Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-23T11:16:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1343904 bytes, checksum: dfca90c2164204a1513fc4a55eca4527 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-23T11:16:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1343904 bytes, checksum: dfca90c2164204a1513fc4a55eca4527 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Our purpose is to study the geometry of Riemannian immersions in certain semi- Riemannian manifolds. Initially, considering linearWeingarten hypersurfaces immersed in locally symmetric manifolds and, imposing suitable constraints on the scalar curvature, we guarantee that such a hypersurface is either totally umbilical or isometric to a isoparametric hypersurface with two distinct principal curvatures, one of them being simple. In higher codimension, we use a Simons type formula to obtain new characterizations of hyperbolic cylinders through the study of submanifolds having parallel normalized mean curvature vector field in a semi-Riemannian space form. Finally, we investigate the rigidity of complete spacelike hypersurfaces immersed in the steady state space via applications of some maximum principles. / Nos propomos estudar a geometria de imersões Riemannianas em certas variedades semi-Riemannianas. Inicialmente, consideramos hipersuperfícies Weingarten lineares imersas em variedades localmente simétricas e, impondo restrições apropriadas à curvatura escalar, garantimos que uma tal hipersuperfície é totalmente umbílica ou isométrica a uma hipersuperfície isoparamétrica com duas curvaturas principais distintas, sendo uma destas simples. Em codimensão alta, usamos uma fórmula do tipo Simons para obter novas caracterizações de cilindros hiperbólicos a partir do estudo de subvariedades com vetor curvatura média normalizado paralelo em uma forma espacial semi-Riemanniana. Finalmente, investigamos a rigidez de hipersuperfícies tipo-espaço completas imersas no steady state space via aplicações de alguns princípios do máximo.

Submitted by ANA KARLA PEREIRA RODRIGUES (anakarla_@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-25T13:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1699241 bytes, checksum: 2f092c650c435ae41ec42c261fd9c3af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-25T13:37:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1699241 bytes, checksum: 2f092c650c435ae41ec42c261fd9c3af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In thisthesis,westudycertaindegenerations/specializationsofthegenericsquare matrix overa eld k of characteristiczeroalongitsmainrelatedstructures,suchthe determinantofthematrix,theidealgeneratedbyitspartialderivatives,thepolarmap de ned bythesederivatives,theHessianmatrixandtheidealofsubmaximalminorsof the matrix.Thedegenerationtypesofthegenericsquarematrixconsideredhereare: (1) degenerationby\cloning"(repeating)avariable;(2)replacingasubsetofentriesby zeros, inastrategiclayout;(3)furtherdegenerationsoftheabovetypesstartingfrom certain specializationsofthegenericsquarematrix,suchasthegenericsymmetric matrix andthegenericsquareHankelmatrix.Thefocusinallthesedegenerations is intheinvariantsdescribedabove,highlightingonthehomaloidalbehaviorofthe determinantofthematrix.Forthis,weemploytoolscomingfromcommutativealgebra, with emphasisonidealtheoryandsyzygytheory. / Nesta tese,estudamoscertasdegenera c~oes/especializa c~oesdamatrizquadradagen erica sobre umcorpo k de caracter sticazero,aolongodesuasprincipaisestruturasrela- cionadas, taiscomoodeterminantedamatriz,oidealgeradoporsuasderivadasparci- ais, omapapolarde nidoporessasderivadas,amatrizHessianaeoidealdosmenores subm aximosdamatriz.Ostiposdedegenera c~aodamatrizquadradagen ericacon- siderados aquis~ao:(1)degenera c~aopor\clonagem"(repeti c~ao)deumavari avel;(2) substitui c~aodeumsubconjuntodeentradasporzeros,emumadisposi c~aoestrat egica; (3) outrasdegenera c~oesdostiposacimapartindodecertasespecializa c~oesdamatriz quadrada gen erica,taiscomoamatrizgen ericasim etricaeamatrizquadradagen erica de Hankel.Ofocoemtodasessasdegenera c~oes enosinvariantesdescritosacima, com destaqueparaocomportamentohomaloidaldodeterminantedamatriz.Paratal, empregamos ferramentasprovenientesda algebracomutativa,com^enfasenateoriade ideais enateoriadesiz gias.

