As organizações estão cada vez mais dependentes das suas cadeias de suprimentos. Devido à globalização e outros fatores, as cadeias de suprimentos podem se tornar bastante complexas, e existem riscos internos e externos que podem afetar as cadeias de suprimentos das mais diversas formas. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi levantar conceitos e métodos que possam facilitar a gestão de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos, através de estudos exploratórios na literatura, gerando resultados de relevância gerencial. O método se baseou em uma revisão de literatura e análise dos resultados. Como resultado da análise apresentada foi possível contribuir com a literatura da seguinte forma: (i) consolidação de definições de gestão de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos (GRCS); (ii) consolidação de um conjunto de fases que compreendem a gestão de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos em fases ou subprocessos; (iii) estruturação de um procedimento, em nível conceitual, que permita orientar a análise de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos, pela ótica do desempenho; (iv) proposição de uma Estrutura Analítica de Riscos (EAR) para GRCS que possa servir de inspiração para as análises de gestão de riscos em empresas ou para uso em pesquisas da área. / Organizations are increasingly dependent on their supply chains. Due to globalization and other factors, supply chains may become quite complex, and there are internal and external risks that may affect supply chains in many different ways. The general objective of this work was to erect concepts and methods that may facilitate the management of risks in the supply chain, through exploratory studies in the literature, generating results of managerial relevance. The method was based on a literature review and analysis of these results. As a result of the analysis presented it was possible to contribute to the literature as follows: (i) consolidation of definitions on Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM); (ii) consolidation of a set of phases that comprise the Supply Chain Risk Management in phases or subprocesses; (iii) structuring of a procedure, at a conceptual level, so as to steer risk analysis in the supply chain, based on the perspective of performance; (iv) proposal of a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) for SCRM that may serve as inspiration for the Supply Chain Risk Management in companies or for use in research area.

Supply chains have become increasingly unstable due to unanticipated disruptive events, which undermines a firm's capacity to achieve a competitive market advantage and increase profitability. The disruption of a supply chain is essential to supply chain managers, as the interruption can be expensive, and the goods and services lost can negatively affect the entire supply chain. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies that manufacturing firm managers use to mitigate supply chain disruptions to remain profitable. The population consisted of 4 supply chain managers from 2 manufacturing firms located in the southern region of eastern Virginia. The conceptual framework for this study was the contingency theory of fit. Data were collected from semistructured interviews, company documents, and publicly available information. Based on the thematic data analysis, 3 emergent themes developed as collaboration and information sharing, information technology and supply chain risk, and use of multiple suppliers. The implications for positive social change include potential increased employment opportunities and salaries, investments in community projects, and enhanced consumer spending in the local community, thereby raising the standard of living and social well-being of local community residents.

Background: Globalization has resulted in a more interconnected world than ever before. Global supply chains are a phenomenon which has led corporations to rely on a network of suppliers in various parts of the world. Such global reliance brings benefits but also exposes organizations to an elevated level of risks. The covid 19 pandemic boosted the digital transformation in societies which put a lot of stress on the already strained semiconductor supply chain. Markets are currently facing supply shortages of semiconductors which leads to adverse impacts on company's operations. Purpose: The purpose is to develop the knowledge and develop patterns and trends regarding how Swedish companies handle disruptions stemming from the semiconductor crisis. Method: By engaging in a comprehensive analysis and gathering of previous literature in the field it will provide a theoretical ground for the research. Thereafter, an empirical data collection in the form of interviews with representatives from the industries in question, has been conducted to provide insights and knowledge regarding the issue. The interview data has then been synthesized and analysed to spot patterns. Conclusion: The results show that the issue is complex, companies may have different abilities and possibilities to impact the situation. Although closer communication with the supply chain,Isac Pihl, Jonathan Lind & Simon Henkow Ulf Linnman2022-05-19shortage”, “SCRM process”, “Crisis management”.Date:Key terms: “Supply chain risk management”, “Global supply chains”, “Semiconductor2engaging in supplier development, stockpiling inventory, utilizing the open market to acquire semiconductors (SPOT market), and quickly adapt to the changing conditions can be concluded to be the most common patterns spotted

