While the duration of the cancer illness may be shorter than that of other serious diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, cancer caregivers provide many more hours of care during a week. Research directed at the intensive experience of caregiving of hospice cancer patients is needed as there is limited research of predictors of hospice cancer caregiver depression symptomatology. The purpose of the study was to examine predictors of depression symptomatology in caregivers of hospice cancer patients. A secondary analysis was conducted using baseline assessment data of patients and caregivers from a larger study of patient/caregiver dyads from two large hospices (NIH 5R01 NR 008252). Statistical methods included Pearson's, point bi-serial, and phi correlation. Multiple regression and logistic regression were used to examine prediction. The variables of wife caregiver, patient symptom global distress, and caregiver support satisfaction accounted for 13% of the variance in caregiver depression symptomatology as measured by the CES-D 10 (M = 2.97, SD = 2.15) in the patient/caregiver dyad sample (n = 578). Approximately 38% of the 578 caregivers had CES-D 10 scores of 4 or greater upon patient admission to hospice. CES-D 10 scores 4 or greater have been found predictive for a diagnosis of depression (Irwin, Artin and Oxman, 1999). Examining odd ratios, wife caregiver was positively predictive and caregiver support satisfaction was negatively predictive of CES-D 10 scores of 4 or greater. The results support the need for depression symptom screening of caregivers, the importance of support satisfaction and the need to examine additional caregiver factors, along with patient factors, that may contribute to depression symptomatology in caregivers of hospice cancer patients.

Although Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is considered to be a lifelong condition, some toddlers experience diagnostic instability over time. In particular, some toddlers’ diagnosis changes between ASD and Global Developmental Delay (GDD). However, little is known about the subset of children who change diagnosis. In a total of 424 toddlers who either maintained or changed diagnosis, the current study identified predictors of change in diagnosis and severity in those who change from ASD to non-ASD (ASD-NON), ASD to GDD (ASD-GDD), non-ASD to ASD (NON-ASD), and GDD to ASD (GDD-ASD) between two years old and four years old. Initial ASD symptom severity and participation in intervention services were predictive of all transitions. Additionally, receptive language predicted ASD-NON transition and socioeconomic status predicted ASD-GDD transition. Implications for informing prognosis of children, identifying targets of intervention, refining of screening and diagnostic measures, and measuring change in severity regardless of categorical change are discussed.

Research among ministers showed that they are experiencing high levels of stress due to career demands and having to cope with problems on their own (Grosch & Olsen, 2000:260). This has a detrimental effect on their health (Andrew, 1997:SO). Participation in physical activity have positive effects on the physical and psychological well being. Physical activity decrease work stress and increase work satisfaction and -stamina (Dreyer & Strydom, 1992:28). The objectives of this study was to determine the profiles of physical activity participation and the incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation type and congregation size in ministers, as well as the influence of physical activity on the relationship between stress symptoms and congregation demography (type and size). Congregation demography was divided into congregation type (location) as well as congregation size (number of church members). In this study a single cross sectional design that has been based on an availability profile has been used. The subjects were 340 ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church, who volunteered to participate in the study. The quality of participation in physical activity was determined with Sharkey's (1997:432) physical activity index The incidence of stress symptoms was determined with Burn's (1988) stress index and the congregation demography was determined by a self-reported questionnaire. The data was analysed by means of a one-way analysis of variance. From the data it is clear that the majority of the respondents were physically inactive and have a low incidence of stress symptoms in relation to congregation demography. The results of the stress symptoms may be attributed to the fact that religion and belief in God may play a vital role in the management of stress. Physical activity participation indicated a statistical significant (p≤0.05) influence on the relationship between stress symptoms and congregation demography. A highly practical significant difference (ES≥0.8) existed between high active and low active ministers working in congregations in rural areas. Physical activity participation also showed a moderate practical significant influence (ES≥0.5) on the relationship between stress symptoms and congregation demography (type and size). It was concluded that physical activity presented a salutogenic effect on psychological well-being among ministers and that congregation demography can influence physical and psycho-emotional health threats of Dutch Reformed ministers. / Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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<p>The goal of this research study was to do an explorative study in order to establish the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis.</p>

