4 pp. / Summer cover crops can add nitrogen to the soil, build up and maintain soil organic matter, suppress pest populations, mitigate soil erosion, and reduce nutrient leaching when they are used in Arizona vegetable systems. However, careful management is required since cover crops can modify the availability of soil nitrogen and other critical nutrients. The ratio between carbon to nitrogen (C:N) in decomposing cover crop biomass is a critical indicator of the overall process of breakdown and eventual release of nutrients. This article introduces five cover crops that could improve vegetable systems in Arizona. The mixtures of a legume and a non-legume cover crop species can also be planted to obtain desired C:N ratios to optimize the benefits of cover crops.

Nations have always competed vigorously during the bidding process to host mega sporting events. The selection of the host nation is a much anticipated decision that results in the promotion of a country on a global platform. In this paper, I use a market adjusted return (index) model to conduct an event study in order to examine abnormal returns in the stock market surrounding the selection of a nation for the Summer Olympics and the FIFA World Cup. I also focus specifically on the construction and industrial sectors, as well as analyze the impact of selection on the nation emerging as the runner up in the bidding process. The research finds that the outcome of the selection process is partially anticipated by investors, resulting in a market reaction that does not accurately measure the financial impact of hosting the event. As developing nations have demonstrated an increased interest in the hosting of events over the years, this paper also addresses the resulting policy implications, as well as the opportunity cost and the economic effects of crowding out and substitution.

Runkelinis nematodas (Heterodera schachtii) yra polifagas, t.y. turi labai daug augalų šeimininkų. Remiantis literatūros šaltiniais, augalais šeimininkais šiam patogenui gali būti apie 218 augalų rūšių priklausančių 98 gentims. H.schachtii yra vienas labiausiai augalui kenkiančių parazitinių nematodų Europos šalyse (Williamson, Hussey, 1996; Greco, Esmenjaud, 2004; Peterka et al., 2004) ir būtent šis nematodas buvo pirmas patogeninis nematodas, atpažintas cukriniuose runkeliuose (Cooke, 1993). Jis paplitęs visame pasaulyje ir daug cistinių nematodų rūšių patenka į “Schachtii” grupę, kurioje yra apie 20 rūšių (Evans, Rowe, 1998). Visos tirtos vasarinio rapso veislės ‚Ural‘, ‚Terra‘, ‚SW Savan‘, ‚Sponsor‘, ‚SW Landmark‘, ‚Heros‘, ‚Griffin‘, ‚Campino‘, ‚Ability‘ atsparumo H.schachtii patogenui neparodė, tačiau dvi iš jų ‚Liaison‘ ir ‚Maskot‘ buvo patikimai mažiau jautrios patogenui nei kitos. Heterodera schachtii cistų turinys esmingai priklausė nuo vasarinio rapso veislės. Vasarinio rapso veislės ‚SW Savan‘, ‚Griffin‘ ir ‚Ural‘ yra patikimai jautresnės H.schachtii nei likusios tirtos vasarinio rapso veislės vertinant pagal suformuotų cistų turinį. Mažiausias Heterodera schachtii reprodukcijos greitis buvo nustatytas vasarinio rapso veislėse ‚Maskot‘ (0,8), ‚Liaison‘ (0,8) ir ‚Terra‘ (0,9). Šiose veislėse reprodukcijos greičio koeficientas buvo mažesnis už vienetą, tai rodo, kad H.schachtii populiacija neprogresavo. Tačiau nustatyti reprodukcijos greičio koeficiento skirtumai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Beet nematode Heterodera schachtii is polyphagous i.e. it has a lot of host plants. According to literature sources, host plants for this pathogen may be about 218 plants species witch belong to 98 genera. Heterodera schachtii is one of the most harmful parasitical nematodes for plants in European countries (Williamson, Hussey, 1996; Greco, Esmenjaud, 2004; Peterka and others, 2004) and exactly this nematode was the first pathogenic nematode identified in sugar beets (Cooke, 1993). It is distributed worldwide and a lot of cystic nematodes species are included in “Schachtii” group which has about 20 species (Evans, Rowe, 1998). All of investigated summer rape varieties ‘Ural’, ‘Terra’ , ,SW Savan‘, ‘Sponsor‘, ‘SW Landmark‘, ‘Heros‘, ‘Griffin‘, ‘Campino‘, ‘Ability‘ did not show resistance to Heterodera Schachtii pathogen, but two varieties ‘Liaison‘ and ‘Maskot‘ were significantly less susceptible to pathogen than others. The content of Heterodera schachtii cysts was essentially dependent on the variety of summer rape. Summer rape varieties ‘SW Savan’, ‘Griffin’ and ‘Ural’ is significantly more susceptible for Heterodera schachtii in terms of the establishment of cyst contents than the rest investigated summer rape varieties. The lowest Heterodera schachtii reproduction rate has been identified in ’Maskot’ (0.8), ‘Liaison’ (0.8) and ‘Terra’ (0.9) summer rape varieties. In these varieties reproduction rate ratio was less than one and this indicates that Heterodera schachtii... [to full text]

