Submitted by MARCELA PEDRAZA CARRILLO null (mah_pedraza@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-19T00:58:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoMarcelaCarrillo com ficha.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-19T19:02:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 carrillo_mp_me_bot.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T19:02:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carrillo_mp_me_bot.pdf: 1590219 bytes, checksum: 89c344a9a0005bf13c8a544bf46f7c6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar o efeito de suplementação de zinco, na alimentação de inverno das abelhas, e seus reflexos na glândula hipofaringeana (GH) e conteúdo proteico da geleia real. Para isto, foram utilizadas 12 colmeias (03 colmeias por tratamento) distribuídas de forma aleatória nos seguintes tratamentos: Controle (sem suplementação de Zn), T1 com suplementação de 0,5 mg mL-1 de Zn; T2 com suplementação de 1,0 mg mL-1 de Zn e, T3 com suplementação de 1,5 mg mL-1 de Zn. A fonte de zinco utilizada foi Sulfato de Zinco heptahidratado (20% de zinco), diluído em xarope de açúcar, e fornecido a cada 07 dias para os enxames (500 mL). Para a morfometria da glândula, foram coletadas 20 abelhas de cada tratamento com seis dias de idade (previamente marcadas na região do pronoto), nos meses de junho e julho. As lâminas foram processadas em cortes de resina e analisadas utilizando o software de análise de imagem Leica Qwin Plus®. Mensalmente, foi estimulada a produção de geleia real e a concentração de proteínas totais determinada de acordo com o método do Biureto, sendo posteriormente realizadas as separações eletroforéticas em corrida de primeira e segunda dimensão. Os géis obtidos foram escaneados e as imagens analisadas, utilizando- se o programa Image Master Platinum 7.0. Após calculou-se o número de spots protéicos para cada tratamento. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados por ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a suplementação com o mineral Zn promoveu, em um primeiro momento, maior desenvolvimento da GH em todos os tratamentos; entretanto, este efeito desapareceu nos meses seguintes, sugerindo modulação na fisiologia ou toxicidade deste mineral para as abelhas. Com relação ao extrato protéico da geleia real, observou-se maior valor no mês julho para o T3. Por outro lado, o número de spots protéicos foi significativamente maior em todos os meses e tratamentos, em relação ao controle. Conclui-se que o zinco pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da glândula hipofaringeana e enriquecimento protéico da geleia real. / The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation in the winter feeding of bees, and the reflection on hipofaringeana gland (GH) and protein content protein in royal jelly. For this, 12 hives were selected (03 hives for treatment) randomly distributed in the following treatments: control (no supplemental Zn), T1 supplemented with 0.5 mg mL-1 Zn; T2 supplemented with 1.0 mg mL-1 of Zn and T3 supplemented with 1.5 mg mL-1 of Zn. The zinc used was zinc sulfate heptahydrate (20% zinc), diluted in sugar syrup, every 07 days for hives (500ml). For morphometry of the gland were collected 20 bees for treatment with six days of age (previously marked on the pronotum region) in the months of june and july. The laminae were processed in resin cuts and analyzed using image analysis software Leica Qwin Plus®. The royal jelly was stimulated your production monthly in the treatments and full protein concentration determined according to the Biuret method, and subsequently electrophoretic separations performed in the first run and the second dimension. The obtained gels were scanned and the images analyzed using the Image Master Platinum 7.0 software. After it was calculated that the number of protein spots for each treatment. The results were compared by ANOVA followed by Tukey test (P <0.05). It was found that supplementation with mineral Zn promoted in the first moment, more development of GH in all treatments; however, this effect disappeared with the passing of months, suggesting modulation in physiology or toxicity of this mineral for the bees. With regard to the protein extract of royal jelly, the higher value was observed in the month July for the T3. Moreover, the number of protein spots was significantly higher in every month and treatments compared to control. It is concluded that zinc can contribute to the development of hipofaringeana gland and protein enrichment of royal jelly. / FAPESP: 2014/14699-9 / CNPq: 161981/2014-3

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Animal and Wildlife Sciences / unrestricted

