This thesis analyses the potential of a complex adaptive systems (CASs) approach based on system dynamics modelling (SDM) to add value to the currently used assessment tools and monitoring practices for tourism sustainability in an effort to advance sustainable development in tourism destinations. While many different concepts and tools for the assessment of sustainability have developed, most of them do not take the complexity and dynamics of tourism destinations into account. It is argued in this thesis that these linear tools need to be complemented with new approaches that can deal with uncertainty, non-linearity and unexpected changes. New knowledge from ecosystem research, which is derived from complex systems theory, suggests that tourism destinations are indeed social-ecological systems, which need to be viewed and studied as CASs. In recent years tourism researchers have acknowledged the necessity to view tourism as a system with interconnected elements, and have discussed the unpredictability of these tourism systems. CASs approaches, which have been successfully applied by ecologists and economists in other areas, are indicated for tourism management, but have been rarely used in order to promote sustainable tourism development and planning. Appropriate methodologies and frameworks for the implementation of CASs approaches into the tourism context are still lacking. Therefore this thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges as follows: • A critical review of the concepts and tools currently used for the advancement and assessment of sustainability in tourism destinations is presented. The review evaluates the suitability of assessment tools for specific sites and situations, and develops guidelines for tool selection. It is concluded that for particular purposes linear assessment tools need to be combined or complemented with tools that can deal with complexity and dynamics. Tools covered include sustainability indicators, environmental impact assessment, life cycle assessment, environmental audits, ecological footprints, multi-criteria analysis and adaptive environmental assessment. • The use of sustainability indicator as one of the most promoted assessment tools for sustainable development in tourism destination is explored further. A systemic indicator system (SIS) methodology based on a CASs approach as an alternative to linear assessments is developed. This methodology is tested using a case study of a holiday eco-village near Lamington National Park in Queensland. The research findings suggest that the SIS has the potential to enhance system understanding and adaptive management of tourism destinations, and can foster collective learning processes amongst stakeholders. • A framework is developed for a Learning Tourism Destination (LTD) based on the concept of the Learning Organisation, and using SDM as a tool for strategic planning and the promotion of organisational learning. The concept of the LTD is discussed on the basis of 6 case studies, where SDM has been applied primarily for predictive reasons, and through evaluation of the potential of SDM as a tool for the implementation and enhancement of collective learning processes. The results reveal that SDM is capable of promoting communication between stakeholders and stimulating organisational learning. It is argued that the effectiveness of SDM may be greatly increased through incorporation in the foundation of an LTD. • A practical approach for the implementation of an LTD is presented. Preliminary results from a case study undertaken at the Ningaloo Coast in Western Australia are discussed. Surveys were conducted to verify if the LTD forms a useful framework for fostering consensus building, dialogue and collective learning processes amongst stakeholders. The preliminary results of the study suggest that the implementation of an LTD on the Ningaloo Coast will improve the capacity of the local industry to take more responsibility for the sustainable development, and thus has the potential to enable a more effective transition to sustainability in the region. Through its multi-methodological approach, this thesis demonstrates the importance of considering tourism destinations as CASs. New concepts and assessment tools for sustainable tourism are needed that acknowledge the complex and dynamic nature of tourism and tourism development. Together, the SIS methodology and the LTD framework provide an initial platform from which to conduct further research.