In this thesis we have focussed on two types of axially symmetric ion trap mass analysers viz., the quadrupole ion trap mass analyser and the toroidal ion trap mass analyser. We have undertaken three numerical studies in this thesis, one study is on the quadrupole ion trap mass analysers and two studies are on the toroidal ion trap mass analysers. The first study is related to improvement of the sensitivity of quadrupole ion trap mass analysers operated in the resonance ejection mode. In the second study we have discussed methods to determine the multipole coefficients in the toroidal ion trap mass analysers. The third study investigates the stability of ions in the toroidal ion trap mass analysers. The first study presents a technique to cause unidirectional ion ejection in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer operated in the resonance ejection mode. In this technique a modified auxiliary dipolar excitation signal is applied to the endcap electrodes. This modified signal is a linear combination of two signals. The first signal is the nominal dipolar excitation signal which is applied across the endcap electrodes and the second signal is the second harmonic of the first signal, the amplitude of the second harmonic being larger than that of the fundamental. We have investigated the effect of the following parameters on achieving unidirectional ion ejection: primary signal amplitude, ratio of amplitude of second harmonic to that of primary signal amplitude, different operating points, different scan rates, different mass to charge ratios and different damping constants. In all these simulations unidirectional ejection of destabilized ions has been successfully achieved. The second study presents methods to determine multipole coefficients for describing the potential in toroidal ion trap mass analysers. Three different methods have been presented to compute the toroidal multipole coefficients. The first method uses a least square fit and is useful when we have ability to compute potential at a set of points in the trapping region. In the second method we use the Discrete Fourier Transform of potentials on a circle in the trapping region. The third method uses surface charge distribution obtained from the Boundary Element Method to compute these coefficients. Using these multipole coefficients we have presented (1) equations of ion motion in toroidal ion traps (2) the Mathieu parameters in terms of multipole coefficients and (3) the secular frequency of ion motion in these traps. It has been shown that the secular frequency obtained from our method has a good match with that obtained from numerical trajectory simulation. The third study presents stability of ions in practical toroidal ion trap mass analysers. Here we have taken up for investigation four geometries with apertures and truncation of electrodes. The stability is obtained in UDC-VRF plane and later this is converted into A-Q plane on the Mathieu stability plot. Though the plots in terms of Mathieu parameters for these structures are qualitatively similar to the corresponding plot of linear ion trap mass analysers, there is a significant difference. The stability plots of these have regions of nonlinear resonances where ion motion is unstable. These resonances have been briefly investigated and it is proposed that they occur on account of hexapole and octopole contributions to the field in these toroidal ion traps.