Background: In addition to a diet including fortified dietary staples, the use of prenatal multivitamin supplements among women has been shown, in some cases, to lead to excessive micronutrient intake levels for nutrients such as folic acid (FA). It was therefore hypothesized that prenatal vitamin supplementation, in addition to a standard Canadian diet, would place pregnant Canadians at risk for excessive FA intake. With little available research on the potential negative impact of excess FA intake in pregnancy, it was further proposed that high concentrations of FA may adversely affect placental health and function. Thus, the aim of the current study was three-fold: 1) To determine micronutrient intake in a large Canadian cohort of pregnant women; 2) To determine the extent to which FA intake in this cohort may exceed the tolerable upper intake level (UL) after prenatal supplementation; and 3) To determine the effects of excessive FA exposure on placental health and function in vitro. Methodology: Second trimester 3-day food records of pregnant women (N=216) were analyzed for micronutrient intake using ESHA Food ProcessorTM. Nutrient intake values were compared to established Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) values. In a series of experiments, the effects of exogenous folic acid (2-4000 ng/ml) on placental health and function were examined in two placental cell lines [HTR-8/SVneo (N=3) and BeWo (N=3)], and a human placenta explant model (N=6). Following a 48-hour incubation period, the effects of excessive folic acid exposure on placenta cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis were determined, along with evaluation of placenta cell function via cell invasion and B-hCG hormone release assays. Results: Through dietary sources alone, most pregnant women studied were consuming adequate levels of most micronutrients. However the majority of examined women (>50%) demonstrated a risk of dietary inadequacy for vitamin D, vitamin E, folate, and iron. In the examined cohort, 83% of study participants reported prenatal supplement usage. In vitro exposure of human placenta cells and explants to excessive FA concentrations resulted in no significant differences in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, or B-hCG hormone production. However, decreased cell viability was observed in BeWo cells at increased FA concentrations (200-2000 ng/mL). Conclusion: Food sources alone do not appear to provide women in Canada with adequate intake of all micronutrients recommended for a healthy pregnancy. Though a prenatal supplement containing FA may be necessary for most women, current FA levels in many prenatal supplements may lead to excessive FA intake above the established UL. Yet, as measured in this study, high FA concentrations do not seem to adversely affect most primary indicators of placental cell health or function.

Title: The effect of citrulline and citrulline malate supplementation on selected physiological indicators - review study. Objectives: Systematic findings overview of the effect of citrulline and citrulline malate on healthy individual's locomotor system and other physiological indicators. Methods: The study is designed as a findings overview. Electronic databases pubmed.com and ukaz.cuni.cz were used as an information source. "Citrulline" or "citrulline malate" and "exercise performance" and "randomized controlled trial" keywords were used for the information search. Results: Eighteen studies and 307 individuals are included in the overview. Studies are categorized according to duration and type of supplementation substance. Four studies agree on the strength improvement after acute use of citrulline malate. Four studies agree on endurance improvement in case of citrulline long term use. Three studies conclude on pain mitigation in case of substance use 24, 48 and 72 hours after training. Also, studies agree on increase of the levels of citrulline, arginine and ornithine plasmatic concentration after use of citrulline and citrulline malate. Three studies indicate possible fatigue decrease during the training in case of use of citrulline. Conclusion: Use of citrulline and citrulline malate can be...

Lactic acid bacteria are natural habitants of human gastrointectinal tract. Among the most important are bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and genus Bifidobacterium that contain a lot of probiotic species. Probiotic species are used as food supplements. This work was focused on DNA separation from crude cell lysates of 4 food supplements using magnetic carrier P(HEMA-co-GMA) covered by carboxyl groups. DNA was reversible adsorbed to the carriers in the presence of PEG 6000 (16%) and NaCl (2 M) (final concentrations) and eluted into TE buffer. Lysis of cells from food supplements was performed by lysozyme, SDS and proteinase K. The amount of lysozyme was optimalized. Concentration of separated DNA was measured by spectrophotometric method. The amount of isolated DNA was suitable for PCR. Isolated DNA was used for PCR with universal primers, PCR specific for genus Lactobacillus and genus Bifidobacterium and for 9 different species-specific PCRs: Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei/paracasei, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium infantis. Amplicons were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis (1,8%). It was shown that DNA amplification methods are quick and precise for identification of studied species. The results of bacteria identification were compared with data provided by the manufacturer. In all food supplements, bacteria of genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were detected. However, only some species provided by manufacturer were identified by PCR in each tablet.