This thesis analyses the potential of a complex adaptive systems (CASs) approach based on system dynamics modelling (SDM) to add value to the currently used assessment tools and monitoring practices for tourism sustainability in an effort to advance sustainable development in tourism destinations. While many different concepts and tools for the assessment of sustainability have developed, most of them do not take the complexity and dynamics of tourism destinations into account. It is argued in this thesis that these linear tools need to be complemented with new approaches that can deal with uncertainty, non-linearity and unexpected changes. New knowledge from ecosystem research, which is derived from complex systems theory, suggests that tourism destinations are indeed social-ecological systems, which need to be viewed and studied as CASs. In recent years tourism researchers have acknowledged the necessity to view tourism as a system with interconnected elements, and have discussed the unpredictability of these tourism systems. CASs approaches, which have been successfully applied by ecologists and economists in other areas, are indicated for tourism management, but have been rarely used in order to promote sustainable tourism development and planning. Appropriate methodologies and frameworks for the implementation of CASs approaches into the tourism context are still lacking. Therefore this thesis addresses the aforementioned challenges as follows: • A critical review of the concepts and tools currently used for the advancement and assessment of sustainability in tourism destinations is presented. The review evaluates the suitability of assessment tools for specific sites and situations, and develops guidelines for tool selection. It is concluded that for particular purposes linear assessment tools need to be combined or complemented with tools that can deal with complexity and dynamics. Tools covered include sustainability indicators, environmental impact assessment, life cycle assessment, environmental audits, ecological footprints, multi-criteria analysis and adaptive environmental assessment. • The use of sustainability indicator as one of the most promoted assessment tools for sustainable development in tourism destination is explored further. A systemic indicator system (SIS) methodology based on a CASs approach as an alternative to linear assessments is developed. This methodology is tested using a case study of a holiday eco-village near Lamington National Park in Queensland. The research findings suggest that the SIS has the potential to enhance system understanding and adaptive management of tourism destinations, and can foster collective learning processes amongst stakeholders. • A framework is developed for a Learning Tourism Destination (LTD) based on the concept of the Learning Organisation, and using SDM as a tool for strategic planning and the promotion of organisational learning. The concept of the LTD is discussed on the basis of 6 case studies, where SDM has been applied primarily for predictive reasons, and through evaluation of the potential of SDM as a tool for the implementation and enhancement of collective learning processes. The results reveal that SDM is capable of promoting communication between stakeholders and stimulating organisational learning. It is argued that the effectiveness of SDM may be greatly increased through incorporation in the foundation of an LTD. • A practical approach for the implementation of an LTD is presented. Preliminary results from a case study undertaken at the Ningaloo Coast in Western Australia are discussed. Surveys were conducted to verify if the LTD forms a useful framework for fostering consensus building, dialogue and collective learning processes amongst stakeholders. The preliminary results of the study suggest that the implementation of an LTD on the Ningaloo Coast will improve the capacity of the local industry to take more responsibility for the sustainable development, and thus has the potential to enable a more effective transition to sustainability in the region. Through its multi-methodological approach, this thesis demonstrates the importance of considering tourism destinations as CASs. New concepts and assessment tools for sustainable tourism are needed that acknowledge the complex and dynamic nature of tourism and tourism development. Together, the SIS methodology and the LTD framework provide an initial platform from which to conduct further research.

Sustainable development is now being recognised as a vital component of our society in the environmental, ethical, social, technological, economic, and institutional aspects, or dimensions, so, this thesis develops a framework to quantitatively measure sustainability. This thesis is distinctive in that it focuses on quantitative methods encapsulated in a formal assessment procedure and includes sustainability concepts that have rarely been put into practical use in sustainability reports. The framework is designed along the strategy that the methodology needs to be scale invariant and recursive, meaning the procedure is the same irrespective of the scale the user is interested in, and that different people can focus at different levels of sustainability by following a similar procedure. While the quantification process is aimed to be as unbiased as possible, a configuration of the tools from Total Quality Management (TQM) is adapted to identify sustainability indicators which are then mapped onto a scalar with mathematical functions. The sustainability indices are presented according to the amount of details needed by different users ─ some may need just one overall figure while others may need sustainability indices broken down by the six sustainability dimensions and presented on a spider diagram, while others may need all the details for analysis. This methodology also caters for sustainability analysis by different stakeholders. To fully demonstrate the potential of the methodology, the author has chosen to test it on a large-size industry sector so that it can have the capacity to be scaled up to a country or down to a small business, and on an industry sector that is important on its own right. Furthermore, this sector needs to be illustrative and has nontrivial complex problems. Under these criteria, the electricity sector of New Zealand was selected. The robustness of the methodology was investigated with inputs from three evaluators with different views: a standard view from the author that was made after much research in the sector and in the concepts of sustainability, a view with an environmental bias and one that focuses on commercial interests.

