Global ETD Search

191	Development of Calcium-Based Durable Sorbents with High Carbon Dioxide Uptake Efficiency at High Temperatures Lu, Hong 04 August 2009 (has links) No description available. Chemical Engineering Energy Environmental Engineering adsorption aerosol calcium oxide carbonation carbon capture carbon dioxide dopant durable sorbent flame synthesis global warming high temperature nanostructure organometallic precusor separation sorbent sulfation sulfur dioxide
192	Poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez em um município industrializado no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Air pollution and adverses pregnancy outcomes in an industrialized city in the state of Rio de Janeiro Reis, Marcelo Moreno dos 09 September 2009 (has links) INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos tem mostrado associação entre a poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez, como baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade e crescimento intra-uterino retardado. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação existente entre prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer e exposição materna aos contaminantes atmosféricos (partículas inaláveis, dióxido de enxofre e ozônio), no município de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Esta coorte histórica, de base populacional, foi composta por todos os nascidos vivos, de mães residentes em Volta Redonda, no período de 2003 a 2006. Os dados sobre nascimento foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados referentes à exposição foram fornecidos pelas estações automáticas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar, instaladas no município e controladas pela Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (FEEMA). Modelos de regressão logística e linear, ajustados para potenciais fatores de confusão, foram empregados para avaliar a contribuição da poluição do ar sobre o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional. RESULTADOS: O total de nascidos vivos no período estudo foi igual a 13.660 nascimentos. O peso médio (desvio padrão) dos recém-nascidos no período foi de 3162,2 g (561,8). O baixo peso ao nascer representou 9,1% dos nascimentos no período e os casos de prematuros foi equivalente a 7,4%. Após análises de regressão logística, seguindo modelos propostos e ajustes para os fatores de confusão identificados, foi observado aumento do risco de baixo ao nascer relacionado à exposição materna às partículas inaláveis durante os segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Também foi verificado aumento do risco de baixo peso ao nascer associado à exposição materna ao ozônio nos segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Com relação à prematuridade foi encontrado aumento no risco associado à exposição materna ao dióxido de enxofre durante os três trimestres de gestação. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo sugere que exposições a O3, SO2 e PM10, mesmo em concentrações ambientais abaixo dos padrões de qualidade do ar, contribuem para a ocorrência de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer no município de Volta Redonda. A pesquisa reforçou a necessidade de revisão dos padrões de qualidade do ar em vigência no Brasil, para a garantia da qualidade da saúde da população. / BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the association between outdoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, related to low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and intrauterine grow restriction (IUGR). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between low birth weight and preterm delivery and maternal exposure to specific outdoor air contaminants, particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) in Volta Redonda, an industrialized city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This population-based cohort study comprised all infants born to women resident in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period of 2003-2006. Birth data used in this retrospective study were obtained from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) of Brazilian Ministry of Health. Exposure information was provided by air quality monitoring system operated by Environmental Agency for the State of Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA). Logistic and linear models were employed to assess the contribution of air pollution to low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity. RESULTS: The study covered 13660 births occurred from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. The mean (SD) birth weight was 3162.2 g (561.8), and low birth weight represented 9.1% of all newborns. Prematurity was observed in 7.4% of all newborns. Adjusted relative risk for LBW showed that second and third trimesters maternal exposure to PM10 increased the risk for low birth weight, as well as exposure to O3 increased the risk for LBW in second and third trimesters. We observed a reduction in birth weight due to interquartile increase of O3 in third trimester of pregnancy. We also found dose response relationship between low birth weight and PM10 and O3 during the second and third trimester. In relation to preterm delivery we found an increased risk associated to maternal exposure to SO2 during all three trimesters, as well as we found dose relationships between prematurity and exposure to SO2 in each trimester. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposures to O3, SO2 and PM10, even below brazilian air quality standards, contribute to risks of low birth weight and preterm delivery, in the city of Volta Redonda/Brazil. The results highlight the need of revising air quality parameters to guarantee people health. Air pollution/adverse effects Dióxido de enxofre Environmental exposure Environmental health Exposição ambiental Exposição por inalação Fatores de risco Industrial pollution Inhalation exposure Low-birthweight ewborn Nascimento prematuro Ozone Ozônio Poluição do ar/efeitos adversos Poluição industrial Preterm birth Recém-nascido de baixo peso Risk factors Saúde ambiental Sulfur dioxide
