Scholars have frequently considered the analysis of sustainable design and performance of the built fabric over the past two decades with regard to diversity, density and accessibility. They fall short of developing a holistic, systematic and objective assessment system for the analysis of the sustainable urban form. Subsequently, there is still a noticeable gap regarding the relationship between these dimensions and the patterns and the layout of built environments in the Middle East in general and in Iraq in particular. Intense and rapid economic development and urbanisation in Northern Iraq has resulted in expansive urban of built environments to accommodate the ever increasing urban population and level of activity in the city of Erbil. Architectural, planning and urban design trends at the intra-urban and neighbourhood levels indicate a state of disharmony and random physical forms that lack frameworks for understanding sustainable urban form in relation to urban patterns and layout. In this context, Accessibility, Connectivity, Compatibility, Diversity, Nodality, Density, Urban Identity, and Adaptability have been considered as analysis criteria to evaluate the sustainability of spatial patterns of urban form. The thesis aims to explore and examine the relationship between urban patterns and sustainable urban form in Erbil city in the context of sustainability through developing a customised but context-based framework for sustainable urban fabric indicators. To accomplish this, five case studies of residential projects with variable states of occupancy, completion, and social profiling have been chosen to investigate the practice of the sustainable urban form indicators. The research adopted a mixed-methodological approach, which combines quantitative and qualitative surveys of users, planners, and decision makers to enhance an understanding of the local perception of urban sustainability. A random sampling process is applied for the quantitative survey when distributing the questionnaires. The successful sample size, which was analysed, was 252 respondents. Using comparative analysis of sustainable urban form indicators in the recent local residential projects, quantitative findings have noticeably indicated significant variation in the effectiveness of indicators' performance, and consequently support the research assumption with statistical evidence that urban patterns have a significant impact on achieving sustainable urban forms in developing countries. The study concludes that the urban pattern indicator framework offers an efficient and rigorous approach that enables a credible assessment of the design strategies and planning decision-making in residential developments to achieve sustainable urban forms. These findings have evident implications for urban planners and policy makers during the design stage. The study has proposed practical planning and design guidelines which aim to enhance the local built environment.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-14T14:46:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Idelfonso Colares de Freitas - Agronomia.pdf: 1658368 bytes, checksum: 281951adbbc39fb163075382c1dc3798 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-17T21:40:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Idelfonso Colares de Freitas - Agronomia.pdf: 1658368 bytes, checksum: 281951adbbc39fb163075382c1dc3798 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-17T21:40:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Idelfonso Colares de Freitas - Agronomia.pdf: 1658368 bytes, checksum: 281951adbbc39fb163075382c1dc3798 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-10 / Based on the premise that the replacement of native forests by agroecosystems impacts the soil, were studied different forms of soil use compared to a fragment preserved forest. The study was conducted in an Entisol Quartzipsammentunder the family agriculture use for 22 years, managed under: SAF – Agroforestry system, PA - Pasture, RT - Slash and burn field and MA - Preserved forest. The management impacts on the soil were estimated by the changes in the accumulation and quality of the soil mulch and by the changes on the physical and chemical indicators of soil. The collect of soil mulch, the soil resistance to penetration, until 40 cm depth, and the collect of deformed and undeformed soil samples, for of physical and chemical analyzes, collected in seven repetitions for each system, layers 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm depths for two consecutive years and in two sampling periods (July 2010/2011 and January 2011/2012). The variables analyzed were: accumulation of soil mulch and its nutrient content, carbon stock on soil mulch and the soil, plant residue quality index, soil organic matter, soil acidity, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, bases and aluminum saturation, strength penetration, bulk density, porosity and soil aggregation. The results showed that soil use with agroforestry system, even after 22 years of use, little differentiates itself from the preserved area. The conversion of forest in agroecosystems enhances the soil chemical properties and significantly reduces the stocked carbon in the soil mulch compartment, as noted in the “slash and burn” field. The soil use with pasture for successive years increases bulk density, strength penetration, microporosity and reduces soil macroporosity. In this study, clear distinctions between the forms of use and soil management were observed in stocks of litter on the soil surface and strength penetration. / Partindo da premissa que a substituição das florestas nativas por agroecossistemas impacta os solos, foram estudadas diferentes formas de uso do solo em comparação a um