Provamos resultados sobre a geometria de hipersuperfícies em diferentes espaços ambiente. Primeiro, definimos uma aplicação de Gauss generalizada para uma hipersuperfície Mn-1 c/ Nn, onde N é um espaço simétrico de dimensão n ≥ 3. Em particular, generalizamos um resultado de Ruh-Vilms e apresentamos aplicações. Em seguida, estudamos superfícies em espaços de dimensão 3: estudamos a equação da curvatura média em um produto semidireto R2oAR e obtemos estimativas da altura e a existência de gráficos mínimos do tipo Scherk. Finalmente, no espaço ambiente de uma variedade hiperbólica de dimensão 3: nós apresentamos condições suficientes para que um mergulho completo de uma superfície ∑ de topologia finita em N com curvatura média |H∑| ≤ 1 seja próprio. / We prove results concerning the geometry of hypersurfaces on di erent ambient spaces. First, we de ne a generalized Gauss map for a hypersurface Mn-1 c/ Nn, where N is a symmetric space of dimension n ≥ 3. In particular, we generalize a result due to Ruh-Vilms and make some applications. Then, we focus on surfaces on spaces of dimension 3: we study the mean curvature equation of a semidirect product R2 oA R to obtain height estimates and the existence of a Scherk-like minimal graph. Finally, on the ambient space of a hyperbolic manifold N of dimension 3 we give su cient conditions for a complete embedding of a nite topology surface ∑ on N with mean curvature |H∑| ≤ 1 to be proper.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-06-14T11:12:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Lopes Cardoso Filho - 2018.pdf: 1729607 bytes, checksum: 8279e98ec23b68bab062f8c812957bf4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-15T10:25:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Lopes Cardoso Filho - 2018.pdf: 1729607 bytes, checksum: 8279e98ec23b68bab062f8c812957bf4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T10:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - João Lopes Cardoso Filho - 2018.pdf: 1729607 bytes, checksum: 8279e98ec23b68bab062f8c812957bf4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / In this work we exhibit canonical forms for 2D codimension one piecewise smooth vector Fields (PSVF). All possible orientations and codimension one scenarios were covered. Also the intrinsic objects that characterize each one of the canonical forms were presented. Also we present topological distinct canonical forms for a larger class for symmetric PSVF where the set of fixed points is contained in the variety os discontinuity. Finally we analyze the simultaneous occurrence of sliding and crossing limit cycle in the case where the piecewise linear vector fields presents a continuum of periodic orbits. / Neste trabalho exibiremos inicialmente as formas canônicas para campos vetoriais suaves por partes (PSVF) no plano. Todas os possíveis cenários de codimensão um são abordados. Também apresentamos formas canônicas topologicamente distintas para uma classe de PSVF com simetria onde o conjunto de pontos fixos está contido na variedade de descontinuidade. Finalmente, analisaremos a ocorrência simultânea de ciclos limite costurantes e deslizantes no caso linear por partes que apresentam um contínuo de órbitas periódicas.

Provamos resultados sobre a geometria de hipersuperfícies em diferentes espaços ambiente. Primeiro, definimos uma aplicação de Gauss generalizada para uma hipersuperfície Mn-1 c/ Nn, onde N é um espaço simétrico de dimensão n ≥ 3. Em particular, generalizamos um resultado de Ruh-Vilms e apresentamos aplicações. Em seguida, estudamos superfícies em espaços de dimensão 3: estudamos a equação da curvatura média em um produto semidireto R2oAR e obtemos estimativas da altura e a existência de gráficos mínimos do tipo Scherk. Finalmente, no espaço ambiente de uma variedade hiperbólica de dimensão 3: nós apresentamos condições suficientes para que um mergulho completo de uma superfície ∑ de topologia finita em N com curvatura média |H∑| ≤ 1 seja próprio. / We prove results concerning the geometry of hypersurfaces on di erent ambient spaces. First, we de ne a generalized Gauss map for a hypersurface Mn-1 c/ Nn, where N is a symmetric space of dimension n ≥ 3. In particular, we generalize a result due to Ruh-Vilms and make some applications. Then, we focus on surfaces on spaces of dimension 3: we study the mean curvature equation of a semidirect product R2 oA R to obtain height estimates and the existence of a Scherk-like minimal graph. Finally, on the ambient space of a hyperbolic manifold N of dimension 3 we give su cient conditions for a complete embedding of a nite topology surface ∑ on N with mean curvature |H∑| ≤ 1 to be proper.