This study begins with a review of the concept of sustainability and sustainability indicators in the context of the pig and poultry industries in Santa Catarina State (SC), in Southern Brazil, and proposes an approach to the development of sustainability indicators for these industries. A review of the background and current situation of the pig and poultry industries in SC revealed that they are well organised into vertically integrated production systems and are regarded as being very competitive in world markets from technical and economic points of view. In 2002, SC produced 24% of total pork and 20% of total chicken production in Brazil in 2002, but this State has an area of only 95,000 km2, which amounts to just 1.1% of the country. SC also contributed 66% of pork exports and 54% of poultry exports from Brazil in 2002. So far the pig and poultry industries in SC have developed successfully, but recent changes towards more intensive production methods have resulted in much concern being expressed by the community, as the environmental impact of waste produced in the region has increased. The review of literature showed that in order to be sustainable, the pig and poultry industries in SC should acknowledge the concept of the “triple bottom line” and the principles of ecologically sustainable development. These include (i) biophysical or environmental sustainability, (ii) economic viability and (iii) social sustainability as criteria to guide industry development. The sustainability of the pig and poultry industries is influenced by local, regional, national and global factors which operate on several scales, and which in turn, indicate the need to use a multi-dimensional approach, combining environmental, economic, and social attributes. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods and was completed in four phases. In the first phase, an electronic survey of 205 stakeholders (complemented by 60 interviews with farmers) was undertaken to identify their views and perceptions of what sustainability meant to them. The survey was also designed to obtain stakeholders’ views on a suggested list of sustainability indicators. In Phase 2, the findings of the e-survey were discussed with panels of key industry stakeholders in 4 focus group discussions with of 47 participants to develop the list of indicators. In the third phase, a streamlined Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was conducted, to quantify the flows of materials, energy and of natural resource uses and to assess environmental impact. Finally, in Phase 4, stakeholder feedback was sought in 9 meetings to discuss and refine preliminary results and conclusions from the previous three phases of work. In the LCA the environmental burdens produced by typical intensive pig and poultry production systems were quantified and the contribution to each of nine selected environmental effects was estimated. The functional units (FU) were 1 tonne of live weight (LW) of pigs and 1 tonne of LW of chickens delivered to the gate of the abattoir. The boundaries of the systems analysed included the processes of producing fertilisers, feed products (maize and soybeans), energy, fuel, pesticides, production of rations, production of pigs and chickens and transportation required during all stages until the pigs and chickens are delivered to the abattoir. Data were collected from a variety of sources, including pig and poultry industry operators, research institutions, and agribusiness analysts from SC, as well as publicly available databases. Identified environmental hotspots in pig production were greenhouse gas emissions, acidification, and eutrophication, particularly from ration production and waste management. Environmental hotspots for poultry production reflect the high use of energy and pesticides, particularly associated with ration production from soybeans. The study concluded that although economic performance is competitive in world markets, most producers were operating outside the boundaries of sustainability because of inadequate waste management and excessive waste produced in a small geographical area, beyond the assimilation capacity of the local environment. This also causes other environmental effects (such as offensive odours, and increased numbers of blackflies, and houseflies), which were not quantified in the LCA study, but which were regarded as very important issues by stakeholders in the survey and focus group discussions. While comparing the overall environmental impact of producing 1 FU of pigs and poultry, this study concluded that under current production systems, pigs cause 68% greater impact than chickens. The key indicators proposed to assess the sustainability of the pig and poultry industries in SC were grouped into physical or environmental, economic, and social indicators. For physical and environmental indicators, monitoring the natural resource condition is the key indicator and requires measurement of attributes such as manure load per area of land and nutrient balance (P and K), soil