193	Poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez em um município industrializado no estado do Rio de Janeiro / Air pollution and adverses pregnancy outcomes in an industrialized city in the state of Rio de Janeiro Marcelo Moreno dos Reis 09 September 2009 (has links) INTRODUÇÃO: Vários estudos tem mostrado associação entre a poluição atmosférica e efeitos adversos na gravidez, como baixo peso ao nascer, prematuridade e crescimento intra-uterino retardado. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação existente entre prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer e exposição materna aos contaminantes atmosféricos (partículas inaláveis, dióxido de enxofre e ozônio), no município de Volta Redonda, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Esta coorte histórica, de base populacional, foi composta por todos os nascidos vivos, de mães residentes em Volta Redonda, no período de 2003 a 2006. Os dados sobre nascimento foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC), do Ministério da Saúde. Os dados referentes à exposição foram fornecidos pelas estações automáticas de monitoramento da qualidade do ar, instaladas no município e controladas pela Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (FEEMA). Modelos de regressão logística e linear, ajustados para potenciais fatores de confusão, foram empregados para avaliar a contribuição da poluição do ar sobre o peso ao nascer e a idade gestacional. RESULTADOS: O total de nascidos vivos no período estudo foi igual a 13.660 nascimentos. O peso médio (desvio padrão) dos recém-nascidos no período foi de 3162,2 g (561,8). O baixo peso ao nascer representou 9,1% dos nascimentos no período e os casos de prematuros foi equivalente a 7,4%. Após análises de regressão logística, seguindo modelos propostos e ajustes para os fatores de confusão identificados, foi observado aumento do risco de baixo ao nascer relacionado à exposição materna às partículas inaláveis durante os segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Também foi verificado aumento do risco de baixo peso ao nascer associado à exposição materna ao ozônio nos segundo e terceiro trimestres de gestação. Com relação à prematuridade foi encontrado aumento no risco associado à exposição materna ao dióxido de enxofre durante os três trimestres de gestação. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo sugere que exposições a O3, SO2 e PM10, mesmo em concentrações ambientais abaixo dos padrões de qualidade do ar, contribuem para a ocorrência de prematuridade e baixo peso ao nascer no município de Volta Redonda. A pesquisa reforçou a necessidade de revisão dos padrões de qualidade do ar em vigência no Brasil, para a garantia da qualidade da saúde da população. / BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the association between outdoor air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes, related to low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and intrauterine grow restriction (IUGR). OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between low birth weight and preterm delivery and maternal exposure to specific outdoor air contaminants, particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) in Volta Redonda, an industrialized city in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: This population-based cohort study comprised all infants born to women resident in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in the period of 2003-2006. Birth data used in this retrospective study were obtained from the Information System on Live Births (SINASC) of Brazilian Ministry of Health. Exposure information was provided by air quality monitoring system operated by Environmental Agency for the State of Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA). Logistic and linear models were employed to assess the contribution of air pollution to low birth weight (LBW) and prematurity. RESULTS: The study covered 13660 births occurred from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2006. The mean (SD) birth weight was 3162.2 g (561.8), and low birth weight represented 9.1% of all newborns. Prematurity was observed in 7.4% of all newborns. Adjusted relative risk for LBW showed that second and third trimesters maternal exposure to PM10 increased the risk for low birth weight, as well as exposure to O3 increased the risk for LBW in second and third trimesters. We observed a reduction in birth weight due to interquartile increase of O3 in third trimester of pregnancy. We also found dose response relationship between low birth weight and PM10 and O3 during the second and third trimester. In relation to preterm delivery we found an increased risk associated to maternal exposure to SO2 during all three trimesters, as well as we found dose relationships between prematurity and exposure to SO2 in each trimester. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposures to O3, SO2 and PM10, even below brazilian air quality standards, contribute to risks of low birth weight and preterm delivery, in the city of Volta Redonda/Brazil. The results highlight the need of revising air quality parameters to guarantee people health. Dióxido de enxofre Exposição ambiental Exposição por inalação Fatores de risco Nascimento prematuro Ozônio Poluição do ar/efeitos adversos Poluição industrial Recém-nascido de baixo peso Saúde ambiental Air pollution/adverse effects Environmental exposure Environmental health Industrial pollution Inhalation exposure Low-birthweight ewborn Ozone Preterm birth Risk factors Sulfur dioxide