fragmento de floresta preservada. O estudo foi realizado em um Neossolo Quartzarênico sob uso da agricultura familiar por 22 anos, manejado sob: SAF – Sistema agroflorestal, PA – Pasto, RT – Roça de toco e MA – Mata preservada. Os impactos do manejo sobre o solo foram estimados por meio das mudanças ocorridas no acúmulo e qualidade da serrapilheira, indicadores físicos e químicos do solo. Coletas de serrapilheira, penetrometrias até 40 cm e amostras deformadas e indeformadas de solo, para fins de análises físicas e químicas, foram feitas em sete repetições por sistema de uso, nas camadas 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm, por dois anos consecutivos e em dois períodos de amostragem (Julho 2010/2011 e Janeiro 2011/2012). As variáveis analisadas foram: acúmulo de serrapilheira, teores de nutrientes na serrapilheira, estoque de carbono nos compartimentos serrapilheira e solo, índice de qualidade de resíduo vegetal, matéria orgânica do solo, acidez do solo, bases trocáveis, capacidade de troca de cátions, saturação por bases e alumínio, resistência do solo à penetração, densidade do solo, porosidade e agregação do solo. Os resultados apontaram que o uso do solo com sistema agroflorestal, mesmo após 22 anos de uso, pouco se diferencia da área preservada. A conversão da floresta em agroecossistemas potencializa os atributos químicos do solo e reduz, sensivelmente, o carbono estocado no compartimento serrapilheira, conforme observado na Roça de toco. O uso do solo com Pasto, por sucessivos anos, incrementa a densidade do solo, resistência à penetração do solo, microporosidade e reduz a macroporosidade do solo. Neste estudo, clara distinção entre as formas de uso e manejo do solo foram observadas nos estoques de serrapilheira sobre a superfície do solo e resistência à penetração.

Mining depletes, processes, and relocates mineral resources while profoundly changing landscapes and socio-economic patterns of affected regions and communities. For millennia these impacts have been “accepted” by society because of minerals’ many benefits, but the growing environmental crisis is pushing up demand for socially responsible and ecologically viable mining practices. In reaction to these pressures, large mining corporations have been increasingly trying to make the business case for a sustainable mining industry. To demonstrate progress towards this “case”, companies have started to publish sustainability reports based on a sustainability assessment and reporting tool called the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Framework. Many scholars have contested the effectiveness of that framework and argued that GRI-based reports can mislead decision-makers concerned with sustainability, or even camouflage unsustainable practices, particularly at the site level. Few scholars, however, have gone far beyond the realm of criticism to understand how to enhance that framework. This thesis addresses this gap. More specifically it sets out to answer the following questions: 1) what needs to be changed in mining corporations’ approaches to assessing and reporting sustainability for the purpose of promoting more meaningful and reliable disclosures? And 2) what are the key practical and conceptual barriers to implementing those changes? This research adopted a qualitative grounded theory approach underpinned by systems theories to answer the questions. Data were collected through extensive literature reviews, 41 semi-structured interviews and content analyses. The evaluation of data included software-aided techniques such as iterative coding, memo-writing, and diagramming. The four main contributions are as follows. First, the thesis presents an evaluation of the extent to which mining corporations’ approaches to sustainability reporting meet eight principles (the BellagioSTAMP) of sustainability assessment and communication. In light of the identified gaps, the thesis outlines a number of specific changes that should be promoted in mining corporations’ sustainability frameworks. Second, a critical evaluation is provided of the limitations of an industry initiative that is pushing for stronger GRI reporting. Proponents of that initiative are trying to standardize and enforce external verification of sustainability reports among large mining corporations, but, in doing so, they may reinforce a limited approach to sustainability reporting. Third, the thesis identifies and discusses the barriers that may emerge in the implementation of six additional guidance elements in the GRI framework that could promote sounder sustainability assessment and reporting processes. The many barriers are broadly categorized as motivational, structural and specific. Finally, the thesis specifies research implications for key stakeholder groups involved in sustainability reporting: standard-setters, industry associations, mining companies, external verifiers, investors, local communities, and scholars. Overall, this thesis corroborates the view that meaningful and reliable standardized disclosures of contributions to sustainability are unlikely to emerge any time soon. The geographical dispersion of mining corporations’ facilities imposes substantial barriers to the contextualization and systematization of sustainability evaluations and communications. These barriers can be overcome with additional indicator systems and partnerships, but standard-setters, industry associations, and governments do not seem motivated to take up this challenge soon. This situation opens opportunities for individual mining corporations to enhance their particular approaches. This thesis provides important information that should be considered in the development of a much needed long-term strategy for stronger sustainability reporting in the sector.