condition, water use and water quality, agricultural plant species diversity, impact on native vegetation, and chemical residues in products. Among the economic indicators, long-term real net farm income and the industries’ overall competitiveness in national and international markets are key indicators. Attributes to measure these indicators are real net farm income, cost of production, farmer’s terms of trade, total factor productivity, and disposable income per farm household. Other farm level technical indicators which influence the economic outcome, such as feed conversion and productivity indices for pigs and poultry, also need to be monitored. For social indicators, the age structure and gender balance of the agricultural workforce, farmers’ managerial skills and level of training, as well as access to basic services, such as health, education, communications, and electricity in rural communities, are the key sustainability indicators. This study made four main contributions to knowledge: (a) the views and perceptions about sustainability among pig and poultry stakeholders were identified; (b) the environmental impacts of pig and poultry production were quantified and compared; (c) a set of key sustainability indicators for the pig and poultry industries was developed and validated; and (d) a framework for change towards sustainability and policy guidelines were suggested. The overall conclusion of the study is that, to be sustainable, the pig and poultry industries need to adjust their management practices, policies, and development strategies to incorporate the principles of ecologically sustainable development. Feeding strategies and methods of grain production have much influence on the key points of environmental impact, such as global warming, pesticides, and energy consumption. Waste management, however, has the greatest local impact, because of water and soil pollution and reduction in the quality of life due to offensive odours, blackflies, and houseflies. Sustainability indicators can thus assist to drive the industries to adopt improvements in the production systems to achieve better environmental performance. Although the findings of this study are confined to SC, the principles are generally applicable to other similar livestock industries in other places. The main justification for conducting this study rests on the increasing demands by the government, community and industry stakeholders for initiatives to reduce the impact of the pig and poultry production on the environment, while maintaining and enhancing its economic competitiveness in global markets and continuing to deliver important social benefits.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:33:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1141489 bytes, checksum: 7aceda0eb6d01045abcf975eea205728 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Through documentary analysis, examined institutional and academics documents which have proposed to develop indicators for sustainable agroecosystems. The main objective was to synthesize the theoretical and methodological proposals which may arise as a reference for decisions on the areas of agroecological management of natural resources. Thus presenting the multi-criteria on which the decision-making can occur. To this end, research is based on two basic aspects. The first describes the disciplinary order of the indicators, analyzing whether there is the use of interdisciplinary perspective on the construction and usage. The second, examines these tools on the aspects of internal and external. The internal order refers to the relationship between concepts and theories behind the indicators and operating procedures of knowledge production. And the external refers to political-institutional determinants that express the configuration of universities and research institutes in addition to the purpose or purposes under which the indicators are constructed. / Por meio da análise documental, analisaram-se documentos institucionais e acadêmicos que se propuseram a desenvolver indicadores de sustentabilidade para os agroecossistemas. O principal objetivo foi sintetizar as propostas teóricas e metodológicas que possam surgir como uma referência para as decisões sobre as áreas de manejo agroecológico dos recursos naturais. Apresentando assim, os critérios múltiplos sobre os quais a tomada de decisão pode ocorrer. Para tanto, a investigação está baseada em dois aspectos base. O primeiro descreve a ordem disciplinar dos indicadores, analisando se há o emprego da perspectiva interdisciplinar na construção e uso dos mesmos. O segundo analisa essas ferramentas quanto aos aspectos de ordem interna e externa. A ordem interna refere-se à relação entre conceitos e teorias que fundamentam os indicadores e os procedimentos operacionais desse conhecimento produzido. E a externa refere-se aos determinantes político-institucionais que expressam a configuração das universidades e institutos de pesquisa, além da finalidade ou os propósitos sob os quais os indicadores são construídos.