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / A risk can be described as a situation that can negatively affect the development of an activity and the people involved that. In this sense, risk management is used to achieve a reduction or elimination of risk. The objective of the investigation was to determine factors that caused the low value of crop yield in a Peruvian banana supply chain. The research applied House of Risk (HOR) model to determine risk event and associated causes. As a result, strategies were proposed to mitigate the occurrence of risks in the company.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第20874号 / 経博第569号 / 新制||経||284(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 原 良憲, 准教授 菊谷 達弥, 准教授 秋田 祐哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Low volume high value (LVHV) supply chains such as airline manufacturing, power plant construction, and shipbuilding are especially susceptible to risks. These industries are characterized by long lead times and a limited number of suppliers that have both the technical know-how and manufacturing capabilities to deliver the requisite goods and services. Disruptions within the supply chain are common and can cause significant and costly delays. Although supply chain risk management and supply chain reliability are topics that have been studied extensively, most research in these areas focus on high vol- ume supply chains and few studies proactively identify risks. In this research, we develop methodologies to proactively and quantitatively identify and mitigate supply chain risks within LVHV supply chains. First, we propose a framework to model the supply chain system using fault-tree analysis based on the bill of material of the product being sourced. Next, we put forward a set of mathematical optimization models to proactively identify, mitigate, and resource at-risk suppliers in a LVHV supply chain with consideration for a firm’s budgetary constraints. Lastly, we propose a machine learning methodology to quan- tify the risk of an individual procurement using multiple logistic regression and industry available data, which can be used as the primary input to the fault tree when analyzing overall supply chain system risk. Altogether, the novel approaches proposed within this dissertation provide a set of tools for industry practitioners to predict supply chain risks, optimally choose which risks to mitigate, and make better informed decisions with respect to supplier selection and risk mitigation while avoiding costly delays due to disruptions in LVHV supply chains.

Yes / In the broad sphere of Operations Management, Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is a significant area of interest for both academics and practitioners. As SCRM has transitioned from an emerging topic to a growing research area, there is a need to review existing literature in order to ascertain development in this area. There are many literature reviews on this topic, however, there is a lack of an extensive review using network analysis and meta-analysis within SCRM context including ripple effect. To address this gap, we performed a review of 2564 articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals from 1976 to December 2018. First, we apply a network analysis tool on 2564 articles and identify emerging research clusters. Second, to conduct meta-analysis, we collated empirical results from the studies identified. Of those 2564 articles, 42 studies were empirical in nature including 29 studies that used a range of different constructs with appropriate correlation values required for performing meta-analysis. Through this study, we contribute to the literature on SCRM by discussing the challenges of current research, but more importantly, by identifying and proposing five research clusters and future research directions. Finally, the paper acknowledges the theoretical contribution, the limitations of this study, and suggests further research directions.

Multiple research projects are proposed that utilize low-level knowledge of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) design processes to enable additional research avenues. In order to accomplish these projects, Tools for Open Reconfigurable Computing (TORC) is utilized to provide a robust environment for circuit analysis and modifications. These projects rely on looking at the low-level constructs of the internals of these microchips. Through this knowledge, techniques for performing supply chain evaluations are proposed utilizing a non-binary comparison of multiple characteristic vectors between different FPGA manufacturing lots, and FPGAs that have been exposed to different environmental conditions. Second, techniques are proposed that look at design recovery by performing fuzzy segmentation and fuzzy matching algorithms to a problem area that has traditionally focused on exact graph sub-isomorphism solutions. Through these projects, additional research vectors are opened to protect and analyze the engineering efforts that are exerted in the design of FPGA and ASIC projects. / Ph. D.

