suicide is the most common cause of death in the age group 15-24 years. The school nurse has an important task to promote students' mental health and to draw attention to students with mental illness in order to give them the right support. The health discussion is an occasion when the school nurse has the opportunity to talk to the students about their health and can discover risk behaviors and signs of suicidality. Purpose: To describe school nurses' experiences of suicide prevention work among adolencences within high school and upper secondary school. Method: The study is based on a qualitative meaning analysis with life world interviews. The results were analyzed with a descriptive meaning analysis. Results: Six meaning themes emerged in the results, early interventions to prevent suicide, create a trusting and safe relationship, to meet the students in health discussions, collaborate with different professions within the school, collaborate with external actors and the feeling of security in one’s own professional role. Conclusions: Suicide prevention work in high school and upper secondary school is currently limited, however, there is active preventive work against mental illnes, which is considered suicide preventive in the long run. Successful suicide prevention work is based on good relationships with students, which are achieved through health discussions and accessibility. Cooperation with other actors facilitates the work but needs to be made visible and developed. In order to feel secure in the suicide prevention work, education and professional experience are required, as well as clear guidelines and action plans within the school.

Four hundred nine tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade high school students were surveyed to determine the percentage "at risk" for suicide and to compare the "at risk" group with those who were determined to be not at risk on the variables friendship, life stress, and self-esteem. The "at risk" group was determined by positive responses to questions about suicidal thoughts as well as by a high score (determined normatively) on the Hopelessness Scale (Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974). The literature has shown that suicidal behavior can be represented by a continuum beginning with suicidal ideation and ending with the completed act so those who have thought about suicide are at greater risk than those who have not. Two primary analyses were conducted. In the first, two multivariate ANOVA's were carried out wherein high and low risk defined one independent variable and gender defined the other. Scores on self-esteem, life stress, and friendship served as the dependent variables. Those not classified as either high or low risk were excluded from this analysis. When compared to low risk individuals, high risk subjects were found to have significantly poorer quality friendships, lower self-esteem and had experienced more life stress in the previous year. When sex difference was the dependent variable, only life stress was significant with females reporting more stressful life events. For the secondary analysis, all subjects were included and multiple regression analysis was used to predict a) hopelessness, and b) suicidal ideation using self-esteem, life stress, and friendship as independent variables. The three variables in combination were better at predicting ideation (R² =.36) than hopelessness (R² =.24). Life stress was a significant predictor in both equations and was the best predictor for ideation. Self-esteem was the best predictor for hopelessness. Friendship entered into both equations, but only contributed significantly to the variance in hopelessness. / Ph. D.

Yes / Introduction The role of digital health in providing psychological treatment and support for the prevention of suicide is well documented. Particular emphasis has been placed on digital health technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing psychological support reduces the burden of mental health conditions. The challenge is to provide support in the context of patient isolation, which highlights the role of digital technology (video conferencing, smartphone apps and social media). There is, however, a dearth of literature where experts by experience have been involved in the end-to-end process of developing digital health tools for suicide prevention. Methods and analysis This study aims to codesign a digital health tool for suicide prevention focusing on the enablers and barriers. The scoping review protocol is phase I within a three-phase study. The protocol will inform the second phase of the study which is the scoping review. The results of the review will inform a funding application to National Institute for Health and Care Research to codesign a digital health tool for suicide prevention (the third phase). The search strategy will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual for Scoping Reviews and incorporates the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews checklist to ensure reporting standards are maintained. The methodology will be supplemented by frameworks by Arksey and O’Malley and Levac et al. The search strategy dates for screening are from November 2022 to March 2023. Five databases will be searched: Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Grey literature searches include government and non-government health websites, Google and Google Scholar. The data will be extracted and organised into relevant categories. The results will be synthesised into themes and inform phase II of the study. Ethics and dissemination Ethics granted by the University of Bradford on 15 August 2022, reference E995. The project team will design a digital health tool, results will be published in a peer-review journal and disseminated through conferences. Study registration number Safety (Mental Health) Innovation Challenge Fund 2022–2023 Protocol RM0223/42079 Ver 0.1. / This research was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (NIHR Yorkshire and Humber PSTRC). Project Reference: SICF 2022-02.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kommer dagligen i kontakt med suicidnära patienter och är delaktiga i det suicidpreventiva arbetet. Studier beskriver att sjuksköterskor kan använda sig av sin kunskap, erfarenhet och intuition för att upptäcka att en patient är suicidal. Suicidavsikt kan kommuniceras icke verbalt genom subtila tecken, som kan uppfattas av sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av den icke verbala kommunikationen inför ett suicid, för att öka medvetenheten om och förståelsen av detta fenomen vid suicidprevention. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk hermeneutisk ansats har använts. Sju sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk vård intervjuades om sina erfarenheter av det studerade fenomenet, där intervjumetoden var narrativ och ostrukturerad till sin form. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av fenomenet presenteras i sex teman: Att se en förändring hos patienten, Att uppleva patienten som svårtolkad, Att känna patientens existentiella ångest, Att förstå patienten utifrån en helhetssyn, Att se patienten få insikt samt Att uppfatta att patienten gör ett avslut. I den tolkade helhetsförståelsen ger teorier om suicid en djupare förståelse för fenomenet som beskrivs i temana. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kan uppfatta och tolka icke verbala budskap från patienter som är suicidnära och de kan använda denna kunskap som ett komplement till en suicidbedömning.