The idea of home, the ownership of property, and the impact of the home on the moral character and identity of its inhabitants were important concepts in the late nineteenth century. These views were perpetuated by a wide range of supporters including writers, religious leaders, social reformers, politicians. Architects and developers became aware of these ideas and capitalized on the hopes and dreams of middle-class North America by designing, marketing and building the right kind of houses, but perhaps more importantly, by building them in the right location which most often meant the suburban areas around major cities. Architect and writer Franklin Townsend Lent (1855-1919) is but one of many architects practicing in North America who appreciated the contemporary consumers’ sensibilities, and their attachment to their homes. Not only did Lent understand the importance of the concept of home, he was able to develop a design vocabulary that drew on the contemporary fascination with the American colonial period. In addition, he appreciated the consumer’s desire for a beautiful home in the suburbs, and took advantage of this in his work in New Jersey notably on the development of a suburban neighbourhood called Roosevelt Manor. Lent contributed to the built environment by designing and building many suburban houses, island and seaside cottages, and other structures. He also wrote three books and several pamphlets that provide an understanding of his personal contribution to architecture in suburban American, and to the early development of resort architecture in the Thousand Island region of Upstate New York and Ontario, an area that has received very little scholarly attention. This paper will focus on the domestic architecture of Lent in an attempt to construct an understanding of this unique contribution in the context of late nineteenth century and early twentieth century society by examining his published architectural writings, his advertisements, and some representative houses that he designed and built in the United States and Canada. / Thesis (Master, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2012-10-12 14:16:06.91

This thesis reports a study of the impact of work placements on the transferable skills of engineering students. The thesis provides a review of the theoretical and empirical literature in the field of student work placements and transferable skills and provides a discussion of the measurement of impact in this field. It also describes the design of the study, methods of data collection and the data analyses used. The research project was carried out at Loughborough University from 2005 – 2008. The data was collected from 247 students and 5 DIS (Diploma in Industrial Studies) tutors from three engineering departments (Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering and the Institute of Polymer Technology and Materials Engineering (IPTME)) and 26 line managers from 19 different companies which take students on placements. The results shows that the overwhelming majority of the students valued work placements as a way of developing transferable skills and identified the transferable skills which work placements were most likely and least likely to develop. There was close agreement on these matters between students who had experienced placements and those that had not. All DIS tutors and 87% of the line managers interviewed considered that a work placement had a very strong or strong impact upon the transferable skills of the students. Triangulation of the responses by students, tutors and line managers revealed close agreement on these matters. Students, tutors and line managers had mixed opinions whether work placements would improve degree results. In fact, work placement students performed significantly better in degree examinations than non work placement students. The tutors and line managers stressed particularly that work placements increased the confidence and maturity of the students. They suggested holiday work, summer work, team based projects as a part of the University degree courses as alternative ways of helping the students who are not doing work placements to acquire and improve their transferable skills, although they did not think that these suggested alternatives will be as effective as the one year placement. They considered that the duration of the work experience period is a key factor in improving transferable skills.

Almost one-half of the annual precipitation in the southwestern United States occurs during the North American monsoon (NAM). Given favorable synoptic-scale conditions, organized monsoon thunderstorms may affect relatively large geographic areas. Through an objective analysis of atmospheric reanalysis and observational data, the dominant synoptic patterns associated with NAM extreme events are determined for the period from 1993 to 2010. Thermodynamically favorable extreme-weather-event days are selected on the basis of atmospheric instability and precipitable water vapor from Tucson, Arizona, rawinsonde data. The atmospheric circulation patterns at 500 hPa associated with the extreme events are objectively characterized using principal component analysis. The first two dominant modes of 500-hPa geopotential-height anomalies of the severe-weather-event days correspond to type-I and type-II severe-weather-event patterns previously subjectively identified by Maddox et al. These patterns reflect a positioning of the monsoon ridge to the north and east or north and west, respectively, from its position in the "Four Corners" region during the period of the climatological maximum of monsoon precipitation from mid-July to mid-August. An hourly radar gauge precipitation product shows evidence of organized, westward-propagating convection in Arizona during the type-I and type-II severe weather events. This new methodological approach for objectively identifying severe weather events may be easily adapted to inform operational forecasting or analysis of gridded climate data.