Ninety Merino ewes, divided into three equal groups, were kept on natural highveld grazing for 42 weeks. Group M received a mineral supplement continuously, averaging 28 g per day. The other groups received commercial protein supplements, group RDP a mainly rumen degradable supplement and group RUP, a mainly rumen undegradable supplement. These supplements had crude protein (CP) levels of 29% and 28% respectively and were supplied at strategic times during the reproductive cycle, at 250 g per ewe per day for 14 days before mating, at 350 g per ewe per day for 42 days, starting 21 days before lambing and at 500 g per ewe per day for 56 days, starting 21 days after lambing. Grazing was randomized to minimize differences in nutrition and parasite challenge, and had an average CP of 8.8%. Lambing rates were: RUP 96%, RDP 89% and M 76%. Lamb survival rates at 11 and 17 weeks post lambing were 75%&63% for RUP, 64%&57% for RDP and 55% and 48% for M respectively (P< 0.05). Wool production parameters were similar for all groups, as were mean faecal egg counts: 685 (RUP), 371 (RDP) and 465 (M). Body weights, body condition scores and FAMACHA scores were also similar for all three groups. Income per ewe, calculated at 11 and 17 weeks post lambing, was highest for RUP at R147.80&R132.87, lowest for M at R117.86&R111.13, and in between for RDP (R129.85&R121.38). However, the gross margin was the highest for M at both points (R114.35&R107.77) compared to RUP (R70.43&R54.93 – P < 0.03&P < 0.008 respectively), as well as RDP (R82.96&R74.12). Strategic supplementation with protein improved performance but the additional income was not sufficient to cover feed costs under prevailing conditions and neither supplement could therefore be economically justified. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

Masters of Science / Health authorities around the world, including stringent ones, struggle to regulate dietary supplements. Health claims and actual effects of these products on users therefore are not adequately studied and monitored. In Gaborone, there has been a notable rise in the presence of these products in health stores, retail pharmacies, and gyms. The purpose of this study is to explore the prevalence of use and consumer perception of dietary supplements in the fitness community of Gaborone, Botswana

The use of dietary supplements occurs in the majority of American adults >20 years old and has been reported to be on the rise by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. People are not only taking more dietary supplements, but taking them without the advice of a health care provider. With the lack of education time and focus on this topic, physicians need to know some evidence regarding the most common supplements used, how to understand dietary supplement labels, and where to find reputable information about dietary supplements. Vitamin D, Omega-3, and Glucosamine/ Chondroitin are reviewed here. Also, a description of the various components of a dietary supplement label is explained. Finally, a brief description of independent companies (Consumerlabs.com®, US Pharmacopedial Convention, Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database, and Natural Standard) as well as the federally run Office of Dietary Supplements are presented.

Many dietary supplements being promoted for weight loss contain caffeine-or ephedra-related alkaloids to increase energy and suppress appetite. People may be unaware that supplements can contain caffeine, even if caffeine is not listed as an ingredient. Commonly used herbal dietary supplement ingredients, such as guarana, are natural sources of caffeine. Additions of these natural sources of caffeine to dietary supplements have increased in recent years. We describe a case of possible caffeine-induced seizure in a patient taking an over-the-counter weight loss supplement. A previously healthy 38-year-old female experienced blurring of vision and a new onset grand mal seizure. The patient had a 2-month history of taking the dietary supplement, Zantrex-3™. Zantrex-3™ is advertised as a weight loss supplement, which may provide rapid weight loss and extreme energy in one "power packed pill." Zantrex-3™ is a proprietary blend containing niacin, caffeine, and various herbs. After presenting to the hospital emergency room, the patient's chemistry panel, with the exception of potassium (2.9 mEq/L), was within normal limits. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was unremarkable. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed possible atrophy in the right frontal lobe. Findings from follow-up MRI and EEG ordered as an outpatient were within normal limits. After discontinuation of Zantrex-3™, the patient has experienced no further seizure activity.

No description available.