Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2001--Aachen.

Si le tableau est un objet ancien supplanté par un grand nombre de pratiques contemporaines, certainsartistes développent toujours leur recherche autour et avec lui. Se pose dès lors la question de son actualité. EnFrance au début des années 80, les pratiques picturales abstraites sont laissées de côté au profit d’une nouvellepeinture ouverte aux influences internationales et d’un art qui, au final, se passe de cet objet. C’est toujours lecas aujourd’hui, bien que l’on constate un regain d’intérêt pour le tableau ces dernières années. Ce n’est pas sanscompter sur la force structurale de cet objet ancien mais présent à d’autres endroits et dans d’autres pratiquessocioculturelles que la peinture et l’art contemporains, notamment à travers ces nouvelles fenêtres que sont lesécrans numériques et, avant eux, la photographie, le cinéma et la télévision. Aussi le tableau a-t-il encore debeaux jours devant lui, à interroger la place du sujet dans l’image que ses cadres, déplacés, nous proposent, ànourrir et déployer des espaces-temps qui a priori n’ont rien à voir avec son archaïsme. Dès lors, il s’agit decomprendre en quoi et pourquoi quelques individus aujourd’hui, en France notamment, continuent de peindre etd’avoir une pratique de fabrications d’objets et d’images à l’atelier, dans l’acception traditionnelle du terme. / If the age-old practice of painting has been supplanted by a large number of contemporary approaches tomaking art, certain artists are still primarily painters who make work about painting. This raises the question ofits relevance. In France in the early 1980s, abstract pictorial practices were left aside in favor of both a new kindof painting open to international influences, and an art that ultimately abandoned painting altogether. This is stillthe case today, although there has been a renewed interest in painting in recent years. This has to do, firstly, withthe structural force inherent to painting and the construction of pictorial space. Secondly, it has to do withsociocultural phenomena outside the realm of contemporary art : photography, film and television, and morerecently the widespread use of digital screens, have lead to the creation of new pictorial spaces. Painting still hasa promising future as a means of questioning the subject’s relationship to the image ; the shifting boundaries ofthe painted picture (the tableau) enrich and enlarge time-space frameworks, which, a priori, have nothing to dowith painting as an archaic practice. This thesis, therefore, attempts to understand how and why some individualstoday, especially in France, continue to paint, to make objects and images in their studios, in the traditional senseof the term.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-20T13:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O presente trabalho visa contribuir para a evolução dos sistemas integrados de controladoria e gestão, propondo a aplicação de um modelo de controle de performance global, o Tableau de Bord de Gestion, com base em informações obtidas através da Contabilidade por Atividades, utilizando-se de indicadores financeiros e não-financeiros, de modo integrado. A integração eficaz entre os indicadores de desempenho baseados na Contabilidade por Atividades e o Tableau de Bord de Gestion, um sistema de controle de gestão que visa a eficiência e a estratégia empresarial constitui-se em uma importante vantagem competitiva, na medida em que possibilita a otimização de tomadas de decisões estratégicas nos processos de negócios e permite a definição de objetivos, enfatizando a função #controller# para a gestão estratégica das organizações. Dentro deste contexto, o Tableau de Bord de Gestion, um sistema de gestão estratégico, visual, conciso, objetivo, integrado à Contabilidade por Atividades, pode propiciar uma grande contribuiçãoa à gestão estratégica das empresas brasileiras, focando para seus objetivos estratégicos e permitindo aos seus gestores traduzir com facilidade e transparência a estratégia dentro da ação, identificando e reforçando os fatores chaves de sucesso. O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa aplicada, cuja natureza tem caráter exploratório e inicia-se com uma revisão bibliográfica, abordando a importância da Gestão, Controle de Gestão e da Contabilidade por Atividades e conceitua o Tableau de Bord de Gestion. Descreve uma proposta de modelo de Tableau de Bord para empresas brasileiras e apresenta um estudo de caso com a aplicação do respectivo modelo em uma empresa do setor elétrico, concessionária de serviços de energia elétrica. Finalmente, conclui propondo recomendações e sugestões de aplicação do TBG em empresas brasileiras de outros ramos de atividade. The present work aims to contribute for evolution of controlling and management integrated systems, proposing the application of a global performance control model, the Tableau de Bord de Gestion, based in informations obtained through the Accounting for Activities, using of financial and not- financial indicators, of integrated way. The effective integration between the performance indicators based in the Accounting for Activities and in the Tableau de Bord de Gestion, a management control system that aims at efficiency and the managerial strategy it constitutes in an important competitive advantage, in the measure where enables the outlets strategic decisions optimization in the business processes and allows the definition of objectives, emphasizing the controller function for the organizations strategic management. Inside this context, the Tableau de Bord de Gestion, a strategic management system, visual, concise, objective, integrated to the Accounting for Activities, it can propitiate a big contribution to the strategical management of brazilian companies, focusing for their strategic goals and allowing to your managers translate with easiness and transparency the strategy inside the action, identifying and reinforcing the success key factors. The study it characterizes as an applied research, whose nature has exploratory character and it begins with a bibliographical revision, boarding the Management importance, Management Control and of the Accounting for Activities and concepting the Tableau de Bord de Gestion. It describes a model proposal of Tableau de Bord for brazilian companies and introduces a study of case with the respective model application in a electric company, concessionary of electric power services sector. Finally, it concludes proposing application recommendations and suggestions of TBG in brazilian companies of other kind of activity.