Die Supply Chain von Algen in Indonesien, insbesondere Karrageen und Agarprodukte, ist mit Störungen innerhalb der Unternehmen und in externen Netzwerken konfrontiert wie z. B. Quantität, Qualität, Preis und Infrastruktur. Sobald eine Störung in einem Teil der Supply Chain auftritt, kann diese die gesamte Wertschöpfungskette beeinflussen. Um eine nachhaltige Algenindustrie sicher zu stellen, bedarf es einer langzeitigen Planung. Hierbei kann das Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) helfen. SCRM umfasst vier kritische Stufen: Identifikation der Algen-Supply Chains, Identifikation und Kategorisierung der Risiken, Einschätzen der Risiken und Vermeidung der Risiken. Um die Algen-Supply Chains zu identifizieren, wurden Feldforschung, Tiefeninterviews und Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt. Die Feldstudie wurde in den Provinzen Süd-Sulawesi, West-Java, Ost-Java, Banten und West-Nusa Tenggara durchgeführt. Anschließend wurden die Algen-Supply Chains mit der Software Umberto NXT Universal 7.0 modelliert, um ein besseres Verständnis von den Material- und Energieflüssen zwischen den Hauptakteuren zu erhalten. Um die Risiken zu identifizieren und zu kategorisieren wurden Literaturrecherchen durchgeführt und die Delphi Methode angewandt, um potentielle Quellen der Risiken, ihre Gründe und ihre Effekte zu analysieren. Zur Einschätzung der Risiken wurde ein semi-quantitativer Ansatz gewählt, welcher auf Face-to-face Interviews zurückgreift. Dementsprechend wurde eine Risikokarte erstellt, welche die Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Effekte von ungünstigen Ereignissen widerspiegelt. Basierend auf den vorherigen Ergebnissen wurde die Intensität der Risiken in die folgenden fünf Kategorien unterteilt: vernachlässigbare, geringe, kritische, sehr kritische und katastrophale Risiken. Drei alternative Strategien zur Vermeidung der Risiken werden vorgeschlagen: der Bau einer kleinen Algen-Fabrik, große Algen-Herstellung und industrielle Algen-Cluster, welche direkt am Algenanbau angegliedert sein müssen. Um die Strategien zu bewerten wurde die Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) angewandt, welche der multikriteriellen Entscheidungsanalyse zuzurechnen ist. Die Vermeidungsstrategien berücksichtigen  Nachhaltigkeitskriterien (Ökologie, Wirtschaft, Soziales) und Risikokriterien. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Algen-Supply Chains mit vertikaler Kooperation, aus Algen-Lieferanten (Farmer, lokale Händler, Großhändler und Exporteure) und Algen-Herstellern (Carrageen- und Agarunternehmen) bestehen. Die meisten Algen-Farmer sind unabhängige Farmer, die die Möglichkeit haben die Algen entweder an lokale Händler oder andere je nach Präferenz verkaufen können. Lokale Händler spielen eine entscheidende Rolle hinsichtlich der finanziellen Unterstützung der Farmer, der technischen Informationen und des Marktzugangs. Indonesische Carrageen- und Agarhersteller weisen ein kontinuierliches Marktwachstum auf, insbesondere als Familienunternehmen. Die Risiken der Algen-Supply Chain werden in zwei Hauptkategorien unterteilt: interne und externe Risiken. Interne Risiken werden weiterhin in zwei Gruppen untergliedert: interne Unternehmensrisiken, welche aus Prozess- und Steuerungsrisiken bestehen, sowie externe Unternehmensrisiken, die Supply- und Nachfragerisiken umfassen. Externe Supply Chain Risiken, die aus externen Netzwerkketten resultieren, sind Risiken hinsichtlich regulatorischer Fragen, der Finanzierung, Infrastruktur als auch soziale und umweltbezogene Risiken. Als kritischstes Risiko für die Carrageen-Supply Chain wurde die mangelnde Qualität von E.cottonii rohgetrockneten Algen identifiziert. Weitere kritische Risiken der Agar-Supply Chain sind Quantitätsunsicherheiten, die Knappheit von Gracilaria roh getrockneten Algen sowie negative Umweltauswirkungen des Abwassers. Aus  der Fallstudie zu halb-raffinierten Karrageen resultierte das Clustern von Algen-Verarbeitungsbetrieben als ist die beste Risikovermeidungsstrategie sowohl für große als auch kleine Unternehmen. Nichtsdestotrotz kann sich das Clustern negativ auf die lokale Umwelt auswirken.