<p>The focus of this research is the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for tuberculosis. The goal of this&nbsp / research study was to do an explorative study in order to establish the experiences of patients with regard to social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. The objectives to meet the goal were an exploration and description of patients&rsquo / experiences with regards to social and health service factors contributing to delays in seeking&nbsp / treatment for Tuberculosis. Another goal was to make recommendations on social and health service factors that contribute to patients&rsquo / delays in seeking treatment based on the findings. The research study had been of a qualitative nature exploring patients&rsquo / experiences of social and health services factors that contribute to delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. Qualitative&nbsp / research was used in this study using semi-structured interviews with an interview guide. Data analysis was done according to the eight steps as recorded in Tesch in Creswell (1994: 155). The&nbsp / findings of this research were or include social factors contributing to patients&rsquo / delays in seeking treatment for TB. There were four categories related to social factors namely socio-economic,&nbsp / substance abuse, psycho-social and interpersonal relations factors. The findings also indicated that there were health service factors contributing to patients&rsquo / delay in seeking treatment for TB.&nbsp / These include quality of health care services, attitudes of medical staff and other medical conditions treatment. It was concluded that social and health services, as mentioned indeed contribute to patients&rsquo / delays in seeking treatment for Tuberculosis. Recommendations for practice included better case detection, treatment and health education. In order to address the various social&nbsp / factors as described above it is necessary to treat TB holistically and include a social worker as part of the multidisciplinary team.</p>

Barnmisshandel är ett globalt folkhälsoproblem som resulterar i stora hälsokonsekvenser.Flera studier har visat att barnmisshandel kan leda till psykisk ohälsa hos de som utsatts,såsom depression och ångest. Det är dock få studier som har undersökt sambandet mellanbarnmisshandel och psykosomatiska symtom hos skolelever. Syftet med studien var attundersöka förekomsten av utsatthet (fysisk barnmisshandel och/eller barn som bevittnat våld)och psykosomatiska symtom bland elever i årskurs nio. Syftet var också att undersökasambandet mellan utsatthet och psykosomatiska symtom. Studien var en tvärsnittsstudie och gjordes utifrån redan insamlad data från den nationellakartläggningen om barnmisshandel 2011. Studiepopulationen bestod av 3207 elever i niondeklass och svarsfrekvensen var 84 procent. Specifikt utvalda frågor ur datamaterialetbearbetades utifrån deskriptiva frekvenstabeller, chi²- test och oddskvoter (OR) med 95procent konfidensintervall. Resultatet beskriver förekomsten av barnmisshandel och/eller bevittnat våld, psykosomatiskasymtom en gång i veckan eller oftare och sambandet dem emellan samt bakgrundsfaktorersom har samband med psykosomatiska symtom. Det var 18 procent av skoleleverna somangav att de någon gång blivit fysisk bestraffade och 7 procent angav att de bevittnat våldmellan föräldrarna. Det var 34 procent av eleverna som rapporterade 1-2 symtom en gång iveckan eller oftare och 26 procent rapporterade 3 eller fler symtom en gång i veckan elleroftare. Det statistsikt signifikanta sambandet mellan fysisk misshandel och psykosomatiskasymtom framkom vara starkare om eleven hade multipla symtom (OR=4,254). Det fannsinget statistiskt signifikant samband mellan att bevittnat våld och 1-2 psykosomatiskasymtom. Däremot fanns ett signifikant samband mellan att ha bevittnat våld hemma och 3eller fler symtom (OR=3,903). / Child abuse is a global public health problem with major health consequences. Several studieshave shown that child abuse can result in mental health problem, such as depression andanxiety. However, there have been few studies about the association between child abuse andpsychosomatic symptoms in schoolchildren. The aim of the study has been to investigate theprevalence of physical child abuse and/or children who have witnessed partner violence andpsychosomatic symptoms. The aim was also to examine physical child abuse associated withpsychosomatic symptoms.The study was a cross- sectional study and was based on already collected data from aNational Survey about Child Abuse 2011. The study constituted of 3207 students in 9th gradeand the response rate was 84 percent. In this study were questions selected from the NationalSurvey about Child Abuse 2011 and data were processed by descriptive tables, chi²- tests andodds ratio (OR) with 95 percent confidence intervals. The results describe the incidence of child abuse and/or children who have witnessed partnerviolence, psychosomatic symptoms once a week or more and the association between themand background factors associated with psychosomatic symptoms. It was 18 percent of thestudents who reported they had been physical punished and 7 percent reported they havewitnessed violence between parents. It was 34 percent of the students who indicated that theyhad 1-2 symptoms once a week or more and 26 percent of the students who indicated that theyhad 3 or more symptoms once a week or more. There were a statistic significant associationbetween physical abuse and psychosomatic symptoms and it was even stronger if the studenthad multiple symptoms (OR=4,254). There were no statistic significant association betweenwitnessing violence and 1-2 psychosomatic symptoms. However, there were a statisticsignificant association between witnessing violence and 3 or more symptoms (OR=3,903).

