Diploma thesis "Health care expenditures- future prospects and current situation" is focused on three areas linked to health care expenditures in EU and USA. First area, health expenditures financing, is analyzed in first chapter of the thesis. In the chapter, the development of modern health systems from its beginnings to 2014 is described. Second chapter is based on statistical hypothesis testing- paired two-sample t-tests. Firstly, share of health expenditures on GDP in 2000 and 2014 is tested. Secondly, share of public financing on health expenditures in 2000 and 2014 in tested. Third chapter explores influence of demography factors on health care expenditures and tests structure of health care expenditures in 2004 and 2013.

The aim of the thesis is to evaluate whether is there a convergence in the tax systems of the EU Member States or not. The first chapter describes a development in a process of tax coordination and harmonization of the EU Member States. The next chapter focuses on a description and comparison of the current state of the tax systems in the European Union. The third chapter deals with the statistical evaluation of the development of individual variables - overall tax quota, tax quota of individual taxes, implicit tax rates, statutory tax rates, for individual taxes and a group of taxes between 1995 and 2011 period. The fourth chapter summarizes the results of the analysis.

This diploma thesis evaluates and processes data from final device checks. All the devices are similar types of thermal overcurrent relays by the ABB company. For appropriate statistical data processing, the Minitab 14 statistical software was used and various statistical methods were applied. Results are always listed for each device type and each method used. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first one analyzes the methods used and the second part states the method results. There is also an overall evaluation of the processed data.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka förhållandet mellan aktiesplit och överavkastning och att fastställa om en enskild investerare kan uppnå en överavkastning genom att investera i aktier noterade på OMXSPI som har genomfört en aktiesplit. Genom en genomgå av tidigare forskning samt genomförande av en egen dataanalys kommer denna studie att undersöka huruvida aktier som har genomfört en aktiesplit genererar en överavkastning jämfört med aktier som inte har genomgått en split. Teoretisk referensram: Denna studie bygger på och utmanar antagandet av den effektiva marknadshypotesen som hävdar att det inte är möjligt för en enskild investerare att uppnå överavkastning. Signalhypotesen och handelsintervallshypotesen kommer också att beaktas i undersökningen. Metod: Denna studie är av kvantitativ karaktär och använder en deduktiv ansats. Undersökningsmodellen är baserad på 131 handelsdagar som är uppdelade i fem olika eventfönster. Prisdata har samlats in för hela händelseperioden, och därefter har data bearbetats matematiskt och analyserats statistiskt. Slutsats: Resultaten från studien antyder att aktier som genomgick en aktiesplit mellan 2010 och 2022 genererade en avkastning som var 10,89% högre än aktier som inte genomgick en aktiesplit. Resultaten av studien kan bekräftas med 99% säkerhet. / Purpose: The study examines the relationship between stock splits and abnormal return, in order to investigate whether an individual investor can generate excess returns by investing in stocks listed on OMXSPI that are scheduled to undergo a split. By reviewing previous research and conducting an independent data analysis, the study will investigate whether stocks that have undergone a split generate abnormal return compared to those that have not undergone a split. Theoretical perspectives: The study builds on and challenges the efficient market hypothesis assumption that it is not possible for an individual investor to generate excess returns. The signaling hypothesis and the trading range hypothesis will also be considered. Method: The study is of a quantitative nature with a deductive approach. The research model is based on 131 trading days divided into five different events. Price data is collected for the entire event period and is mathematically calculated and analyzed statistically. Conclusions: The study's results indicate that stocks that undergo a stock split between 2010-2022 generate a 10.89% higher return than stocks that do not undergo a stock split. The results can be confirmed with a 99% level of certainty.