Covid-19 pandemin är en enorm hälsokris som kom att påverka hela världen och har fått större konsekvenser än andra kriser. En trend som innefattar mer risker för Supply Chain är att fler företag väljer att outsourca produktionen, vilket skapar känsligare Supply Chains eftersom de blir längre och därmed mer komplexa. Den osäkra omvärlden sätter hög press på utveckling och anpassning av Supply Chains, vilket har blivit högst aktuellt eftersom trender kommer och går, kriser sker allt oftare och det har blivit tuffare att skapa konkurrensfördelar. För att snabbt kunna anpassa kedjan till eventuella avvikelser eller störningar är hanteringen av risker inom fordonsindustrin extremt viktig. Syftet med studien är att studera hur stora svenska företag inom fordonsindustrin har påverkats av Covid-19 pandemin. Även vilka Supply Chain Risk Management åtgärder som fordonsföretagen har vidtagit för att vara motståndskraftiga under pandemin har analyserats. I denna undersökning genomfördes en flerfallstudie i och med att företagen och dess kontext spelade roll för att besvara syftet. Studien antar en kvalitativ studie där ett abduktivt angreppssätt har använts. Vidare har sex semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts, vilka samlades in genom både ett snöbollsurval och ett målstyrt urval. I studien kan man dra tydliga slutsatser att samtliga företag i stor utsträckning under Covid-19 utnyttjat dual eller multiple sourcing som ett sätt att säkra upp leveranser och undvika störningar. En majoritet av företagen har prioriterat att bygga upp djupare relationer och har utvecklat partnerskapen med deras leverantörer under pandemin, vidare satte de även högre press på leverantörerna och förväntade sig mer av dem. Pandemin har även medfört en utökning av säkerhetslagret för att säkra upp, speciellt för kritiska komponenter. Sammanfattningsvis är det troligt att det från och med nu och framöver kommer vara mycket resurser som läggs på SCRM och att detta område kommer få större betydelse för dessa företag framåt. Företag som ej anpassar sig med exempelvis agila arbetssätt, relationsbyggande och tar dessa risker på allvar kommer stå inför stora ekonomiska och organisatoriska utmaningar. / The Covid-19 pandemic is a huge health crisis that affected the whole world and has had greater consequences than other crises. A trend that includes more risks for Supply Chain is that more companies choose to outsource production, which creates more sensitive Supply Chains because they become longer and thus more complex. The uncertain world is putting a lot of pressure on the development and adaptation of Supply Chains, which has become highly topical as trends come and go, crises occur more and more often, and it has become tougher to create competitive advantages. To be able to quickly adapt the chain to any deviations or disruptions, the management of risks in the automotive industry is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to study how large Swedish companies in the automotive industry have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. The Supply Chain Risk Management measures that vehicle companies have taken to be resilient during the pandemic have also been analyzed. In this study, a multiple case study was conducted since the companies and their context played a role in answering the purpose. The study assumes a qualitative study where an abductive approach has been used. Furthermore, six semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were collected through both a snowball selection and a goal-directed selection. Clear conclusions that can be drawn in this study is that all companies to a large extent used dual or multiple sourcing to secure deliveries and avoid disruptions during the pandemic. Many companies have prioritized relationship building and the development of partnerships as the most important parts of their outsourcing work during the pandemic as well. One can also see a result that companies have put higher pressure and expected more from their suppliers and at the same time increased their security stock. In summary, it can be said that it probably coincides that from now onwards a lot of resources will be invested in SCRM and this area will have a significant share for these companies. Companies that do not adapt with, for example, agile working methods, relationship building and taking the risks seriously will face major financial and organizational challenges.