abstract: Restaurants have a cumulative impact on the environment, economy, and society. The majority of restaurants are small-to-medium enterprises (SMEs). Review of sustainability and industry literature revealed that considering restaurants as businesses with sustainable development options is the most appropriate way to evaluate their sustainable practices or lack thereof. Sustainable development is the means by which a company progresses towards achieving an identified set of sustainability goals and harnesses competitive advantage. The purpose of this thesis is to identify barriers to implementing sustainable practices in restaurants, and explore ways that restaurateurs can incorporate sustainable business practices. Energy consumption, water use, waste production, and food throughput are the four sustainability indicators addressed in this thesis. Interviews were conducted with five Tempe, Arizona restaurants, two of which consider their operations to be sustainable, and three of which are traditional restaurants. Results show that for traditional restaurants, the primary barriers to implementing sustainable business practices are cost, lack of awareness, and space. For sustainability-marketed restaurants, the barriers included a lack of knowledge or legal concerns. The sustainability-marketed restaurants have energy-efficient equipment and locally source a majority of their food purchases. There is a marked difference between the two types of restaurants in perception of barriers to sustainable business practices. I created a matrix to identify whether each indicator metric was applicable and present at a particular restaurant, and the potential barriers to implementing sustainable practices in each of the four indicator areas. Restaurants can use the assessment matrix to compare their current practices with sustainable practices and find ways to implement new or enhance existing sustainable practices. Identifying the barriers from within restaurants increases our understanding of the reasons why sustainable practices are not automatically adopted by SMEs. The assessment matrix can help restaurants overcome barriers to achieving sustainability by highlighting how to incorporate sustainable business practices. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Sustainability 2011

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-28T12:59:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL FELIPE RAMOS DE RANGEL MOREIRA CAVALCANTI - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 1173176 bytes, checksum: ca7a9fdac862db93df07126423b5a58a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T12:59:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL FELIPE RAMOS DE RANGEL MOREIRA CAVALCANTI - DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGRN) 2017.pdf: 1173176 bytes, checksum: ca7a9fdac862db93df07126423b5a58a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / A civilização do combustível fóssil, iniciada no século XIX, teve seu apogeu no final do século XX, no entanto, as pressões devido aos impactos gerados pela geração da energia convencional fizeram com que surgissem novas políticas públicas para setor energético. Atualmente, a principal política pública do setor energético é o desenvolvimento da energia renovável, que tem sido vista como um fator importante para o desenvolvimento da sustentabilidade energética. No Brasil, a fonte eólica tem tido enorme crescimento desde 2009, sendo uma fonte que tem sido utilizada para desenvolvimento e melhoria da sustentabilidade energética. Contudo, há uma necessidade da aplicação de indicadores de sustentabilidade energética, para que se possa avaliar o impacto que as instalações de parques eólicos trazem aos municípios que têm essa fonte de geração de energia instalada. Portanto objetivo da pesquisa é analisar as contribuições dos empreendimentos eólicos instalados em municípios do litoral norte do Rio Grande do Norte na perspectiva da sustentabilidade energética da atividade econômica e da região. Para que tal objetivo fosse atendido foram escolhidos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, pois este é maior gerador de energia eólica no Brasil, enquanto que para a realização desta pesquisa, foram selecionados os indicadores de sustentabilidade energética mais compatíveis ao contexto da pesquisa e ato tipo de energia renovável pesquisada, respectivamente os cinco municípios potiguares e o processo de instalação e funcionamento de usinas eólicas nestes municípios. Neste sentido, foram utilizados um conjunto de 14 indicadores divididos em cinco dimensões, sendo estas: Social, Econômica, Ambiental, Tecnológica e Territorial. A partir dos resultados, obtidos através dos índices de sustentabilidade energética, foi possível analisar a contribuição das instalações eólicas para a sustentabilidade energética nos municípios pesquisados. Percebemos que a inserção da energia eólica tem realmente modificado esses munícipios em relação aos empregos, movimentação do comercio e melhoria no acesso à energia. No entanto, essas melhorias, ficam aquém das expectativas, devido à presença de alguns gargalos que necessitam atenção, como a questão da sazonalidade dos empregos, da possível queda de arrecadação dos impostos no futuro, como também a proteção de zonas costeiras com ecossistemas dunares que são extremamente vulneráveis aos desmatamentos ocorridos na implementação dos parques eólicos. Todavia, de forma geral, a energia eólica tem auxiliado no desenvolvimento das localidades, mesmo que atualmente o índices de sustentabilidade energética ainda estejam em uma situação de alerta, há perspectiva de que, em um futuro próximo, essa situação