京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第24818号 / 工博第5161号 / 新制||工||1986(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻 / (主査)教授 浜地 格, 教授 森 泰生, 教授 生越 友樹 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Hepatitis C is a global health problem that affects approximately 120–180 million people. This viral infection causes serious liver diseases and the therapy available suffers from low efficiency and severe side effects. Consequently, there is a huge unmet medical need for new therapeutic agents to combat the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Inhibition of the viral NS3 protease has recently emerged as a promising approach to defeat this infection, and the first HCV NS3 protease inhibitors have now entered clinical trials. In this project, several novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitors have been designed, synthesized and biochemically evaluated. Inhibitors with various P1 C-terminal functional groups intended as potential bioisosteres to the carboxylic acid found in product-based inhibitors have been revealed. Special focus has been placed on establishing structure–activity relationships of inhibitors containing the promising P1 C-terminal acyl sulfonamide group. The properties of the acyl sulfonamide functionality that are important for producing potent inhibitors have been identified. In addition, the advantages of the acyl sulfonamide group compared to the carboxylic acid have been demonstrated in both enzymatic and cell-based assays. Besides the acyl sulfonamide functionality, the acyl cyanamide and the acyl sulfinamide groups have been identified as new carboxylic acid bioisosteres in HCV NS3 protease inhibitors. The synthetic work included the development of a fast and convenient methodology for the preparation of aryl acyl sulfonamides. The use of microwave heating and Mo(CO)6 as a solid carbon monoxide source provided aryl acyl sulfonamides from aryl halides in excellent yields. This method was subsequently used in the decoration of novel HCV NS3 protease inhibitors comprising a non-natural P1 moiety. This new class of compounds can be used as lead structures in a future optimization process aimed at producing more drug-like HCV NS3 protease inhibitors.

A prospecção e síntese de novos derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina está em ascensão devido às suas diversas atividades biológicas. Neste trabalho é relatada a síntese e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de novos derivados contendo uma sulfonamida substituída na posição 5 da 8-hidroxiquinolina ou um grupamento aminossubstituído na posição 7 da 5-cloro-8-hidroxiquinolina ou 5-cloro-8-metoxiquinolina. Os derivados 5-sulfonamidas foram preparados por clorossulfonação seguida da reação com a amina apropriada. Os derivados 7-aminossubstituído foram sintetizados através da metilação da hidroxila da posição 8, seguida da reação de cross-coupling catalisada por paládio e desmetilação. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Dentre os compostos sintetizados, 5a (da série 5-sulfonamidas) foi o mais potente, sendo ativo contra todas as espécies fúngicas testadas, além de apresentar importante atividade contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, e baixa toxicidade contra células VERO. Isso sugere que a introdução de um grupamento retirador de elétrons em para no substituinte arila da posição 5 é importante para a atividade antimicrobiana. Ainda, a nanoemulsão preparada contendo 5a manteve a atividade antifúngica da substância contra espécies de Candida spp. A série 7-aminossubstituído também apresentou resultados muito interessantes. Desta série, o composto 5i foi o mais potente. Isso sugere que grupamentos heterocíclicos hidrofílicos na posição 7 podem favorecer a atividade antifúngica. A presença da hidroxila livre na posição 8 parece ser essencial para a atividade antifúngica, pois os derivados protegidos por uma metila foram pouco ativos. Os derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina 5a e 5i podem ser considerados para estudos posteriores na busca de novos agentes antimicrobianos. / The synthesis and screening of new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives is growing, due to their various biological activities. In this work, the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new derivatives containing a substituted 5-sulfonamide in the 8-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted amino group at the 7-position of the 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline or 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline is reported. The 5-sulfonamide derivatives were prepared by chlorosulfonation followed by the reaction with the appropriate amine. The 7-amino derivatives were synthesized by methylation of the 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and demethylation. The antimicrobial evaluation was tested by the broth microdilution method. Among all the prepared compounds, 5a (from the 5-sulfonamide series) was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, while also showing important activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, and low toxicity against VERO cells. This suggests that the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at para-position of the N-aryl substituent is important for the activity. In addition, the prepared 5a nanoemulsion maintained the antifungal activity of the compound against Candida spp. The 7-amino series has also presented interesting results. In this series, 5i was the most potent compound. This suggests that the hydrophilic heterocyclic substituent at the 7-position was favorable to antifungal activity. The presence of the free hydroxyl at the 8-position is important for the antifungal activity, since the methyl-protected derivatives were poorly active. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives 5a and 5i may be considered for further studies in the search for novel antimicrobial agents.

No description available.