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’améliorer les tableaux de bord (dashboard) de visualisation afin d’aider à la prise de décision et d’analyse BI, et les rendre accessibles à un public plus large. Nous identifions les tendances actuelles et pratiques d’utilisation des dashboards de visualisation dans le domaine BI, et après une approche de conception centreé, nous proposons des améliorations et des solutions. Plus précisément, nous relevons les défis suivants: faire la construction du dashboard et d’utiliser accessible aux novices de visualisation, l’amélioration des dashboards avec des capacités d’annotation pour aider les analystes BI dans le processus d’analyse, et ajouter des fonctionnalités du storytelling pour aider à la communication entre les analystes et les décideurs. Notre approche centrée-utilisateur consiste à recueillir les besoins des utilisateurs (grâce à la recherche de fond, des entrevues en profondeur ou des séances de prototypage avec des experts BI), le développement itératif des prototypes, et l’évaluation des prototypes issus avec des utilisateurs représentatifs. Dans la première étape, notre travail rapporte idées recueillies au sujet des pratiques des utilisateurs novices sur Exploation Views (EV), un système qui permet aux utilisateurs novices de visualisation à créer facilement des dashboards et les personnaliser, mais fournit également des fonctionnalités nécessaires aux les experts. Nous avons évalué EV à la fois d’experts et des utilisateurs novices de visualisation, et constaté des différences dans la façon dont les experts et les utilisateurs novices interagissent avec l’interface. En se basant sur ces observations nous proposons de nouvelles lignes directrices, qui augmentent les travaux antérieurs, sur la conception pour les novices, dans le contexte des systèmes de visualisation interactifs sous forme de dashboard. Les analystes BI utilisant des dashboards (experts ou novices) ont besoin d’aide dans la tenue des dossiers de leur analyse, de leurs découvertes et des idées recueillies des données. Ce soutien fait défaut dans la plupart des systèmes de visualisation de dashboard. Nous avons effectué des entretiens approfondis avec des experts en analyse BI, qui ont révélé de nouveaux besoins d’annotation pour les systèmes de visualisation multi-graphiques (tels que des dashboard), sur lesquels nous avons basé la conception d’un prototype de tableau de bord qui gère les données et les annotations contextuels, qui peuvent être partagées à travers visualisations et des ensembles duel données. Nous nous sommes concentrés en particulier sur les aspects d’annotation innovantes, tels que les annotations multi-cibles, la transparence des annotations à travers des graphiques, ainsi que les annotations qui peuvent être partagées entre les différentes sources de données et des applications de BI. Nous avons identifié et fourni des solutions aux problèmes en utilisant les annotations contextuels, notamment les questions qui se posent lorsque le contexte de l’annotation change (par exemple les données annotées sont supprimés ou modifiés). Notre prototype a été évaluée avec des experts, utilisateurs BI, qui ont réussi d’effectuer facilement plusieurs tâches qu’ils estiment importants dans leur travail. / The goal of this thesis is to improve visualization dashboards in order to help decision making and Business Intelligence (BI) analysis, and make them accessible to a larger user audience. We identify current trends and use practices of visualization dashboards in the BI domain, and following a user-cantered design approach we provide enhancements and solutions. More specifically we address the following challenges: making dashboard construction and use accessible to visualization novices, enhancing dashboards with advanced annotation capabilities to help BI analysts in the analysis process, and add storytelling functionality to dashboards to help the communication between analysts and decision makers. Our user-centered approach consists of gathering user requirements (through background search, in-depth interviews or prototyping sessions with BI experts), iterative prototype development, and evaluation of our prototypes with representative users. First, our work reports gathered insights regarding novice user practices on Exploration Views (EV), a system that allows novice visualization users to easily build and customize BI information dashboards, but also provides functionality needed by experts. We evaluated EV with both expert and novice visualization users, and found differences in how experts and novice users interact with the interface. Based on those observations we provide new guidelines that augment previous work on designing for visualization novices, in the context of interactive visualization systems in the form of dashboards. BI analysts using dashboards (experts or novices) need support in record-keeping of their analysis, their data discoveries and gathered insights. This support is lacking in most dashboard visualization systems. We conducted in-depth interviews with BI experts that led