se torne aceitável quanto à sustentabilidade energética. Para tanto, os gargalos citados anteriormente precisam ter o cuidado dos gestores públicos, objetivando que esses índices realmente mudem para um estado aceitável de sustentabilidade energética. / The fossil fuel civilization, begun in the nineteenth century, had its apogee at the end of the twentieth century, but the pressures due to the impacts generated by the generation of conventional energy, led to the emergence of new public policies for the energy sector. Currently the main public policy of the energy sector is the development of renewable energy, which has been an important factor for the development of energy sustainability, in Brazil the wind source has had enormous growth since 2009, being a source that has been used for Development and improvement of energy sustainability. However, there is a need for the application of energy sustainability indicators, to assess the impact that wind farm facilities bring to municipalities that have this energy source installed. Therefore, the objective of the research is to analyze the contributions of wind farms installed in municipalities of the north coast of Rio Grande do Norte in the perspective of the energy sustainability of the economic activity and the region. For the application of sustainability indicators, municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte were chosen because this is the largest wind generator in Brazil. While for the accomplishment of the research, we selected the energy sustainability indicators most compatible with the context of research and type of renewable energy surveyed, respectively, the five municipalities of Potiguar and the process of installation and operation of wind power plants in these municipalities. In this sense, a set of 14 indicators divided into five dimensions were used: Social, Economic, Environmental, Technological and Territorial. From the results obtained through the indices of energy sustainability, it was possible to analyze the contribution of wind power plants to energy sustainability in the cities surveyed, where the introduction of wind energy has modified these municipalities in relation to jobs, And improved access to energy. However, these improvements fall short of expectations. This is due to the presence of bottlenecks that need attention, such as the seasonality of jobs, the possible fall of taxes in the future, as well as the protection of coastal zones with dune ecosystems that Are extremely vulnerable to deforestation occurring in the implementation of wind farms. However, in general, wind energy has helped in the development of localities, even though these indices are still in a state of alert, there is a prospect that soon this situation becomes acceptable about energy sustainability, however the bottlenecks cited Previously need to take care of public managers so that these rates really shift to an acceptable state of energy sustainability.

Introdução: Apesar de a Resolução n°307/2002 exigir a existência de um Plano Integrado de Gestão de Resíduos da Construção Civil (RCC), em todos os municípios brasileiros, desde o ano de 2003, poucos o possuem. Quando desenvolvidos, muitos são pensados para um horizonte de curto prazo e com função meramente corretiva ou, ainda, são adaptações de experiências de outros contextos, sem considerar a realidade local de onde estão sendo implantados. Estudos anteriores apontam dificuldades, principalmente nos municípios de pequeno porte, em implantar as práticas desta resolução. Nesse contexto, identificou-se que indicadores de sustentabilidade poderiam auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas mais sustentáveis, fornecendo dados para o planejamento. Objetivos: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi o de se desenvolver indicadores de sustentabilidade para a avaliação da gestão de RCC, em municípios de pequeno porte, a fim de se analisar a situação destes e auxiliá-los no processo de decisão, frente a alternativas mais sustentáveis. Esse objetivo foi desdobrado em objetivos secundários: verificar as particularidades do manejo de RCC em municípios de pequeno porte; investigar a utilidade e a eficiência da ferramenta proposta e; identificar oportunidades de inserção dos resultados do diagnóstico no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de gestão de RCC mais sustentáveis. Método: A estratégia de pesquisa adotada foi a pesquisa construtiva. A construção da ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisões foi realizada em três etapas: compreensão, desenvolvimento e análise. A primeira etapa teve como objetivo compreender a realidade do manejo de RCC em municípios de pequeno porte brasileiros e, para isto, um estudo exploratório foi realizado em três municipalidades localizadas na Região do Vale do Caí, Rio Grande do Sul. A segunda etapa, a de desenvolvimento dos indicadores, foi realizada a partir do estudo da legislação brasileira, de diretrizes mais sustentáveis de gestão de RCC e das particularidades de municípios de pequeno porte brasileiros. Nesta etapa, contou-se com a participação de três especialistas da área, para avaliação dos indicadores. Após a sua construção, a ferramenta foi implementada e testada no município de Feliz-RS, e seus resultados foram analisados a partir da sua utilidade e aplicabilidade. Na última etapa, foram discutidas as possíveis correções da ferramenta e as adequações necessárias para aplicação em outros municípios. Resultados: A falta de estrutura de municípios de pequeno porte, e consequente falta de dados referentes ao sistema pesquisado, foi determinante para a escolha dos indicadores. Foram desenvovlvidos