Mining depletes, processes, and relocates mineral resources while profoundly changing landscapes and socio-economic patterns of affected regions and communities. For millennia these impacts have been “accepted” by society because of minerals’ many benefits, but the growing environmental crisis is pushing up demand for socially responsible and ecologically viable mining practices. In reaction to these pressures, large mining corporations have been increasingly trying to make the business case for a sustainable mining industry. To demonstrate progress towards this “case”, companies have started to publish sustainability reports based on a sustainability assessment and reporting tool called the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Framework. Many scholars have contested the effectiveness of that framework and argued that GRI-based reports can mislead decision-makers concerned with sustainability, or even camouflage unsustainable practices, particularly at the site level. Few scholars, however, have gone far beyond the realm of criticism to understand how to enhance that framework. This thesis addresses this gap. More specifically it sets out to answer the following questions: 1) what needs to be changed in mining corporations’ approaches to assessing and reporting sustainability for the purpose of promoting more meaningful and reliable disclosures? And 2) what are the key practical and conceptual barriers to implementing those changes? This research adopted a qualitative grounded theory approach underpinned by systems theories to answer the questions. Data were collected through extensive literature reviews, 41 semi-structured interviews and content analyses. The evaluation of data included software-aided techniques such as iterative coding, memo-writing, and diagramming. The four main contributions are as follows. First, the thesis presents an evaluation of the extent to which mining corporations’ approaches to sustainability reporting meet eight principles (the BellagioSTAMP) of sustainability assessment and communication. In light of the identified gaps, the thesis outlines a number of specific changes that should be promoted in mining corporations’ sustainability frameworks. Second, a critical evaluation is provided of the limitations of an industry initiative that is pushing for stronger GRI reporting. Proponents of that initiative are trying to standardize and enforce external verification of sustainability reports among large mining corporations, but, in doing so, they may reinforce a limited approach to sustainability reporting. Third, the thesis identifies and discusses the barriers that may emerge in the implementation of six additional guidance elements in the GRI framework that could promote sounder sustainability assessment and reporting processes. The many barriers are broadly categorized as motivational, structural and specific. Finally, the thesis specifies research implications for key stakeholder groups involved in sustainability reporting: standard-setters, industry associations, mining companies, external verifiers, investors, local communities, and scholars. Overall, this thesis corroborates the view that meaningful and reliable standardized disclosures of contributions to sustainability are unlikely to emerge any time soon. The geographical dispersion of mining corporations’ facilities imposes substantial barriers to the contextualization and systematization of sustainability evaluations and communications. These barriers can be overcome with additional indicator systems and partnerships, but standard-setters, industry associations, and governments do not seem motivated to take up this challenge soon. This situation opens opportunities for individual mining corporations to enhance their particular approaches. This thesis provides important information that should be considered in the development of a much needed long-term strategy for stronger sustainability reporting in the sector.