194	Intensificación del proceso de absorción de dióxido de azufre mediante contacto no dispersivo y líquidos iónicos. Luis Alconero, Patricia 06 July 2009 (has links) La intensificación de procesos consiste en el desarrollo de equipos y técnicas innovadoras que ofrecen mejoras sustanciales en el proceso, principalmente mediante la disminución del volumen del equipo, consumo de energía o generación de residuos, dando lugar a tecnologías más baratas, seguras y sostenibles. Esta tesis enfatiza la intensificación de procesos como estrategia en la recuperación de dióxido de azufre mediante el empleo de la tecnología de membranas y de líquidos iónicos como absorbente con objeto de eliminar las pérdidas de disolvente.La intensificación del proceso se lleva a cabo en dos etapas:i) Sustitución del equipo convencional (e.g. scrubbers) por un sistema de membranas para eliminar el arrastre de gotas y,ii) Sustitución del disolvente de absorción (N,N-dimetilanilina) por líquidos iónicos para eliminar pérdidas de disolvente por su volatilización en la corriente de gas debido a su presión de vapor despreciable. La selección de un líquido iónico adecuado se basa en su afinidad hacia dióxido de azufre, baja viscosidad, bajo coste y baja ecotoxicidad.En resumen, esta tesis es el primer trabajo que combina el empleo de un contactor de membranas de fibra hueca con líquidos iónicos, contribuyendo al desarrollo de procedimientos innovadores para intensificar el proceso de absorción de dióxido de azufre. / Process intensification consists of the development of innovative devices and techniques that offer significant improvements in chemical manufacturing and processing, decreasing substantially equipment volume, energy consumption, or wastes, and ultimately leading to cheaper, safer and sustainable technologies. This thesis emphasizes the process intensification as the strategy to the recovery of sulfur dioxide, according to the material efficiency and environmental protection, by means of technology based on membranes and ionic liquids as absorption solvents in order to avoid solvent losses.Process intensification is performed in two steps:i) Substitution of conventional equipment (e.g. scrubbers) for a membrane device to avoid drops dragging and,ii) Substitution of the absorption solvent (N,N-dimethylaniline) for ionic liquids to avoid solvent losses due to volatilization of solvent into the gas stream because of their negligible vapor pressure. Selection of a suitable ionic liquid is based on its affinity towards sulfur dioxide, low viscosity, low cost and low ecotoxicity.Thus, this thesis is the first work that combines a hollow fibre membrane contactor and ionic liquids, contributing to the development of innovative procedures to intensify the sulfur dioxide absorption process. ecotoxicity of ionic liquids modelling of mass transfer ionic liquids hollow fibre membrane contactor sulfur dioxide recovery ecotoxicidad de líquidos iónicos modelado de la transferencia de materia líquidos iónicos contactor de membranas de fibra hueca recuperación de dióxido de azufre Ingeniería Química 62
195	Sulfuric Acid: Its Potential for Improving Irrigation Water Quality Bohn, H. L., Westerman, R. L. 23 April 1971 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1971 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 22-23, 1971, Tempe, Arizona / The 2 major environmental problems of Arizona and the southwest are the alkalinization of soil and water by irrigation and air pollution from copper smelting. It is proposed that the amelioration of both problems may be solved through a common process. This is the production of sulfuric acid from sulfur dioxide, which is the main pollutant of smelter effluent gases. The conversion process is cheap and easy, and the sulfuric acid could then be added to irrigation waters to increase the solubility of CA carbonate in the soil, thereby decreasing alkalinity. Lower alkalinity results in increased soil permeability and increased water use efficiency by plants. The potential market for sulfuric acid in irrigation was calculated, on the basis of neutralizing 90% of the bicarbonate ion concentration in Colorado River water and Arizona well water, to be about 1.6 million tons annually, representing about 1/3 of the sulfur now dissipated by smelters as air pollution. This market includes both the Imperial Valley of California and the Mexicali Valley of Mexico, both of which are currently experiencing mounting salinity problems. Salinity itself is not amenable to this treatment, but the cumulative increase in NA and bicarbonate may be slowed and reversed, leading to gradual soil stabilization. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Alkaline soils Air pollution Sulfur compounds Irrigation water Arid lands Southwest U.S. Colorado River Groundwater Economic feasibility Arizona Sodium Bicarbonates Carbonates Sulfur Calcium Soil chemical properties Water quality Ion exchange Sulfuric acid Sulfur dioxide