quinze dicadores, divididos entre cinco dimensões da sustentabilidade, que foram incorporados em uma planilha eletrônica ExcelTM a ser utilizad por gestores municipais. Esse programa, além de fornecer um diagnóstico ao município, sobre a sua inclinação em direção ao desenvolvimento sustentável, para cada um dos indicadores, fornece orientações para que as situações desfavoráveis sejam convertidas em favoráveis. Através da aplicação dos indicadores no município de Feliz-RS, verificou-se que, além de auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão e direcionar ações, a ferramenta possui caráter educativo. / Introduction: In spite of Resolution No. 307/2002 requirements for the development of an Integrated Management Plan for Construction and Demolition Waste (C&D), in all Brazilian municipalities, few have it done. And, when developed, many are designed with a short time horizon and with purely corrective function, or are adaptations of experiences from other contexts, without considering the local reality where they are developed for. Previous studies indicate difficulties, especially in small municipalities, in implementing the practices of this resolution. In this context, the author understands that sustainability indicators could help on developing more sustainable public policies, thus providing data for planning. Objectives: The main objective of this research was to develop sustainability indicators for assessing the C&D management in small municipalities, in order to analyze their situation and to assist them in the process of making more sustainable decisions. This objective was divided into three secondary objectives: to verify the details of the C&D management in small municipalities; to investigate the usefulness and efficiency of the proposed tool and to identify opportunities for integration of diagnosis results in the development of public policies for more sustainable C&D management. Method: The research strategy adopted was the constructive research. The construction of the tool to support decision-making was done in three stages: understanding, development and analysis. The first step was aimed at understanding the reality of C&D management in small municipalities, and for this intent, an exploratory study was conducted in three locations with this scale. The second step, the development of indicators, was conducted from the study of Brazilian legislation, guidelines of more sustainable C&D management and the particularities of small municipalities in Brazil. construction, the tool was implemented and tested in the municipality of Feliz, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and its results were analyzed, based on their usefulness and applicability. In the last step, the possible corrections on the tool and its settings, for the application process in other municipalities, were discussed. Results: The lack of structure in small municipalities and consequent lack of data on the investigated system was crucial to the choice of indicators of sustainable development. Fifteen indicators, divided into five dimensions of sustainability, were found and incorporated into a electronic worksheet to be used by municipal managers. This program, in addition, provides data to convert unfavorable situations. Through the application of indicators in the municipality of Feliz-RS, it was found that, in addition to helping in the process of decision making and of directing actions, the tool has an educational character.

SÁ, Geny Gil. Avaliação da sustentabilidade do projeto de piscicultura familiar: o caso da comunidade de Malhada – Pentecoste – Ceará. 2013. 137 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, PRÓ-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente-PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T17:40:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_ggsá.pdf: 4215665 bytes, checksum: 4b0b82406d775a52f4b3fcba3c6b3225 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-04-20T17:41:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_ggsá.pdf: 4215665 bytes, checksum: 4b0b82406d775a52f4b3fcba3c6b3225 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T17:41:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_ggsá.pdf: 4215665 bytes, checksum: 4b0b82406d775a52f4b3fcba3c6b3225 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / To evaluate the sustainability of any productive activity is a complex task, especially when it comes to number of indicators since the system is dynamic, because only time can bring a more realistic view of its evolution. The study sought to evaluate the sustainability of family farming project in this rural community of Malhada, located in city of Pentecoste – Ceará through sustainability indicators in five scopes, such as: social, economic, environmental, technological and water quality . The methodology was developed based on previous studies on the use of indicators and assessment methods and the determination of the final index explaining their degree of sustainability and focusing on a multidisciplinary and systemic approach. To obtain primary data needed to conduct field visits to interact with people in the community under study, thus enabling the assessment of socioeconomic information, as well as allow for the semi-structured interviews with the actors involved. It also required the use of laboratory methods to measure water parameters in the areas of influence of the project, as well as determine the indexes of water quality and trophic state average as useful tools in assessing the sustainability of the activity. The results showed that it is necessary to rethink the techniques, the means of production