L'accroissement d'efficacite des réseaux d'interconnexion et la vulgarisation des machines multiprocesseurs permettent la réalisation de machines parallèles a mémoire distribuée de faible coût: les grappes de multiprocesseurs. Elles nécessitent l'exploitation à la fois du parallélismeà grain fin, interne à un multiprocesseur offert par la multiprogrammation légère, et du parallélisme à gros grain entre les différents multiprocesseurs. L'exploitation simultanée de ces deux types de parallélisme exige une méthode de communication entre les processus légers qui ne partagent pas le mêmme espace d'adressage. Le travail de cette thèse porte sur le problème de l'Intégration de la multiprogrammation légère et des communications sur grappes de multiprocesseurs symétriques (SMP). II porte plus précisément sur evaluation et le reglage du noyau exécutif ATHAPASCAN-0 sur ce type d'architecture. ATHAPASCAN-0 est un noyau exécutif, portable, développé au sein du projet APACHE (CNRS-INPG-INRIA-UJF), qui combine la multiprogrammation légère et la communication par échange de messages. La portabilité est assurée par une organisation en couches basée sur les standards POSIX threads et MPI largement répandus. ATHAPASCAN-0 étend le modèle de réseau statique de processus «lourds» communicants tel que MPI, PVM, etc,à celui d'un réseau dynamique de processus légers communicants. La technique de base est la multiprogrammation lègere des communications et des calculs. La progression des communications exige la scrutation de état du reseau et l'enchainement des opérations de transferts. L'efficacité repose sur la minimisation de ces opérations. De plus, l'emploi de multiprocesseurs ajoute des problèmes spécifiques dus à l'apparition d'un parallélisme réel entre calcul et communication. Ces problèmes sont présentés et des solutions sont proposées pour l'environnement ATHAPASCAN-0. Ces solutions sont évaluées sur des grappes de multiprocesseurs. / The continuous price reduction for commodity PC multiprocessors and the availability of fast network interfaces have made cluster of multiprocessors an attractive low-price alternative to build parallel systems. Multiprocessor clusters offer two levels of parallelism: a fine grain parallelism inside a single multiprocessor and a coarse grain among them. A mechanism must be provided to exploit both levels of parallelism simultaneously. This requires to provide communications between threads belonging to different addresses spaces. This dissertation addresses the problem of integrating threads and communications on ATHAPASCAN-0 run time system. ATHAPASCAN-0 is a portable run time for cluster of multiprocessors developed as part of the APACHE project (CNRS-INPG-INRIA-UJF). Portability is achieved by a layered organization based on standards like POSIX threads and MPI. The ATHAPASCAN-0 run time system extends the heavy-weight process communication model of message passing libraries such as MPI, PVM, etc, into a lighter dynamic network of communicating threads. Multiprogramming is the key concept used. Communication progress is based on a network polling basis to handle incoming messages and to deliver outgoing communications requests. Performance is strongly dependent on the way these operations are implemented. Additionally, multiprocessors introduce some programming problems like overhead of cache coherency mechanisms, method of managing concurrent accesses and efficient mutex locking to avoid unnecessary context switching. These problems are analyzed and solutions are implemented in the ATHAPASCAN-0 run time system. An evaluation of these solutions is performed on a cluster of multiprocessors.

Un code correcteur d'erreur ajoute de la redondance à un message afin de pouvoir corriger celui-ci lorsque des erreurs se sont introduites pendant la transmission. Les codes convolutifs sont des codes performants, et par conséquent, souvent utilisés. Le principe d'un code convolutif consiste à se fixer une fonction de transfert définie sur le groupe des entiers relatifs et à effectuer la convolution d'un message avec cette fonction de transfert. Ces codes ne protègent pas le message d'une interception par une tierce personne. C'est pourquoi nous proposons dans cette thèse, des codes convolutifs avec des propriétés cryptographiques, définis sur des groupes non-commutatifs. Nous avons tout d'abord étudié les codes définis sur le groupe diédral infini, qui, malgré de bonnes performances, n'ont pas les propriétés cryptographiques recherchées. Nous avons donc étudié ensuite des codes convolutifs en bloc sur des groupes finis, avec un encodage variable dans le temps. Nous avons encodé chaque message sur un sous-ensemble du groupe différent à chaque encodage. Ces sous-ensembles sont générés de façon chaotique à partir d'un état initial, qui est la clé du cryptosystème symétrique induit par le code. Nous avons étudié plusieurs groupes et plusieurs méthodes pour définir ces sous-ensembles chaotiques. Nous avons étudié la distance minimale des codes que nous avons conçus et montré qu'elle est légèrement plus petite que la distance minimale des codes en blocs linéaires. Cependant, nous avons, en plus, un cryptosystème symétrique associé à ces codes. Ces codes convolutifs non-commutatifs sont donc un compromis entre