Thesis(M.S.)--Auburn University, 2005. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M. App. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. S.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Laskar Joy; Committee Member: Cressler John; Committee Member: Tentzeris Emmanouil

Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Synthen är ett instrument vars ljud inte behöver begränsas av dess fysiska form och utseende i samma utsträckning som instrumenten före dess tid. Inte heller är den begränsad till ett signifikant ljud utan har möjligheten att producera en enorm variation av både imitativa som unika ljud. Men med tidens gång har vi etablerat och fastställt vissa etablerade konventioner vid användningen av synthen, underliggande koncepten som tidigare paradigm har skapat inom vår förhållningsätt till den. Syftet med undersökningen är att belysa två etablerade konventioner i synthens användargränssnitt och ljuddesignsfunktion, nämligen klaviatur och förinställda ljud. Detta för att sedan med hjälp av tre djupintervjuer forma en bild av hur några av dagens producenter av elektronisk musik tycker, tänker och använder sig av dessa funktioner. För att ge en referenspunkt till konventionerna som behandlas i intervjuerna har litteratur om synen samt utvecklingen av synthen studerats och satts i kontext med paradigmbegreppet. Resultatet av undersökningen antyder på att konventionerna inte används i dess ursprungliga mening i fallet med de tre informanterna. Dock så letar sig konventionerna in i många av de synthar som informanterna använder sig av. Musikstil påverkar även hur producenterna använder sig av de etablerade konventionerna, Detsamma gäller även i viss mån användandet av synthar i live sammanhang.

Abstract This thesis studies the level of performance achievable using today's standard IC processes in the integrated RF subcircuits of the modern GSM base station. The thesis concentrates on those circuit functions, i.e. I/Q modulators, variable gain amplifiers and frequency synthesizers, most relevant for integration in the base station environment as pinpointed by studying the receiver/transmitter architectures available today. Several RF integrated circuits have been designed, fabricated and their level of performance measured. All main circuits were fabricated in a standard double-metal double-poly 1.2 and 0.8 μm BiCMOS process. Key circuit structures and their measured properties are: 90° phase shifter with ±1° phase error with VCC = 4.5…5.5 V and T = -10…+85 °C, I/Q modulator suitable for operation at output frequencies from 100 MHz to 1 GHz and baseband frequencies from 60 to 500 kHz (2.0 mm × 2.0 mm, 100 mA, 5.0 V) with LO suppression of 38 dBc and image rejection of 41 dBc, temperature compensated DC to 1.5 GHz variable gain amplifier (1.15 mm × 2.00 mm, 100 mA, 5.0 V) with a linear 50 dB gain adjustment range, maximum gain of 18.5 dB and gain variation of 1 dB up to 700 MHz over the whole operating conditions range of VCC = 4.5…5.5 V and T = -10…+85 °C, a complete bipolar semicustom synthesizer (90…122 mA, 5.0 V) and two complete full-custom BiCMOS synthesizer chips including all building blocks of a PLL-based synthesizer except for the voltage controlled oscillator and the loop filter. The synthesizers include circuit structures such as ∼2 GHz multi-modulus divider and low-noise programmable phase detector/charge pump (18.7 pA/√Hz at Iout = 500 μA) and have an exemplar phase noise performance of -110 dBc/Hz at 200 kHz offset. One of the main problems of the integer-N PLL based synthesizer when used in a multichannel telecommunications system is the level of spurious signals at the output, when the synthesizer is optimised for fast frequency switching. Therefore, a method using only two current pulses to make the frequency step response of the loop faster, thus allowing a narrower loop bandwidth to be used for additional spur suppression, is proposed. The operation of the proposed speed-up method is analysed mathematically and verified by measurements of an existing RF-IC synthesizer operating at 800 MHz. Measurements show that simple current pulses can be used to speed up the channel switching of a practical RF synthesizer having a frequency step time in the tens of μs range. In the example, a 7.65 MHz frequency step was made seven times faster using the proposed method.

This thesis presents research into ultra-low noise photonic microwave synthesis and the development of a novel, frequency comb-based, fibre optic time transfer technique. The focus in the first area is on reducing the noise introduced in the optical-to- electrical conversion process using balanced optical-microwave phase detectors. Two mainly free-space and two mainly fibre-based devices were built and their performance was characterised. The phase noise of the optical-to-electrical conversion of the free-space device was -119 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 1 Hz and -143 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 20 kHz from an 8 GHz carrier which is the best performance reported for a free-space balanced-optical microwave phase detector. The improved fibre-based set-ups demonstrated a state-of-the-art amplitude-to-phase noise suppression of 60 dB and a phase noise of the optical-to-electrical conversion of -131 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 1 Hz and 148 dBc Hz⁻¹ at 20 kHz from an 8 GHz carrier. The novel time transfer technique developed in the second part superimposes timing information onto the optical pulse train of an ITU-channel-filtered frequency comb using an intensity modulation scheme. Time transfer over a 50 km long, delay-stabilised fibre spool produced a state-of-the-art time deviation of 300 fs and an accuracy of approximately 0.01 ns which is close to the best performance achieved using amplitude modulated cw lasers. Using this technique on a 159 km long installed fibre link between NPL and Reading, the same time deviation was achieved and an accuracy of approximately 0.08 ns was obtained, limited by uncertainty of the time interval counter. Using the same fibre link, microwave frequency transfer of the ITU-channel-filtered comb was demonstrated with a fractional frequency instability of 2x10⁻¹⁷ at 5000 s which is approximately at the same level as the best previously reported results which were obtained with a 30 nm wide optical frequency comb.

The purpose of this project has been to compose and arrange music to be performed by an ensemble using electronic instruments such as synthesizers and samplers. The goal has been to try to create an electronic music ensemble that utilizes improvisation while staying true to the sound of modern electronic music in terms of rhythm, harmony and melody. I have also been investigating how to incorporate the electric bass in this type of music, that most often uses synth bass. This could be done through the use of various effect pedals. I have also done a comparison on how or if jazz improvisation differs from improvisation in electronic music. The type of electronic music that we aimed for sounded better with the use of a more minimalistic approach to improvisation. / <p>Låtlista:</p><p>1. Låt 1</p><p>2. Jungle Fever</p><p>3. Rhubarb</p><p>4. Gömböc</p><p>5. Till Mamma</p><p></p><p>Alla låtar skrivna av Olle Adell.</p><p></p><p>Medverkande:</p><p>Courtney Duck - Sång</p><p>Emil Lennstrand - Synthesizer</p><p>Olle Adell - Elbas &amp; synthesizer</p><p>Sammy Hsia - SPD-SX &amp; synthesizer</p>