Aus täglichen Analysen des sommerlichen zonalen Grundwindes im Mesopausenbereich, der am Observatorium Collm der Universität Leipzig gemessen wurde, werden niederfrequente Variationen im Zeitbereich planetarer Wellen (10 - 20 Tage) bestimmt. Obwohl die direkte Ausbreitung derartiger Wellen durch die stratosphärischen und mesosphärischen Ostwinde verhindert wird, werden in manchen Jahren trotzdem Oszillationen gemessen, die mit planetaren Wellen im Zusammenhang stehen können. Dies unterstützt die Theorie, daß sich planetare Wellen von der Winterhalbkugel entlang der Zonen schwachen Windes bis in die Mesopausenregion mittlerer und polarer Breiten ausbreiten. Betrachtet man die interanuelle Variabilität dieser Wellen, fällt eine Abhängigkeit von der äquatorialen quasi 2-jährigen Schwingung (QBO) auf, wobei während der Ostphase der QBO die Wellenaktivität gering ist, während sie in der Westphase der QBO stärker sein kann. Der Einfluß der QBO auf die sommerliche Wellenaktivität wird vom 11-jährigen Sonnenfleckenzyklus moduliert, wobei während des solaren Maximums stärkere Aktivität zu verzeichnen ist. / From daily estimates of the summer mesopause region zonal prevailing wind measured at the Collm Observatory of the University of Leipzig long-term variations in the period range of planetary waves (10-20 days) are detected. Although the direct propagation of these waves from lower layers into the mesosphere is not possible because of the wave filtering in the summer stratospheric and mesospheric easterlies, in some years oscillations are found that can be connected with planetary waves, supporting the theory of the propagation of these waves from the equatorial region to the midlatitude and polar upper mesosphere along the zero wind line. The interannual variability of these waves shows a dependence on the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), so that in general during the east phase of the QBO the planetary wave activity is small, while during the QBO west phase it can be larger. The influence of the QBO on the planetary wave activity is modulated by the I I-year solar cycle, so that the strongest signal is found during solar maximum.

The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is a high-dimensional and highly complex phenomenon affecting more than one fifth of the world population. The intraseasonal component of the ASM undergoes periods of active and break phases associated respectively with enhanced and reduced rainfall over the Indian subcontinent and surroundings. In this thesis the nonlinear nature of the intraseasonal monsoon variability is investigated using the leading Empirical Orthogonal Functions of ERA-40 sea level pressure reanalyses field over the ASM region. The probability density function is then computed in spherical coordinates using the Epaneshnikov kernel method. Three significant modes are identified. They represent respectively (i) the East - West mode with above normal sea level pressure over East China sea and below normal pressure over Himalayas, (ii) the mode with above normal sea level pressure over East China sea (without compensating centre of opposite sign as in (i)) and (iii) the mode with below normal sea level pressure over East China sea (same as (ii) but with opposite sign). The relationship with large-scale forcing is also investigated by stratifying the PCs according to representing indices. The regimes derived from spherical PDFs appear to be opposite under opposite large-scale conditions. EOF technique with...

This thesis is devoted to leisure time during interwar time (1918-1938). The main interest concentrates on phenomenon of visiting summer apartments and his character, perception in society and specific relationship to leisure time. Summer apartments were symbol of good status and were very popular among the middle class, but thesis is also dedicated to tramping and beginning of living at the cottage because of specific atmosphere of Czechoslovak republic in 1918-1938. Keywords: Lifestyle, leisure time, summer apartments, tramping, living at the cottage

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis analyzes the relationship between entry-level variables available to the Office of Admissions and plebe summer attrition at the United States Naval Academy (USNA). The study used independent samples t-tests and linear regression analysis to analyze the effects of individual variables on plebe summer attrition and also used binary logistic regression to develop an overall predictive model of plebe summer attrition. Analysis was conducted on the USNA classes that completed plebe summer from 1995-2002 (N = 9,554). The results of this study indicate the highest plebe summer attrition is attributed to majority females, females in general and midshipmen who exceed the limits of the height/weight table and are not recruited athletes. The lowest plebe summer attrition rates are found among children of service academy graduates, recruited varsity athletes, summer seminar attendees, minority males and older midshipmen. This study summarizes the results and also offers recommendations to the Naval Academy and for future research. / Lieutenant, United States Navy