and its purpose, focusing on the preservation of the environment as the main factor for the continuity of the activity over time. It was concluded that the family fish farmer assumes a degree of sustainability average. Because it is an activity that generates employment and income for families, require particular monitoring of socioeconomic aspects, environmental and technological this activity by the decision makers, considering the limitations of the family fish farmer in favor of sustainable development in semi-arid. / Avaliar a sustentabilidade de qualquer atividade produtiva é tarefa complexa, principalmente quando se trata de conjunto de indicadores já que o sistema é dinâmico, pois, somente o tempo poderá trazer uma visão mais realista de sua evolução. O estudo buscou avaliar a sustentabilidade do projeto de piscicultura familiar presente na comunidade rural de Malhada, localizada no município de Pentecoste – Ceará, por meio de indicadores de sustentabilidade em cinco escopos, a saber: social, econômico, ambiental, tecnológico e qualidade da água. A metodologia foi desenvolvida com base nos estudos realizados anteriormente sobre o uso de indicadores como formas de avaliação e da determinação do índice final explicitando seu grau de sustentabilidade e apostando-se numa abordagem sistêmica e multidisciplinar. Para a obtenção de dados primários, precisou-se realizar visitas de campo para se interagir com as pessoas da comunidade em estudo, possibilitando o levantamento das informações socioeconômicas, assim como permitir a realização das entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores envolvidos. Foi necessária também a utilização de métodos laboratoriais para avaliar os parâmetros da água nas áreas de influência do empreendimento, assim como determinar os índices de qualidade da água e do estado trófico médio como ferramentas úteis na avaliação de sustentabilidade da atividade. Os resultados constataram que é preciso repensar as técnicas, os meios de produção e sua finalidade, tendo como foco a preservação do meio ambiente como fator principal para a continuidade da atividade ao longo do tempo. Concluiu-se que o projeto de piscicultura familiar assume um grau de sustentabilidade médio. Por ser uma atividade que gera ocupação e renda para as famílias, necessita de um acompanhamento especial dos aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e tecnológicos desta atividade por parte das instâncias decisórias, considerando as limitações do piscicultor familiar em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável do semiárido.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-12T15:12:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseIMMS.pdf: 4785300 bytes, checksum: cde00814828a088da4a0c54a4d6558e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T14:30:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseIMMS.pdf: 4785300 bytes, checksum: cde00814828a088da4a0c54a4d6558e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-13T14:31:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseIMMS.pdf: 4785300 bytes, checksum: cde00814828a088da4a0c54a4d6558e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T14:31:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseIMMS.pdf: 4785300 bytes, checksum: cde00814828a088da4a0c54a4d6558e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The complexity and interaction of environmental problems have directed the landscape structure studies, which emphasizes broad spatial scales related to ecological effects of spatial patterns of the ecosystems. Changes in the landscape result in the impairment of natural capital and ecosystem functions that regulate or modulate the goods and services provided to human wellbeing, supported by the properties and/or physical, biological or chemical processes that occur in natural systems. For understanding the trajectories of natural and anthropogenic processes of landscape, many studies have addressed the models based on land use and land cover dynamics, which reflect the potential of the landscape transformation and thus assess implications for environmental sustainability scenario to over time. Thus, this thesis aims to draw up scenarios and projections of landscape patterns resulting from the interaction society and nature, based on structural indicators of the municipality of San Carlos landscape, basing the discussion on changes in natural capital in sustainable capacity in provide ecosystem services. / A complexidade e a interação dos problemas ambientais têm direcionado os estudos de estrutura da paisagem enfatizando escalas espaciais amplas, relacionados aos efeitos ecológicos dos padrões espaciais dos ecossistemas. As alterações na paisagem resultam no comprometimento do capital natural e das funções ecossistêmicas que regulam ou modulam os bens e serviços proporcionados ao bem-estar humano, suportados pelas propriedades e/ou processos físicos, biológicos ou químicos que ocorrem nos sistemas naturais. Para a compreensão das trajetórias dos processos naturais e antrópicos da paisagem, muitos estudos têm abordado os modelos baseados na dinâmica dos usos e cobertura da terra, que permitem evidenciar os possíveis caminhos da transformação da paisagem e dessa forma avaliar implicações no cenário de sustentabilidade ambiental ao longo do tempo. Dessa forma, esta tese pretende a elaboração de cenários e projeções dos padrões da paisagem resultantes da interação sociedade-natureza, com base em indicadores estruturais da paisagem do Município de São Carlos, embasando a discussão sobre as alterações do capital natural na capacidade de sustentabilidade em proporcionar serviços ecossistêmicos.