correction d'erreur et sécurité. / An error correcting code adds redundancy to a message in order to correct it when errors occur during transmission.Convolutional codes are powerful ones, and therefore, often used. The principle of a convolutional code is to perform a convolution product between a message and a transfer function, both defined over the group of integers. These codes do not protect the message if it is intercepted by a third party. That is why we propose in this thesis, convolutional codes with cryptographic properties defined over non-commutative groups. We first studied codes over the infinite dihedral group, which despite good performance, do not have the desired cryptographic properties. Consequently, we studied convolutional block codes over finite groups with a time-varying encoding. Every time a message needs to be encoded, the process uses a different subset of the group. These subsets are chaotically generated from an initial state. This initial state is considered as the symmetric key of the code-induced cryptosystem. We studied many groups and many methods to define these chaotic subsets. We examined the minimum distance of the codes we conceived and we showed that it is slightly smaller than the minimum distance of the linear block codes. Nevertheless, our codes have, in addition, cryptographic properties that the others do not have. These non-commutative convolutional codes are then a compromise between error correction and security.

Cette thèse se consacre à l'étude du modèle de dénaturation de l'ADN introduit par Poland et Scheraga dans les années soixante. Les modèles de dépiégeage en milieu aléatoire, avec lesquels la correspondance a été établie, sont également traités. Dans le cas où les interactions entre le système et l’environnement sont homogènes, le problème a été résolu : selon la valeur d'un paramètre géométrique, une transition de phase d'ordre un ou deux se produit. En revanche, lorsque les interactions sont prises aléatoires (on parle d'un système en présence de désordre), nous ne connaissons ni le point critique, ni l'ordre de la transition en régime defort désordre. Pour simplifier le problème, de nombreux auteurs font usage d'une représentation hiérarchique grâce à laquelle une renormalisation exacte de la fonction de partition peut être écrite. Mais à nouveau, la question du point critique et de l'ordre de la transition n'a pas été résolue. Nous avons introduit un nouveau système (Toymodel) plus simple que la version hiérarchique en changeant la forme de la renormalisation. Le problème, ainsi posé, permet de mettre en évidence une famille de distributions qui ne varient presque pas lors d'une renormalisation, avec lesquelles nous avons pu dériver des équations du type Berezinskii-Kosterlitz- Thouless. Aussi, en présence de désordre, la transition de phase n'admet pas de point fixe critique. Ces deux éléments, en accord avec nos résultats numériques, nous poussent à croire que nous sommes en présence d'une transition de phase d'ordre infini. La seconde partie de la thèse rapporte un travail sur le processus simple d'exclusion symétrique, qui est l'un des modèles les plus simples de physique statistique hors d'équilibre pour lequel un état stationnaire est connu. La fonction de grandes déviations a été calculée dans le passé par les approches microscopiques et macroscopiques et ici, nous en avons calculé la première correction de taille finie. Le résultat a ensuite été comparé aux corrections similaires pour des systèmes à l'équilibre. / This thesis is a study of a DNA denaturation model, introduced by Poland and Scheraga during the 1960s. The depinning models with random environment, with which the similarity has been made, are also concerned. If the interactions between the system and the environment are homogeneous, the problem has been solved: depending on the value of a geometrical parameter, a first or a second order phase transition happens. On the other hand, when the interactions are random, we know neither the critical point nor the phase transition order in the case of strong disorder. In order to simplify the problem, some authors have used a hierarchical representation through which an exact renormalization can be written. Despite this simplification, the critical point and the transition order have not been found. By changing the renormalization relation, we introduced a Toy-model which is simpler than the hierarchical version. The new problem leaded us to a family of distributions, which stay almost the same under renormalization, and allow us to derive the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz- Thouless equations. Also, with strong disorder, the phase transition does not have a critical fixed point. These two elements, according to our numerical results, predict that the order transition is infinite. The second part of this thesis reports on a work about the simple symmetric exclusion process, which is one of the simplest out of equilibrium models for which a stationary state is known. The large deviation function has been calculated in the past through microscopic and macroscopic approaches. Here, we calculated the leading finite-size correction. Then the result has been compared to similar corrections for equilibrium systems.