Background Beliefs about voices, their origin, intent and powerfulness can all impact on the voice hearer, their level of distress and their need for help. Interpersonal difficulties can exacerbate distress and be reflected in the person’s relationship with their voices. Emotion regulation strategies, which may be functional or dysfunctional help the person manage their reaction. This study aims to investigate beliefs about voices, symptoms and interpersonal issues as well as how well these areas predict emotion regulation strategies Methods Two groups of participants (18 with low and 16 with high omnipotence scores) were recruited through their mental health workers. The participants completed six self-report measures that assessed beliefs, emotion regulation strategies, interpersonal difficulties, dimensions of voice hearing and symptoms. Results Omnipotence scores differentiated some of the interpersonal issues and only one symptom subscale (phobic anxiety); those who scored high on the omnipotence subscale experienced more difficulties. For the emotion regulation subscales, lower omnipotence scorers differed significantly from the higher omnipotence scorers, using more external functional and dysfunctional strategies. Regression analysis showed that ‘distress’ incorporating the PSYRATS emotion subscale, the BSI grand total and the IIP-32 total predicted the use of dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies, but omnipotence beliefs did not add much to this. Conclusions Overall voice hearers experience a range of beliefs about their voices. Those with higher omnipotence beliefs find it difficult to socialise, be involved with other people, and are too dependent and caring with reference to other people. Omnipotent beliefs did not, in general, differentiate symptoms or emotion regulation strategies. This would suggest that beliefs may not be what determines distress and subsequent help seeking. Distress and interpersonal issues predict the use of emotion regulation strategies with little being added to the prediction by omnipotent beliefs; this suggests that there may be an alternative to the single symptom approach. Further research is required to assess the contribution made by emotion regulation to the development, maintenance and course of voice hearing. Assessment and interventions with reference to emotion regulation also require investigation.

Ambulatory surgery is common and develops alongside surgery and anesthetic methods. Time admitted is short and aftercare takes place in the home environment. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate which symptoms patients experience after ambulatory surgery related to anesthesia. Furthermore how strongly symptoms affect the patient. Symptoms appear as a result of anesthesia and surgery and can therefore be interpreted as nursing induced suffering. Method: Participants were recruited at ambulatory clinics at a Swedish university hospital spring, 2015.  Prior to the study permission was granted from the clinic managers. The study is a quantitative descriptive longitudinal study.  Data collection forms were administered and data collection was performed by phone. Incisional pain, headache, neck pain, hoarseness, postoperative sore throat, nausea, drowsiness, post-discharge urine retention and numbness were requested parameters. Answers were evaluated as; none-existing, mild, moderate and severe. Data was measured at 48 hours and postoperative day seven. Result: The study included 67 participants. The various symptoms were all apparent to some extent by some of the participants at 48 hours. Concerning headache, neck pain, hoarseness, sore throat, nausea, urine retention and numbness most were symptom free. Incisional pain and drowsiness however affected the participants noticeably. Seven days after surgery there was an overall improvement throughout the parameters. Although incisional pain and drowsiness also lessened some participants still evaluated their experience moderate to severe. Conclusion: The majority of the day surgery patients were content with their care, in our study 97% were satisfied. There was an improvement within the experienced symptoms after seven days compared to after 48 hours. There is room for improvement concerning pain management and time for recovery in the home environment as drowsiness was still an evident issue. / Dagkirurgi är vanligt och drivs framåt av utvecklingen inom kirurgi och anestesi. Vårdtiden är kort och mycket av eftervården sker i hemmet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka vilka symptom patienter upplever efter genomgången dagkirurgi relaterat till anestesi. Vidare undersöks hur starkt olika symptom påverkar patienten. Symptom efter anestesi och kirurgi uppkommer till följd av omvårdnaden och kan därför tolkas som ett vårdlidande. Metod: Deltagare har rekryterats från dagkirurgiska avdelningar vid ett mellansvenskt universitetssjukhus våren 2015. Tillstånd inhämtades före studien från verksamhetschefer. Studien är en beskrivande kvantitativ longitudinell studie och data har samlats in med frågeformulär där svaren delgivits via telefon. Parametrarna smärta i operationsområde, huvudvärk, smärta i nacke, heshet, smärta i svalg, illamående, trötthet, urinretention samt känselbortfall har efterfrågats. Svaren har delgivits på en skala som graderats i nivåer från; inte alls, mild, måttlig och svår.  Mättillfällen var efter 48 timmar samt sju dagar postoperativt. Resultat: Studien har 67 deltagare. Efter 48 timmar upplevdes de olika symptomen alltid av någon deltagare, men vid huvudvärk, smärta i nacke, heshet, smärta i svalg, illamående, urinretention samt känselbortfall var de flesta symptomfria. Smärta i operationsområdet och trötthet påverkade dock patienterna påtagligt. Efter sju dagar upplevdes förbättring i alla parametrar. Smärta i operationsområdet samt trötthet minskade, men upplevdes fortfarande av vissa som måttlig och svår. Slutsats: De flesta dagkirurgiska patienterna är nöjda med sin vård, 97% i vår studie. En förbättring i upplevda symptom finns efter sju dagar jämfört med efter 48 timmar. Förbättringspotential finns inom smärtlindring och vidare bör utrymme för återhämtning finnas då trötthet visat sig vara förekommande

No description available.