A prospecção e síntese de novos derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina está em ascensão devido às suas diversas atividades biológicas. Neste trabalho é relatada a síntese e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de novos derivados contendo uma sulfonamida substituída na posição 5 da 8-hidroxiquinolina ou um grupamento aminossubstituído na posição 7 da 5-cloro-8-hidroxiquinolina ou 5-cloro-8-metoxiquinolina. Os derivados 5-sulfonamidas foram preparados por clorossulfonação seguida da reação com a amina apropriada. Os derivados 7-aminossubstituído foram sintetizados através da metilação da hidroxila da posição 8, seguida da reação de cross-coupling catalisada por paládio e desmetilação. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Dentre os compostos sintetizados, 5a (da série 5-sulfonamidas) foi o mais potente, sendo ativo contra todas as espécies fúngicas testadas, além de apresentar importante atividade contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, e baixa toxicidade contra células VERO. Isso sugere que a introdução de um grupamento retirador de elétrons em para no substituinte arila da posição 5 é importante para a atividade antimicrobiana. Ainda, a nanoemulsão preparada contendo 5a manteve a atividade antifúngica da substância contra espécies de Candida spp. A série 7-aminossubstituído também apresentou resultados muito interessantes. Desta série, o composto 5i foi o mais potente. Isso sugere que grupamentos heterocíclicos hidrofílicos na posição 7 podem favorecer a atividade antifúngica. A presença da hidroxila livre na posição 8 parece ser essencial para a atividade antifúngica, pois os derivados protegidos por uma metila foram pouco ativos. Os derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina 5a e 5i podem ser considerados para estudos posteriores na busca de novos agentes antimicrobianos. / The synthesis and screening of new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives is growing, due to their various biological activities. In this work, the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new derivatives containing a substituted 5-sulfonamide in the 8-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted amino group at the 7-position of the 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline or 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline is reported. The 5-sulfonamide derivatives were prepared by chlorosulfonation followed by the reaction with the appropriate amine. The 7-amino derivatives were synthesized by methylation of the 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and demethylation. The antimicrobial evaluation was tested by the broth microdilution method. Among all the prepared compounds, 5a (from the 5-sulfonamide series) was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, while also showing important activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, and low toxicity against VERO cells. This suggests that the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at para-position of the N-aryl substituent is important for the activity. In addition, the prepared 5a nanoemulsion maintained the antifungal activity of the compound against Candida spp. The 7-amino series has also presented interesting results. In this series, 5i was the most potent compound. This suggests that the hydrophilic heterocyclic substituent at the 7-position was favorable to antifungal activity. The presence of the free hydroxyl at the 8-position is important for the antifungal activity, since the methyl-protected derivatives were poorly active. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives 5a and 5i may be considered for further studies in the search for novel antimicrobial agents.

A prospecção e síntese de novos derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina está em ascensão devido às suas diversas atividades biológicas. Neste trabalho é relatada a síntese e avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de novos derivados contendo uma sulfonamida substituída na posição 5 da 8-hidroxiquinolina ou um grupamento aminossubstituído na posição 7 da 5-cloro-8-hidroxiquinolina ou 5-cloro-8-metoxiquinolina. Os derivados 5-sulfonamidas foram preparados por clorossulfonação seguida da reação com a amina apropriada. Os derivados 7-aminossubstituído foram sintetizados através da metilação da hidroxila da posição 8, seguida da reação de cross-coupling catalisada por paládio e desmetilação. A avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana foi realizada através do método de microdiluição em caldo. Dentre os compostos sintetizados, 5a (da série 5-sulfonamidas) foi o mais potente, sendo ativo contra todas as espécies fúngicas testadas, além de apresentar importante atividade contra cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, e baixa toxicidade contra células VERO. Isso sugere que a introdução de um grupamento retirador de elétrons em para no substituinte arila da posição 5 é importante para a atividade antimicrobiana. Ainda, a nanoemulsão preparada contendo 5a manteve a atividade antifúngica da substância contra espécies de Candida spp. A série 7-aminossubstituído também apresentou resultados muito interessantes. Desta série, o composto 5i foi o mais potente. Isso sugere que grupamentos heterocíclicos hidrofílicos na posição 7 podem favorecer a atividade antifúngica. A presença da hidroxila livre na posição 8 parece ser essencial para a atividade antifúngica, pois os derivados protegidos por uma metila foram pouco ativos. Os derivados de 8-hidroxiquinolina 5a e 5i podem ser considerados para estudos posteriores na busca de novos agentes antimicrobianos. / The synthesis and screening of new 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives is growing, due to their various biological activities. In this work, the synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of new derivatives containing a substituted 5-sulfonamide in the 8-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted amino group at the 7-position of the 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline or 5-chloro-8-methoxyquinoline is reported. The 5-sulfonamide derivatives were prepared by chlorosulfonation followed by the reaction with the appropriate amine. The 7-amino derivatives were synthesized by methylation of the 8-hydroxyquinoline, followed by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and demethylation. The antimicrobial evaluation was tested by the broth microdilution method. Among all the prepared compounds, 5a (from the 5-sulfonamide series) was the most potent, being active against all the fungal species tested, while also showing important activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, and low toxicity against VERO cells. This suggests that the introduction of an electron-withdrawing group at para-position of the N-aryl substituent is important for the activity. In addition, the prepared 5a nanoemulsion maintained the antifungal activity of the compound against Candida spp. The 7-amino series has also presented interesting results. In this series, 5i was the most potent compound. This suggests that the hydrophilic heterocyclic substituent at the 7-position was favorable to antifungal activity. The presence of the free hydroxyl at the 8-position is important for the antifungal activity, since the methyl-protected derivatives were poorly active. The 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives 5a and 5i may be considered for further studies in the search for novel antimicrobial agents.