Classical method of portfolio selection is based on minimizing the variabi- lity of the portfolio. The Law of Large Numbers tells us that in case of longer investment horizon it should be enough to invest in the asset with the highest expected return which will eventually outperform any other portfolio. In our thesis we will suggest some portfolio creation methods which will create Maxi- mum Return Portfolios. These methods will be based on finding the asset with maximal expected return. That way we will avoid the problem of estimation errors of expected returns. Two of those methods will be selected based on the results of simulation analysis. Those two methods will be tested with the real stock data and compared with the S&P 500 index. Results of the testing suggest that our portfolios could have an application in the real world. Mainly because our portfolios showed to be significantly better than the index in the case of 10 year investment horizon. 1

<p>For several years, FORAN Remote Sensing in Linköping has been using pulseintense laser scannings together with multispectral imaging for developing analysismethods in forestry. One area these laser scannings and images are used for is toclassify the species of single trees in forests. The species have been divided intopine, spruce and deciduous trees, classified by a Maximum Likelihood classifier.This thesis presents the work done on a more spectrally high-resolution imagery,hyperspectral images. These images are divided into more, and finer gradedspectral components, but demand more signal processing. A new classifier, SupportVector Machine, is tested against the previously used Maximum LikelihoodClassifier, to see if it is possible to increase the performance. The classifiers arealso set to divide the deciduous trees into aspen, birch, black alder and gray alder.The thesis shows how the new data set is handled and processed to the differentclassifiers, and shows how a better result can be achieved using a Support VectorMachine.</p>

For several years, FORAN Remote Sensing in Linköping has been using pulseintense laser scannings together with multispectral imaging for developing analysismethods in forestry. One area these laser scannings and images are used for is toclassify the species of single trees in forests. The species have been divided intopine, spruce and deciduous trees, classified by a Maximum Likelihood classifier.This thesis presents the work done on a more spectrally high-resolution imagery,hyperspectral images. These images are divided into more, and finer gradedspectral components, but demand more signal processing. A new classifier, SupportVector Machine, is tested against the previously used Maximum LikelihoodClassifier, to see if it is possible to increase the performance. The classifiers arealso set to divide the deciduous trees into aspen, birch, black alder and gray alder.The thesis shows how the new data set is handled and processed to the differentclassifiers, and shows how a better result can be achieved using a Support VectorMachine.

Forty songs are randomly selected from four randomly selected maqams. Songs are restricted to be in sofyan us&uuml / l (sofyan rhythmic form) to check the statistical significance. Next, fractal dimensions of the these songs are calculated by using two different method and two different scattering diagrams. In the first method, fractal dimensions are calculated via two different box sizes. As for second method, successively decreased box sizes are used. In addition, standard deviation and mean values of the fractal dimensions are calculated to check the relation between fractal dimension and maqam. T test and F test are applied to check the statistical significance. After these calculations, it is verified that fractal dimension can be used as an information source concerning the Turkish art music songs which are nonlinear dynamical systems. Moreover, it is showed that maqams can have their own fractal dimension for low resolutions. On the other hand, it is seen that for high resolutions all songs have almost same fractal dimension.

If a correlation exists between cost and project delivery system then this is crucial knowledge for any group organizing a new construction project. It has been observed anecdotally that the construction cost per student of public elementary schools has been observed to continue to increase in the state of Texas, even with the recent downturn in the economy. The recent economic depression in the USA has seen construction material costs stagnate and construction costs dropping. This is a direct result of the competitive nature of a market that has a lack of business. The issue of a rising cost at the time of a falling market is of more than a passing research interest to school superintendents and the people of Texas. This study investigated the relationship between cost and project delivery systems. A survey was sent to all school superintendents in Texas requesting recent data on elementary school enrollment, project delivery type and construction costs. One hundred and thirty six responses were received from one thousand and seventy six Texas school districts. A comparative means test was used to determine if a relationship exists between construction cost per student and project delivery system for public elementary schools in Texas. The research shows that Texas school districts are primarily using two types of project delivery systems for their new school construction, Construction Management at Risk and Competitive Sealed Proposals. After comparing the average construction cost per student for these two project delivery systems, the statistical analysis showed that Competitive Sealed Proposals cost approximately four thousand dollar less per student than Construction Management at Risk. The clear question is then as to why are districts using Construction Management at Risk when the comparative benefits of the contract type are not worth this amount of money per student.

Freie Universiẗat, Diss.--Berlin, 2005.