L’infarctus du myocarde (IDM) résulte des complications de l’athérosclérose, dont le développement serait initié par une dysfonction endothéliale, s’accompagnant d’un état de stress oxydant. Le fer interagirait dans cette pathogenèse à différents niveaux et aurait également un rôle majeur dans la survenue de la dysfonction endothéliale. L’hepcidine et l’érythroferrone (découverte auparavant sous le nom de myonectine/CTRP 15), participeraient dans la régulation de certaines étapes du métabolisme du fer. La diméthyl-arginine asymétrique (ADMA), marqueur de dysfonction endothéliale, est associée à la plupart des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire. Son stéréo-isomère, la diméthyl-arginine symétrique (SDMA), a une élimination exclusivement rénale et est considéré comme un puissant marqueur de fonction rénale.Nous nous sommes proposés d’étudier, chez des patients en phase aiguë d’IDM, la signification des paramètres traditionnels du statut du fer, des protéines impliquées dans la régulation du fer, l’hepcidine et la myonectine, ainsi que des dérivés méthylés de la L-arginine, l’ADMA et la SDMA.Dans notre première étude prospective, nous observons que les valeurs de SDMA, et dans une moindre mesure celles d'ADMA, sont associées à la glycémie d'admission et pourraient donc exercer des actions biologiques indépendantes de la fonction rénale. Notre second travail suggère que les patients présentant de l’insuffisance cardiaque à la phase aiguë de l’IDM sont caractérisés par une anémie et un certain degré de carence en fer. Le dosage des nouveaux biomarqueurs de la régulation du métabolisme du fer, l'hepcidine et la myonectine a montré une tendance à l’augmentation de ces taux sériques chez ces patients en lien avec une augmentation de la CRP. Ainsi nos travaux laissent entrevoir les liens qui uniraient, à la phase aiguë de l’infarctus du myocarde, ces nouveaux biomarqueurs régulateurs du métabolisme du fer aux conséquences fonctionnelles des pathologies cardiovasculaires, notamment en termes d’anémie et d’insuffisance cardiaque. / Myocardial infarction (MI) is mostly caused by complications of atherosclerosis, whose the development would be initiated by a dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, characterized by an inflammatory condition and oxidative stress.In this pathogenesis, iron interacts at different levels and also has a major role in the development of endothelial dysfunction. Hepcidin and erythroferrone (discovered earlier as the myonectin/CTRP 15) participate in a major way in regulating certain stages of iron metabolism.Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a marker of endothelial dysfunction is associated with most cardiovascular risk factors. Symmetrical dimethyl-arginine (SDMA), its stereoisomer, has an exclusively renal elimination and is considered as a powerful renal function marker.We aimed to study, in patients with acute MI, the meaning of the "traditional" status iron parameters, two proteins involved in the regulation of iron, hepcidin and myonectin, as well as the two L-arginine derivatives, ADMA and SDMA. In our first prospective study, we observe that, in patients with acute MI, the values of SDMA, and only weakly ADMA, are associated with admission blood glucose, beyond traditional dimethylarginine determinants and may therefore have biological activity beyond renal function.Our second work suggests that patients with heart failure in the acute phase of MI present more frequently anemia and a certain degree of iron deficiency. New iron metabolism regulators biomarkers, hepcidin and myonectin showed a trend toward an increase in the serum levels in these patients characterized by an increase in CRP.Thus, our work suggests the links between these new regulators of iron metabolism in acute MI with functional consequences of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in terms of anemia and heart failure.