196	Electron Transfer and Other Reactions Using Atomic Metal Anions Butson, Jeffery M. 04 February 2014 (has links) The atomic metal anions Rb-, Cs-, Cu-, Ag- and Fe- have been generated in the gas phase and reacted with various neutral reactants in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The metal anions were formed via electrospray ionization of the metal-oxalate solutions and form in gas phase between the capillary and the first quadrupole. Neutral gas phase reactants investigated include NO, NO2, SO2, C6F5OH, C6F5NH2, C6F6, E-octafluoro-butene and 1,2,3/1,2,4/1,3,5 trifluoro-benzene. When possible, CBS-4M methods were used to suggest the lowest energy products based on relative energy. Observed reactions of atomic metal anions with the aforementioned neutral species include electron transfer and dissociative electron transfer to the neutral gas phase reactants. In addition, hydrogen abstraction and fluorine abstraction forming a neutral metal hydride or fluoride as well as the formation of multiply substituted metal-oxide/fluoride anions was also observed. Metal-complex anions observed from the gas phase reactions include CuF-,CuF2-,CuO-,CuO2-, FeO-, FeO2-, FeO3-, FeF-, FeF2-, FeF3-, CsF- and CsF2-. Metal Anion Metal Anion Atomic Atomic Metal Anion Atomic Metals Atomic Metal Anions Anions Metals Mass Spectrometer Triple Quadrupole Rb Cs Fe Cu Ag Cs- Rb- Fe- Cu- Ag- pentafluoroaniline pentafluorophenol nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide nitrogen monoxide oxygen oxalic oxalic acid gas phase electrospray ionization electrospray ionization electro-spray ionization electro-spray hexafluorobenzene 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene fluorine E-octafluoro-butene octafluoro-butene octafluoro butene CBS-4M abstraction hydrogen abstraction fluorine abstraction hydride fluoride metal hydride metal fluoride caesium fluoride rubidium fluoride iron fluride copper fluoride rubidium caesium iron copper silver iron anion copper anion rubidium anion caesium anion silver anion cesium cesium anion atomic caesium anion atomic cesium anion atomic rubidium anion atomic iron anion atomic copper anion atomic silver anion 1,2,3 trifluorobenzene 1,2,4 trifluorobenzene 1,3,5 trifluorobenzene copper fluoride anion iron fluoride anion copper difluoride copper difluoride anion iron difluoride iron difluoride anion iron trifluoride iron trifluoride anion cesium fluoride cesium fluoride anion caesium difluoride anion caesium difluoride cesium difluoride cesium difluoride anion caesium fluoride anion nitrogen monoxide anion sulfur dioxide anion nitrogen dioxide anion copper oxide copper oxide anion copper dioxide copper dioxide anion iron oxide iron oxide anion iron dioxide iron dioxide anion iron trioxide iron trioxide anion electron transfer
197	Electron Transfer and Other Reactions Using Atomic Metal Anions Butson, Jeffery M. January 2014 (has links) The atomic metal anions Rb-, Cs-, Cu-, Ag- and Fe- have been generated in the gas phase and reacted with various neutral reactants in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The metal anions were formed via electrospray ionization of the metal-oxalate solutions and form in gas phase between the capillary and the first quadrupole. Neutral gas phase reactants investigated include NO, NO2, SO2, C6F5OH, C6F5NH2, C6F6, E-octafluoro-butene and 1,2,3/1,2,4/1,3,5 trifluoro-benzene. When possible, CBS-4M methods were used to suggest the lowest energy products based on relative energy. Observed reactions of atomic metal anions with the aforementioned neutral species include electron transfer and dissociative electron transfer to the neutral gas phase reactants. In addition, hydrogen abstraction and fluorine abstraction forming a neutral metal hydride or fluoride as well as the formation of multiply substituted metal-oxide/fluoride anions was also observed. Metal-complex anions observed from the gas phase reactions include CuF-,CuF2-,CuO-,CuO2-, FeO-, FeO2-, FeO3-, FeF-, FeF2-, FeF3-, CsF- and CsF2-. Metal Anion Metal Anion Atomic Atomic Metal Anion Atomic Metals Atomic Metal Anions Anions Metals Mass Spectrometer Triple Quadrupole Rb Cs Fe Cu Ag Cs- Rb- Fe- Cu- Ag- pentafluoroaniline pentafluorophenol nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide nitrogen monoxide oxygen oxalic oxalic acid gas phase electrospray ionization electrospray ionization electro-spray ionization electro-spray hexafluorobenzene 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene fluorine E-octafluoro-butene octafluoro-butene octafluoro butene CBS-4M abstraction hydrogen abstraction fluorine abstraction hydride fluoride metal hydride metal fluoride caesium fluoride rubidium fluoride iron fluride copper fluoride rubidium caesium iron copper silver iron anion copper anion rubidium anion caesium anion silver anion cesium cesium anion atomic caesium anion atomic cesium anion atomic rubidium anion atomic iron anion atomic copper anion atomic silver anion 1,2,3 trifluorobenzene 1,2,4 trifluorobenzene 1,3,5 trifluorobenzene copper fluoride anion iron fluoride anion copper difluoride copper difluoride anion iron difluoride iron difluoride anion iron trifluoride iron trifluoride anion cesium fluoride cesium fluoride anion caesium difluoride anion caesium difluoride cesium difluoride cesium difluoride anion caesium fluoride anion nitrogen monoxide anion sulfur dioxide anion nitrogen dioxide anion copper oxide copper oxide anion copper dioxide copper dioxide anion iron oxide iron oxide anion iron dioxide iron dioxide anion iron trioxide iron trioxide anion electron transfer

Page generated in 0.0553 seconds