to new annotation needs for multi-chart visualization systems (such as dashboards), on which we based the design of a dashboard prototype that supports data and context aware annotations, shared across visualizations and datasets. We focused particularly on novel annotation aspects, such as multi-target annotations, annotation transparency across charts, and annotations that can be shared among different data-sources and BI applications. We identified and provided solutions to challenges in using context aware annotations, notably issues arising when the annotation’s ”context” changes (e.g. annotated data are deleted or changed). Our prototype was evaluated with BI experts that were able to easily perform several tasks that they deemed important in their work. To increase the value of an analysis, recorded insights and knowledge need to be organized and communicated to others, and made available for future analysts to learn from. This communication step is very important, as often the analyst of data and the decision maker are two different people. To achieve this we need an easy insight organization and sharing mechanism to facilitate the transfer of knowledge, experiences, and stories, to decision makers and other analysts. We interviewed BI analysis experts and collected new requirements related to BI visual storytelling. Based on these requirements we designed and implemented a storytelling prototype that is integrated in a dashboard analysis tool, and allows easy transition from analysis to story creation and sharing. Our system was identified by experts as having great potential for training other analysts. Moreover, it can help BI analysis authors organize and communicate their findings faster to decision makers, and they can reach a broader audience since the results of a data analysis presented in the storytelling tool can be read with little to no training.

Toute organisation se doit de gérer leur performance en mettant en place un ensemble de processus organisationnels et de technologies visant à optimiser l'exécution de leur stratégie pour atteindre leurs objectifs. Afin de faire le suivi de l’atteinte des objectifs et d’aider à la prise de décision, les tableaux de bord de gestion (TBG) gagnent de plus en plus en popularité auprès des gestionnaires. Un TBG est un outil visuel présentant les informations nécessaires à l’atteinte d’un ou plusieurs objectifs. Ces informations sont consolidées et organisées sur un seul écran afin de pouvoir les surveiller en un seul coup d’œil et de suivre les progrès par rapport aux objectifs définis. Un TBG doit principalement permettre aux gestionnaires d’obtenir une représentation mentale véridique et complète de l’état de la situation. Le modèle théorique de la conscience de la situation (CS) caractérise cette représentation mentale en trois niveaux : perception, compréhension et projection. La prise de décision s’appuie en grande partie sur la capacité à anticiper l’état futur de l’environnement qui réfère au niveau de la projection de la CS. Cette projection se base principalement sur la connaissance du système causal de l’environnement. Or, dans le domaine de la gestion, les différentes méthodes de conception de TBG n’abordent pas ou peu ce système causal et aucune de ces méthodes ne rend explicite ce système causal dans l’interface visuelle d’un TBG. Ce mémoire a ainsi pour objectif premier de proposer une technique de conception de TBG causal basée sur le système causal de l’environnement afin de mieux soutenir les trois niveaux de la CS, principalement le niveau de la projection. La littérature scientifique sur la CS et les modèles mentaux sont à la base de cette technique de conception. Cette recherche se distingue par le fait qu’elle applique à la gestion des notions provenant du domaine de l’ingénierie cognitive. Ces notions ont été appliquées dans des domaines tels l’aviation et le contrôle de processus industriels, mais rarement à la gestion. Le deuxième objectif est d’appliquer cette technique pour la conception d’un TBG causal pour la gestion de l’unité des soins intensifs pédiatriques du Centre hospitalier universitaire Ste-Justine. Finalement, le dernier objectif de ce mémoire est d’évaluer expérimentalement le TBG causal en le comparant à un TBG traditionnel. Le TBG traditionnel est similaire au TBG causal sauf qu’il ne présente pas de manière explicite le système causal. Cette expérimentation a été réalisée auprès de dix gestionnaires hospitaliers pendant une simulation de tâches. Cette simulation durait environ une heure et était constituée de dix-huit questions. Chaque question était reliée à un des trois niveaux de la CS. Afin d’évaluer le soutien de la CS par rapport au type de TBG utilisé, l’efficacité des réponses et le temps de complétion des tâches sont les mesures de performance analysées. Les principaux résultats de cette étude démontrent que l’explicitation du système causal ne permet pas d’avoir de meilleures prédictions, mais permet de réduire significativement le temps de réponse pour les tâches liées aux niveaux de la compréhension et de la projection de la CS.