No description available.

Opioid analgesics have been a major contribution to pain therapy with opioids being used as an effective treatment for various recalcitrant pain conditions. The drug class has come under increased scrutiny due to the raising concerns about the public health crisis of opioid misuse and addiction, thereby increasing the need for alternative and safer analgesics. The exploration of alternative pharmacotherapy for pain management has led to an increasing paradigm shift towards the development of a single-drug-multiple-target approach that takes inspiration from numerous naturally occurring drugs. The mu-opioid receptor has been the primary target for the management of pain; however, the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.7 is gaining attention as a putative antinociceptive target based on human genetic evidence. The proposed research aims to develop multi-target directed ligands (MTDL) that modulates two key targets for pain perception, the MOR, and Nav1.7 to generate analgesics with reduced side effects and enhanced analgesia. This will be achieved by exploiting polypharmacology to develop hybrid analgesia in two ways: (i) performing structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies to design a single drug with two pharmacophores that specifically interacts with both the targets (ii) exploiting in silico techniques by performing structure-based virtual ligand screening (VLS) of a chemical library. In our work, we report that through SAR studies and molecular docking studies that the designed compounds having in combination the pharmacophore of PZM21 and aryl sulfonamide demonstrate significant interactions between the active compounds and both the MOR and Nav1.7 proteins. This study also reports the first ever bifunctional virtual ligand screening where a library consisting of over a million compounds was screened for bifunctional activity at the MOR and the Nav1.7 ion channel. We also report the development of a novel mechanism-specific membrane potential assay to that can be used to screen for subtype selective Nav1.7 inhibitors. The research performed in this thesis will serve as a platform to explore the possibility of MTDL as potential therapeutic solutions to diseases of complex etiologies such as chronic pain. It will also serve as a starting point to exploring bifunctional VLS as a way to screen large chemical libraries for MTDLs.

This diploma thesis focuses on the determination of sulfonamide antibiotics especially the possibility of elimination of these substances from the aquatic ecosystem. Nowadays, environmental contamination of the pharmaceuticals and their residues is a serious concern. Main sources of this contamination are wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where these compounds are not effectively removed by contemporary conventional technology. For this reason, new methods are being developed and tested that could eliminate the number of contaminants entering the environment in this way. There is a possibility to use the potential of the enzymatic system of wood-decay fungi, especially white rot fungi. Six representatives of sulfonamide antibiotics were selected and isolated from the aquatic matrix via solid phase extraction. The final identification and quantification method was high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Monitoring of the concentration level of selected sulfonamide antibiotics at the inflow and effluent at the Brno-Modřice WWTP was carried out weekly. Moreover, the effectiveness of elimination of selected antibiotics from the aquatic ecosystem by the use of Trametes versicolor wood-decay fungi cultured on a suitable carrier was verified.

This Thesis describes the synthesis and characterisation of sulfonamide supported titanium, zirconium and aluminium complexes and their use as ring opening polymerisation catalysts for ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. Chapter 1 introduces polyester use, development and characterisation in general. Metal catalysed ring opening polymerisation of cyclic esters is considered in a literature review of the field. Titanium, zirconium and aluminium complexes supported by polydentate sulfonamide ligands are also discussed. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis and characterisation of new sulfonamide supported titanium amide, isopropoxide and zirconium isopropoxide complexes. Their application as catalysts for the ring opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide is discussed and compared with known zirconium isopropoxide complexes supported by bis(phenolate) amine ligands. Chapter 3 describes the synthesis and characterisation of Cs symmetric titanium amide and alkoxide complexes supported by dianionic, tri- and tetradentate sulfonamide ligands. Zirconium alkyl and amide complexes supported by C3- symmetric trianionic ‘tren’ type ligands bearing three different sulfonamide groups are also presented. The application of these complexes for the ring opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide is described and compared with the complexes presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 4 provides an overview of the synthesis and characterisation of aluminium alkoxide and alkyl complexes supported by dianionic, tri- and tetradentate sulfonamide ligands. Solution state behaviour and solid state structures are presented and discussed. An assessment of these complexes for the ring opening polymerisation of rac-lactide is presented. Chapter 5 presents full experimental procedures and characterisation data for the new complexes reported. CD Appendix contains .cif files for all new crystallographically characterised complexes described, and additional polymerisation graphs.