The mention of the term “summer camp” often brings to mind cabins nestled in the woods, cool lakes, warm campfires and children having fun as they swim, paddle and play. At traditional residential camps children are imagined to revel in their freedom, overcome challenges, make long lasting friendships and develop into skilled and competent young people. How much of this imagery, however, is based upon a societal discourse constructed by adult values? How often do the actual experiences match these ideals? This study explores the issue of adult driven discourses surrounding the experience of camp by comparing the perspective of camp directors with the description of one of the author’s own childhood experiences. Using narrative techniques, the author composed two distinct descriptions of the camp experience including programmatic, social and emotional elements. The comparison of these two narratives revealed the possibility for distinct differences between the adult perception of the experience and how it may actually be experienced by a child. The areas of difference centred around both social and programming elements of camp participation which, when considered together, suggest the need for children to adjust to a distinctly different social setting in order to achieve the positive experiences reflected in our cultural conceptualization of summer camp.

A quantitative research study was conducted with teenagers attending Bandina Christian Youth Camp for one week in the summer of 2008. Students were divided into two groups; a control group and an intervention group. All participants were given a Self- Reflective Survey immediately prior to and following the week of summer camp. In addition to the pre- and post- Self-Reflective Surveys, the intervention group was required to complete Gallup's StrengthsQuest assessment (to determine his/her five greatest strengths) and e-mail those findings to this researcher before the first camp session. Once at camp, the intervention group participated in a five day Faith Based Strengths Training class one hour a day. The intervention group recognized and identified all 34 strengths, learned the uniqueness of his/her top five strengths, identified and related to famous individuals and their strengths and explored optimal career fields that best correlated to the participants' top five strengths. Strengths Training proved to be an effective tool in changing the intervention group's self confidence, sense of direction and his or her personal desire to learn more about Strengths collectively with a .03 p at an alpha level of .05. Youth based national organizations such as Boys & Girls Club, Boys Scouts, Girl Scouts, 4-H, Fellowship of Christian Athletes (FCA) and others could greatly enhance their programs by incorporating Strengths Training into their curriculum, as Strengths Training builds on the development of core values, positive self image and character development that all of these national organizations strive to provide the youth of today. The summer camp experience offers a distinct opportunity for learning and exploration. This unique educational atmosphere sets up a positive cognitive environment where youth are typically more receptive to learning new concepts and ideas. The intervention group outcomes for this quantitative research study resulted in a positive outcome with only five hours of training. This infers a positive impact to not only the Y generation, but future generations to come and raises the need for more research in how these youth based national organizations can not only implement Strengths Training into their existing programs but network Strengths Training.

The NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is situated along the east coast of central Florida, where a high frequency of lightning occurs annually. Although cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning forecasting using radar echoes has been thoroughly analyzed, few studies have examined intracloud (IC) and/or total (IC CG) lightning. In addition to CG lightning, IC flashes are of great concern to KSC launch operations. Four years (2006-2009) of summer (June, July, August) daytime (about 14-00 Z) Weather Surveillance Radar – 1988 Doppler data for Melbourne, FL were analyzed. Convective cells were tracked using a modified version of the Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT) algorithm and then correlated to CG lightning data from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), as well as grouped IC flash data acquired from the KSC Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) networks I and II. Pairs of reflectivity values (30, 35, and 40 dBZ) at isothermal levels (-10, -15, -20 and updraft -10 degrees C), as well as a vertically integrated ice (VII) product were used to optimize criteria for radar-based forecasting of both IC and CG lightning within storms. Results indicate that the best radar-derived predictor of CG lightning according to CSI was 25 dBZ at -20 degrees C, while the best reflectivity at isothermal predictor for IC was 25 dBZ at -15 degrees C. Meanwhile, the best VII predictor of CG lightning was the 30th percentile (0.840 kg m-2), while the best VII predictor of IC was the 5th percentile (0.143 kg m-2), or nearly 6 times lower than for CG! VII at both CG and IC initiation was higher than at both CG and IC cessation. VII was also found to be lower at IC occurrence, including at initiation, than at CG occurrence. Seventy-six percent of cells had IC initiation before CG initiation; using the first IC flash as a predictor of CG occurrence also statistically outperformed other predictors of CG lightning. Even though average lead time for using IC as a predictor of CG was only 2.4 minutes, when taking into account automation processing and radar scan time for the other methods, lead times are much more comparable.