Poverty is a big problem and has a huge impact on South Africa. The problem of poverty is multi-dimensional and has many facets and levels. One of the strategies used to alleviate poverty is through income-generating community projects. This study focuses on the Holding Hands income-generating community projects in the North-West Province. Sustainability indicators have previously been developed for these projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the sustainability indicators used in the projects. The evaluation focused on a quantitative analysis of the new and previously identified sustainability indicators. The entire population was included in the study. The research instrument consisted of a semi-structured quantitative questionnaire that had been specifically designed for this study. The frequency distribution provided the researcher with a profile of a typical member of the Holding Hands community projects, a definition of sustainability for these projects and a ranking of the importance of the different sustainability indicators in the Holding Hands projects. Tests for correlation were conducted among the variables age and level of education and the definitions of sustainability, as well as the sustainability indicators. T-Tests were conducted to evaluate if the different geographical areas answered the questions differently. The open-ended questions provided insight into the views of the participants on the sustainability of the projects. The results of the evaluation process indicated that the top five sustainability indicators in the project now focus on the evaluation and development of human capital in the projects. The results of the evaluation process differ substantially from the previously developed sustainability indicators and this suggests progress towards the sustainability of the projects. The results of the evaluation process would be used to plan and develop future interventions in the Holding Hands income-generating projects. The limitations of the study included the lack of research on the topic, as well as the language and literacy barriers in the data collection process. This study contributes to the relief of poverty in South Africa through research on the sustainability of income-generating community projects. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Poverty is a big problem and has a huge impact on South Africa. The problem of poverty is multi-dimensional and has many facets and levels. One of the strategies used to alleviate poverty is through income-generating community projects. This study focuses on the Holding Hands income-generating community projects in the North-West Province. Sustainability indicators have previously been developed for these projects. The aim of this study was the evaluation of the sustainability indicators used in the projects. The evaluation focused on a quantitative analysis of the new and previously identified sustainability indicators. The entire population was included in the study. The research instrument consisted of a semi-structured quantitative questionnaire that had been specifically designed for this study. The frequency distribution provided the researcher with a profile of a typical member of the Holding Hands community projects, a definition of sustainability for these projects and a ranking of the importance of the different sustainability indicators in the Holding Hands projects. Tests for correlation were conducted among the variables age and level of education and the definitions of sustainability, as well as the sustainability indicators. T-Tests were conducted to evaluate if the different geographical areas answered the questions differently. The open-ended questions provided insight into the views of the participants on the sustainability of the projects. The results of the evaluation process indicated that the top five sustainability indicators in the project now focus on the evaluation and development of human capital in the projects. The results of the evaluation process differ substantially from the previously developed sustainability indicators and this suggests progress towards the sustainability of the projects. The results of the evaluation process would be used to plan and develop future interventions in the Holding Hands income-generating projects. The limitations of the study included the lack of research on the topic, as well as the language and literacy barriers in the data collection process. This study contributes to the relief of poverty in South Africa through research on the sustainability of income-generating community projects. / Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-05-15T15:14:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1676020 bytes, checksum: e30206673c4aba0ea83d2d80b17e045b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T15:14:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JulioCSC_DISSERT.pdf: 1676020 bytes, checksum: e30206673c4aba0ea83d2d80b17e045b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Concerns regarding the sustainability of aquaculture enterprises as well as the modifications that they can provide to aquatic environments are fundamental in water bodies, mainly in semi-arid reservoirs, where occurs a constant water scarcity. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the sedimentation of nutrients and particulate matter, as well as the environmental, social and economic sustainability of a tilapia breeding system in net cages in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir. The study was conducted in a cooperative of entrepreneurs who manage a Nile tilapia production in net cages in the reservoir Umari (5°42’13”S and 37°15’18”O). The sediment generated by the net cages was analyzed, as well as were used 40 sustainability indicators, being the system sustainability modeled through the theoretical Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework, in which two scenarios were considered. real breedings, which operated with stocking densities of 100 and 125 fish/cage, with four cycles of annual breeding (DENS 100 CC; DENS 125 CC, respectively) and two hypothetical scenarios considering a density of 100 and 125 fish/cage, with two annual breeding cycles (DENS 100 CL, DENS 125 CL, respectively). The sedimentation rates in the net cages were significantly higher when compared to the observed rates in the reservoir region without the influence of the net cages, demonstrating that the fish farming activity in net cages raises the sedimentation rates of nutrients and particulate matter in this reservoir, what may contribute to accelerate the eutrophication process of this aquatic environment. However, the results showed that the sedimentation rates increase was punctual, that is, still is restricted to the fish farming in net cages region in the Umari reservoir. From the comparison between the scenarios provided by the modeling, it was evident that the real breedings despite have presented better performance in environmental and social sustainabilities were not viable from the economic point of view, which may cause the end of the enterprise and consequently the reduction of social benefits for the local population. The modeling also demonstrated that alterations in the increase of the breeding time and the consequent decrease of the annual production cycles, increased the sustainability in a global way, but at the same time reduced the environmental sustainability, being important to highlight that as a result of the semiarid region presents peculiar characteristics with relation to the water scarcity, the low environmental sustainability of the intensive fish farming activities in net cages carried out in these reservoirs may in the medium term economically and socially compromise the activity / Preocupações com relação à sustentabilidade dos empreendimentos aquícolas bem como as modificações que eles podem proporcionar aos ambientes aquáticos são fundamentais em corpos hídricos, principalmente em reservatórios do semiárido, onde ocorre uma constante escassez de água. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica de um sistema de cultivo de tilápias em tanques-rede em um reservatório do semiárido brasileiro. O estudo foi realizado em um sistema produção de tilápias do Nilo em tanques-rede no reservatório de Umari (5°42’13”S e 37°15’18”O), administrado por uma cooperativa de empresários. Foram realizadas análises do sedimento gerado pelos tanques-rede, bem como foram utilizados 40 indicadores de sustentabilidade, sendo que e a sustentabilidade do sistema foi modelada através do arcabouço teórico Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response. Foram considerados dois cenários com cultivos reais, que operavam com as densidades de estocagem com 100 e 125 peixes/m² e quatro ciclos de cultivo anual (DENS 100 CC; DENS 125 CC, respectivamente), e dois cenários hipotéticos considerando uma densidade de 100 e 125 peixes/m², com dois ciclos de cultivo anual (DENS 100 CL; DENS 125 CL, respectivamente). As taxas de sedimentação abaixo dos tanques-rede foram significativamente superiores quando comparadas com as taxas observadas na região do reservatório sem influência da piscicultura, demonstrando que esta atividade eleva as taxas de sedimentação de nutrientes e material particulado neste reservatório, podendo contribuir para acelerar o processo de eutrofização deste ambiente aquático. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento das taxas de sedimentação foi pontual, ou seja, ainda é restrita a região de criação de O. niloticus em tanques-rede no reservatório. O estudo evidenciou que os cultivos reais apesar de terem apresentado melhores desempenhos nas sustentabilidades ambiental e social, quando comparados com os cenários hipotéticos, foram inviáveis do ponto de vista econômico, podendo causar o fim do empreendimento e consequentemente a redução dos benefícios sociais para a população local. A modelagem demonstrou ainda que alterações no aumento do tempo de cultivo e a consequente diminuição da quantidade de ciclos anuais de produção aumentou a sustentabilidade de forma global, mas ao mesmo tempo reduziu a sustentabilidade ambiental. É importante destacar que em decorrência da região semiárida brasileira apresentar características peculiares com relação à escassez de água, a baixa sustentabilidade ambiental das atividades de piscicultura intensiva em tanques-rede realizadas em reservatórios desta região podem em médio prazo comprometer economicamente e socialmente a atividade / 2017-05-15

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4518.pdf: 937929 bytes, checksum: ad5a0c6b33a6910675b6fa6c4bbc3a11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / Solid waste management has been shown to be a major challenge for local governments given the high operational costs and increasing amounts of waste generated. Inadequate waste management, as well as the damage to the environment and to public health, gives rise to great expense for its mitigation. There is a need to search for solutions which focus on, among other things, the economic efficiency for a healthy environment. This can be attained through sustainable development, shown to be an alternative model of development to the present one. To guarantee that sustainability is the aim of a given activity, it is necessary to establish goals and to periodically assess the system to trace opportunities and correct possible errors. Such assessment can be done via the use of sustainability indicators, a tool that has been consolidated in the search for sustainability in several spheres, including business and public, from data collection to generate information. In this work, based on an ample literature review, systems of indicators were identified and an analysis of the indicators that deal with solid waste management relating them to the dimensions of sustainability and to those principles of sustainability specific to the management of solid waste. The indicator systems