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / William Adams / Mental illness and suicide present vexing challenges for journalists who seek to elevate public understanding of public health issues and remedies. Using the theoretical frameworks of media agenda setting and issue framing, content analysis was used to examine a nationwide sample of newspapers stories for evidence of media familiarity with prevailing norms for community mental health care and suicide prevention. Stories examined showed little evidence of such expertise, leaving questions about the ability of journalists — and their readers — to differentiate between standard and substandard mental health care systems. Long-term change in public policy about mental illness and suicide prevention will likely depend on the ability of special interests to capture and keep media attention as well as media management decisions to assign mental health coverage to general assignment reporters or place it in the hands of journalists with specialized training.

O suicídio é uma morte repentina e violenta, que choca. Pode provocar indignação, pois causa em quem ficou um hiato, em relação à experiência de dizer adeus àquele que é amado. A morte autoinfligida causa sofrimento e, por isso, o enlutado por suicídio é reconhecido como sobrevivente. Este estudo teve como objetivo a compreensão do processo de luto do(a) filho(a) da pessoa que cometeu o suicídio. Jamison (2010), Alvarez (1999) e Shneidman (1985; 1993) foram os principais autores que fundamentaram a discussão sobre o suicídio. As obras de Parkes (1998; 2009), Franco (2002; 2010), Kovács (1992; 2003) e Clark (2001; 2007), as fontes básicas consultadas para a compreensão do processo de luto. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, tendo como participantes 9 (nove) filhos de indivíduos que cometeram o suicídio. Os princípios éticos de sigilo, privacidade, confidencialidade, não identificação dos dados do colaborador e liberdade de participação foram respeitados. Os depoimentos foram gravados com a anuência dos entrevistados e realizados: entrevista para a coleta de depoimento, de aproximadamente 3 (três) horas de duração e 2 (dois) contatos por e-mail para enviar a transcrição das entrevistas, e outro, depois da análise dos dados, para compartilhar com o colaborador a compreensão da pesquisadora. As unidades de significados foram extraídas conforme o método fenomenológico (Moustakas, 1994) e compreendidas pela perspectiva da abordagem da Gestalt-terapia. Observou-se que para alguns entrevistados, a superação da falta do progenitor trouxe ambivalências: vivos, foram ausentes; mortos, tornaram-se presentes. O ato suicida pode denunciar uma dinâmica familiar cujo rompimento de vínculos já acontecia, ou seja, o estresse foi experienciado antes, durante e depois do suicídio. Portanto, o suicídio não foi fator precipitante, mas, sim, o processo como um todo. Quando o filho sobrevive ao suicídio de um dos genitores pode ter uma experiência cujo sofrimento provoca culpa, raiva, ressentimentos, sensação de desamparo e de abandono, solidão, falta de oportunidade por não ter recebido colo, acalanto, cuidado, amor e direção. Considerou-se que, embora a morte seja para sempre, o luto é um processo dinâmico, no qual os enlutados tentam administrar uma diversidade de sentimentos e pensamentos: além da necessidade de compreender a morte, surge a redefinição de seu papel na família. Destaca-se também o calar e o isolamento dos depoentes. O isolamento parece acontecer para que não sejam mobilizados os sentimentos confusos e não compartilhados, que ameaçam a zona de conforto tão arduamente conquistada pelos que sobreviveram. O que se cala é o sofrimento, a dúvida e o estigma. Identificou-se que o suicídio parental é uma vivência ímpar, que permite à pessoa descobrir e desenvolver estratégias de enfrentamento em seu processo de luto / Suicide is a sudden and violent death, which shocks. It may cause outrage, as it causes a gap in those who remained, in relation to the experience of saying goodbye to the one who is loved. The