In this study, energy conservation potential of appropriate passive cooling and basic heat avoidance strategies were investigated for hot and humid climates. Within this framework, thermal behavior of a case study building that is situated in Cyprus was assessed by collecting temperature and relative humidity data from various rooms of the building during certain days in August. Then, by using feasible simulation strategies of the software tool Summer-Building, the effectiveness of passive cooling measures in reducing energy consumption were examined, for summer months. In this context, the case study building was re-evaluated by applying natural ventilation, night ventilation and ground cooling strategies as well as solar control and shading devices as overhangs and side fins. Consequently, based on the results of the evaluation model, it was found that the proposed passive cooling strategies and basic heat avoidance concepts could provide more than 50 % energy conservation, relative to the completely air conditioned reference building, between 1-15 August 2007.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media & Philosophy, Department of Critical and Cultural Studies, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 310-325.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Graduate School of Business, August 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

This paper is written to take a close look at teaching methods used at the Summer Academy (SHS), which is held at Södertörns Högskola in Stockholm. SHS is a subdivision of the institution of teaching education, which annually, during summertime, offers an eight-day program for pupils between 13-15 years of age, from different schools located in socio-economically disadvantaged suburbs of Stockholm. The intention of SHS is to give the participating pupils an insight into higher education, especially that of university. The purpose of the activities, such as field trips, guided tours and corporate visits, is to make pupils aware of their own responsibility for their educational situation through different methods of knowledge transfer, to diversify the means of the education, and to bring awareness to the array of possibilities which they have access to within the Swedish system of tertiary education. The study is based on six deep-interviews, three with pupils and three with student mentors. Together with 131 surveys from the course given during the summer of 2014, and theories of John Dewey on “Learning-by-doing”, the results show that pupils participation in SHS give them a better understanding for, and knowledge about their own educational responsibility. Another question this paper seeks to address is how significantly the SHS program is changing the pupil’s experience of education in general and their view upon higher education specifically. Throughout this process, the aim is that the pupils will have gained a deeper understanding for the differences in educational form, the pupils own responsibility for shaping their future and how they themselves can take charge of their educational choices. After having participated in the SHS program, the pupils have made mature and insightful choices for their future education, where an academic choice is closer to hand than prior to the program.

No description available.

There are presented the following parts in the final master diploma work: introduction, 5 chapters, conslusions and list of literature. Total coverage of diploma work - 68 pages, including 59 pictures and 6 charts. There are presented sources or 24 information. The goal of diploma work - to range of the insert of the summer barley and winter wheat seeds with disc seeding maschine ploughshares in difeferently cultivated soils.

Kompleksinis sunkiųjų metalų poveikis vasariniams miežiams (Hordeum vulgare L., veislė ‘Aura DS’). Tyrimo objektas vasariniai miežiai (Hordeum vulgare L., veislė ‘Aura DS’). Tyrimams šie augalai buvo pasirinkti dėl jų gero daigumo ir greito augimo. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas, yra įvertinti sunkiųjų metalų (Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr) kompleksinį poveikį vasarinių miežių augimui ir nustatyti sąveikos tarp jų tipą. Tiriamas darbas buvo atliekamas dviem etapais. Pirmiausia tiriamas diferencijuotas (pavienis) Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr poveikis vasariniams miežiams (nustatytos EC50 koncentracijos pagal sausos biomasės sumažėjimą lyginant su kontrole intervale nuo 40 iki 60 % : Cd-10,4; Cu-2,6; Ni-10,84; Zn-160; Pb-66,9 ir Cr-14,51 µM). Koncentracijos kompleksiniams tyrimams pasirinktos atskirai įvertinus diferencijuotą poveikį vasarinių miežių sausai biomasei. Kompleksinis tyrimas atliktas tik su dvigubomis (Cd, Cu Ni, Zn, Pb ir Cr) metalų sąveikomis. Kompleksinio tyrimo tirpalus sudarė du atskiri metalai, kurių koncentracijos buvo perpus mažesnės EC50 reikšmėms. Lyginant tarpusavyje EC50 (vieno metalo) ir 0,5xEC50 (dviejų komplekse esančių metalų) poveikių rezultatus, nustatyti galimi sąveikos tarp metalų tipai: antagonizmas, sinergizmas ir suminė sąveika. Sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos buvo parenkamos juos dedant į mitybinį tirpalą, t.y. kontrolė ir atitinkamas kiekis metalo druskų. Kontrolę sudarė: 0,4 mM CaCl2, 0,65 mM KNO3, 0,25 mM MgCl2•6H2O, 0,01 mM (NH4)2SO4, 0,04 mM NH4NO3... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Integrated heavy metals impact on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The object of the research is summer barely (Hordeum vulgare L., breed “Aura DS”). These plants were chosen for the research for their good germination rate and quick growing. The aim of the research work is to evaluate the complex effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr) on the growth of summer barely and to determine the type of the interaction between these metals. The research work was done in two stages. At first, the differentiated (discrete) effect of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr on growth of summer barley was investigated (EC50 concentrations were assessed depending on the reduction of dry biomass compared with control in the interval of 40 – 60%: Cd-10,4; Cu-2,6; Ni-10,84; Zn-160; Pb-66,9 and Cr-14,51 µM). Concentrations for complex research of heavy metals were chosen after differentiated effect of these metals on the dry biomass of summer barley was evaluated separately. Complex research was made only with dual interactions of these (Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb and Cr) metals. The solutions for complex research were made of two separate metals, and the concentrations of these metals were a half EC50 values. The types of possible interactions between these heavy metals were determined when the results of EC50 (one metal) and 0,5xEC50 (two metals in complex) effects were compared: antagonism, synergy and total interaction. Selected concentrations of heavy metals were put in the nutritional solution... [to full text]