were divided into two groups: sets of sustainability indicators that deal with solid waste, and sets of sustainability indicators specific for evaluating solid waste management. In the former, the environmental dimension is highlighted, dealt with by all of the systems in at least one of the sustainability principles related mainly to indicators connected to recycling and garbage collection. In the second group, the indicators are distributed in a balanced way between the dimensions, although the principle of work and income generation and that of promoting sustainable standards of production and consumption were covered by fewer indicators as opposed to the other principles. / A gestão de resíduos sólidos tem se mostrado com um grande desafio para os gestores públicos diante do alto custo operacional e a crescente geração de resíduos. A gestão inadequada de resíduos, além de danos ao ambiente e à saúde pública, traz grandes gastos para sua mitigação. É necessário buscar soluções que concentre, entre outros temas, a eficiência econômica a um ambiente salutar. Isto pode ser alcançado a partir do desenvolvimento sustentável, que tem se mostrado como um modelo alternativo de desenvolvimento em relação ao vigente. Para garantir que a sustentabilidade seja o objetivo de alguma atividade é preciso estabelecer metas e avaliar periodicamente o sistema para rastrear oportunidades e corrigir possíveis erros. Tal avaliação pode se dá através do uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade, uma ferramenta que vem se consolidando na busca da sustentabilidade em diversos contextos, entre empresariais e públicos, a partir do levantamento de dados para gerar informações. Neste trabalho, a partir de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, identificou-se na literatura sistemas de indicadores e realizou-se a análise dos indicadores que abordavam à gestão de resíduos sólidos relacionando-os as dimensões da sustentabilidade e aos princípios de sustentabilidade específicos para gestão de resíduos sólidos. Os sistemas de indicadores foram divididos em dois grupos: conjuntos de indicadores de sustentabilidade que abordavam a questão dos resíduos sólidos e conjuntos de indicadores de sustentabilidade específicos para avaliar a gestão de resíduos sólidos. No primeiro grupo destaca-se a dimensão ambiental, atendida por todos os sistemas em pelo menos um dos princípios de sustentabilidade relacionado, principalmente com indicadores ligados à reciclagem e à coleta de lixo. No segundo grupo, os indicadores estão distribuídos de forma equilibrada entre as dimensões, embora o princípio geração de trabalho e renda e o princípio de promoção de padrões sustentáveis de produção e consumo tenham sido contempladas por um menor número de indicadores em relação aos outros princípios

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5852.pdf: 4530497 bytes, checksum: dc79f74966543376cffd5638b044ca32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-25 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Urban Solid Waste (USW) management represents an increasing challenge to municipal administration departments due to the growth in quantity of waste and complexity of its management. In Brazil, the National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP), approved in 2010, came to be a reference to local public policies, incorporating a concern with sustainability. Some authors have been proposing sustainability indicators (SI) to USW management since this sector needs tools to help with decision-making actions as well as with democratization of information to the society. However, these works neither consider the definitive content of NSWP, nor the strategic involvement of municipal councils related to the topic. This is important to assess how the conditions of these sustainability indicators match with the sustainability conditions brought by the policy. The aim of this present work was a proposition of a sustainability indicators set for solid waste management in Bragança Paulista-SP by means of consultation to the Municipal Environment Defense Council COMDEMA in the context of the NSWP. The research was based on interfaces assessment of three sets of SI for Solid Waste Management found in the literature with the NSWP. In order to facilitate this process, indicators were grouped in 15 topics, being detected their contribution and restrictions. This assessment, set on local context and researchers perceptions resulted in a proposal of a group of 25 SI which went through COMDEMA s consultation regarding relevance and form. On a second stage, new SI were developed, based on topics identified in the NSWP and were also consulted by the mentioned council. It was possible to ascertain that the NSWP incorporates dimensions of sustainability and many of its aspects are represented in the SI studied. This fact enforces the usefulness of this tool to a more sustainable solid waste management in local level. Nevertheless, to some recent topics such as reverse logistics, shared responsibility, Urban Solid Waste intermunicipal consortiums and recovery of organic solid waste, there were developed new indicators in order to get a more complete management. The final set resulted in 30 SI which meet the five dimensions of sustainability (environmental, social, economic, cultural and political) and include significant aspects of the NSWP as well as characteristic questions of the city. The involvement of COMDEMA, by its composition, engagement and interest, contributed to the access of information and members discussions, resulting in adjustments of the initial set, which include local demands. The experience of consultation adopted in this work, in order to propose SI to the SW management, can support future research, and may be adapted to the reality of other cities. The final SI set, which may come to be totally or partially incorporated to the Municipal Solid Waste Plan, can collaborate with execution of the NSWP in the city, leading it to