self-inflicted death causes suffering and, thus, the bereaved by suicide is recognized as a survivor. This study had as goal the comprehension of the grieving process of the offspring of the person who committed suicide. Jamison (2010), Alvarez (1999) and Shneidman (1985; 1993) were the main authors who grounded the discussion about suicide. The works of Parkes (1998; 2009), Franco (2002; 2010), Kovács (1992; 2003) and Clark (2001; 2007), the basic sources consulted to the comprehension of the grieving process. It is a research of qualitative nature, having as participants nine (9) offspring of individuals who committed suicide. The ethical principles of secrecy, privacy, confidentiality, no identification of the data of the collaborators and freedom of participation were respected. The testimonies were recorded with the consent of the interviewees and carried out: interview - to collect the testimony, approximately three (3) hours long - and two (2) contacts by e-mail one to send the transcripts of the interviews, and other after analyzing the data, to share with the collaborator the comprehension of the researcher. The units of meaning were extracted according to the phenomenological method (Moustakas, 1994) and understood through the perspective of the Gestalt-Therapy approach. It was observed that for some interviewees, overcoming the lack of a parent brought ambivalences: as alive, they were absent; as dead, they became present. The suicidal act may denounce a family dynamic in which breaking of bonds has already happened, in other words, the stress was experienced before, during and after the suicide. Therefore, suicide was not a triggering factor, but, instead, the process as a whole. When the child survives the suicide of one of its parents, one can have an experience whose suffering causes guilt, anger, resentment, helplessness and abandonment, loneliness, lack of opportunity by not having received lap time, soothing, care, love and guidance. It was considered that, although death is forever, grief is a dynamic process, in which bereaved ones try to manage a diversity of feelings and thoughts: besides the necessity of comprehending death, comes the redefinition of their role in the family. Also noteworthy is the silence and isolation of the deponents. The isolation seems to happen for mixed and not shared feelings not to be mobilized, that threaten the comfort zone so hardly conquered by those who survived. What is silenced is the suffering, the doubt and the stigma. It was identified that parental suicide is a unique experience that allows the person to discover and develop coping strategies in their grieving process

Suicide is a significant public health concern at a global level and occurs at a greater rate in rural compared with urban areas. A review of the literature on rural suicide indicates that a growing body of empirical, theoretical, and prevention work has been conducted on the topic, with an increasing number of countries represented and articles written. From an ecological perspective, current data and models suggest that our approach to understanding and preventing rural suicide must be multifaceted, addressing the individual level (e.g., traditional risk factors such as psychiatric illness), as well as the microsystem (e.g., family and peer relations), mesosystem (e.g., the interconnectedness between microsystems), exosystem (e.g., the rural community), and macrosystem (e.g., social norms) levels. Geographic and interpersonal isolation, agricultural or otherwise hazardous vocational demands, environmental and governmental policies, availability of means, lack of access to care and rural ideologies appear to contribute to suicide risk. Interventions must be community-driven, culturally acceptable and feasible within the context of available resources to be effective. Prospective research on risk and protective factors for rural suicide is required, as is development, implementation and assessment of interventions that are originated by, implemented in, and sensitive to the needs of rural communities.