a more democratic and sustainable management. / A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) representa um desafio cada vez maior para as administrações municipais, tendo em vista o aumento da quantidade e da complexidade dos mesmos. No Brasil, a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), aprovada em 2010, passou a ser uma referência para as políticas públicas locais, incorporando a preocupação com a sustentabilidade. Alguns autores têm proposto indicadores de sustentabilidade (IS) para a gestão dos RSU, uma vez que o setor carece de ferramentas que auxiliem na tomada de decisão e na democratização da informação para a sociedade. Entretanto, estes trabalhos ainda não chegaram a considerar o conteúdo definitivo da PNRS e a participação estratégica de conselhos municipais relacionados ao tema. Deste modo, torna-se importante avaliar o quanto as condições presentes nestes IS correspondem às condições de sustentabilidade trazidas pela política. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a proposição de um conjunto de IS aplicados à gestão de RSU no município de Bragança Paulista-SP, por meio de consultas ao seu Conselho Municipal de Defesa do Meio Ambiente COMDEMA, tendo como contexto a PNRS. A pesquisa teve como base a avaliação das interfaces de três conjuntos de IS para gestão de RS existentes na literatura com a PNRS. A fim de facilitar este processo, os indicadores foram agrupados em 15 temas, sendo detectadas as suas contribuições e limitações. Esta avaliação, pautada no contexto local e na percepção dos pesquisadores envolvidos, resultou na proposição de um conjunto de 25 IS, que foi submetido à consulta do COMDEMA/BP, que os avaliou quanto à relevância e à forma. Em uma segunda etapa, foram desenvolvidos, com base em temas identificados na PNRS, novos IS, os quais também foram submetidos à consulta do referido conselho. Constatou-se que a PNRS incorpora a sustentabilidade e suas dimensões e que muitos dos seus aspectos encontram-se representados nos IS estudados. Este fato reforça a utilidade desta ferramenta para uma gestão de RS mais sustentável em nível local. Porém, para alguns temas recentes, tal como a logística reversa, a responsabilidade compartilhada, os consórcios intermunicipais de RSU e a recuperação dos RS orgânicos, foram desenvolvidos novos indicadores para uma gestão mais completa. O conjunto final resultou em 30 IS, os quais contemplam as cinco dimensões da sustentabilidade (ambiental, social, econômica, cultural e política), englobando aspectos significativos da PNRS e questões características do município. A participação do COMDEMA/BP, por sua composição, envolvimento e interesse pelo tema, contribuiu com o acesso à informação e com o diálogo entre os membros, resultando em adequações do conjunto inicial, que inclui demandas locais. A experiência de consulta adotada neste trabalho, a fim de propor IS para gestão dos RS, pode servir de base para futuras pesquisas, podendo ser adaptada para a realidade de outros municípios. O conjunto de IS final, que poderá vir a ser incorporado total ou parcialmente ao plano municipal de RS, tem potencial em colaborar com a implementação dos objetivos da PNRS no município, direcionando-o a uma gestão mais democrática e sustentável.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T18:57:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6119.pdf: 782022 bytes, checksum: c433915211aee0526f66df0cc30e6d3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-29 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The municipality of Altinópolis is historically recognized by coffee farms and tourist attractions, and currently local agriculture has diversified and is under agribusiness pressure. To analyze and compare the sustainability indexes of production systems in the municipality of Altinópolis, according to the size of the farms, were established social, economic and environmental indicators. These indicators were measured by applying semi-structured interviews in the production units. After analysis and discussion of the data collected, the sustainability indices were determined and represented by biogram. It was observed that family farms have higher levels of sustainability. Positive highlights of family systems are: diversity of commercial crops, adoption of soil conservation practices, interactions of agricultural activities, rural family background and family work. In contrast, medium to large production systems (> 4 fiscal modules) achieved positive highlights of: receiving frequent technical guidance, conducts periodic correction of the soil, have good infrastructure (machinery, implements and improvements), and create salaried jobs in the batch. / O município de Altinópolis é reconhecido historicamente pelas propriedades cafeeiras e atrativos turísticos, e atualmente a agricultura local se diversificou e sofre pressão do agronegócio. Para analisar e comparar os índices de sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção no município de Altinópolis, de acordo com o tamanho das propriedades, foram estabelecidos indicadores sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Estes indicadores foram mensurados através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas nas unidades de produção. Após análise e discussão dos dados levantados, os índices de sustentabilidade foram determinados e representados por biogramas. Observou-se que as propriedades familiares possuem maiores índices de sustentabilidade. Os destaques positivos dos sistemas familiares são: a diversidade de cultivos comerciais, a adoção de práticas conservacionistas do solo, a interações de atividades agrícolas, a origem familiar rural e o trabalho familiar. Em contrapartida, os sistemas produtivos médios a grandes (> 4 módulos fiscais), alcançaram destaques positivos por: receber orientação técnica frequente, realizar correção periódica do solo, possuir boa infraestrutura (máquinas, implementos e benfeitorias), e criar ocupações assalariadas no lote.