In this dissertation we prove the Completeness, Soundness and Compactness of the Monadic Hybrid Calculus MHC and we prove its expressive equivalence to the Monadic Predicate Calculus MPC. The Monadic Hybrid Calculus MHC is a new system that is based on the (propositional) modal logic S5. It is “Hybrid” in the sense that it includes quantifier free MPC and therefore, unlike S5, allows free individual constants. The main innovation in this system is the elimination of bound variables. In MHC, upper case letters denote properties and lower case letters denote individuals. Universal quantification is represented by square brackets, [], and existential quantification is represented by angled brackets, 〈〉. Thus, All Athenians are Greek and mortal is formalized as [A](G∧M), Some mortal Greeks are Athenians as 〈M∧G〉A, and Socrates is mortal and Athenian as s(M∧A). We give the formal syntax and the formal semantics of [MHC] and give Beth-style Tableau Rules (Inference Rules). In these rules, if [P]Q is on the right then we select a new constant [v] and we add [vP] on left, vQ on the right, and we cancel the formula. If [P]Q is on the left then we select a pre-used constant p and split the tree. We add pP on the right of one branch and pQ on the left of the other branch. We treat 〈P〉Q similarly. Our Completeness proof uses induction on formulas down a path in the proof tree. Our Soundness proof uses induction up a path. To prove that MPC is logically equivalent to the Monadic Predicate Calculus, we present algorithms that transform formulas back and forth between these two systems. Compactness follows immediately. Finally, we examine the pragmatic usage of the Monadic Hybrid Calculus and we compare it with the Monadic Predicate Calculus using natural language examples. We also examine the novel notions of the Hybrid Predicate Calculus along with their pragmatic implications. / Graduate / 0800 / 0984

Cette étude met en évidence la manière dont Schiller, après sa lecture de Kant et de Diderot, intègre le public dans sa dramaturgie pour pouvoir donner une dimension publique et politique à la représentation théâtrale de ses drames. Schiller crée ainsi une dramaturgie qui lui permet d’aborder des sujets soulevés par la Révolution Française et qui réutilise certains éléments de la tragédie classique française.La première partie de cette étude, consacrée à la tragédie classique française, retrace l’évolution du concept de « public » au cours du 17e siècle en examinant les différentes formes de publics de cette époque, notamment dans la Querelle du Cid, la Pratique du Théâtre de l’abbé d’Aubignac et les tragédies de Corneille et de Racine.Dans la deuxième partie, nous démontrons que depuis le 18e siècle et le drame bourgeois en particulier, l’acte d’assister à une représentation théâtrale n’est plus entendu comme une action publique qui se déroule devant d’autres spectateurs mais comme une action intrinsèquement subjective. Ce concept de spectateur permet de créer une sphère publique dans le sens moderne du terme.Dans la dernière partie, nous analysons les rapports qui existent d’une part entre, la dramaturgie tardive de Schiller et son esthétique développée à partir de la lecture de Kant et de Diderot, d’autre part, entre cette dramaturgie intrinsèquement publique et la tragédie classique française. Le concept de « public » qui est à la base cette dramaturgie est distingué d’autres concepts du public développés dans les écrits théoriques de Schiller et est illustré par l’analyse de Wallenstein, Marie Stuart et de Démétrius. / The present study shows how Schiller, as a consequence of his reading of Kant and Diderot, includes the audience in his dramaturgy and thereby gives the scenic situation a public character, which allows him to represent political issues typical of the French Revolution. This serves to explain why Schiller’s later plays, especially Wallenstein, Maria Stuart and Demetrius, adapt some features of French classical tragedy.The first part of the study explains how, during the Querelle du Cid, contemporaries developed an awareness of how the presence of an audience lends a public quality to the situation of dramatic performance. This public quality is reflected in contemporary prescriptive poetics and employed to affect the audience in Corneille’s and Racine’s dramaturgy.The second part describes how since the 18th century viewing drama has been regarded as a genuinely subjective action, instead of being seen, as before, as a public activity taking place in front of other spectators. This mode of viewing allows creating a public sphere which is abstract in a modern sense.The third and final part states how Schiller’s aesthetics lead to a partial integration of the theatre audience into the scene, which in turn gives the scene a public character, similar to the one of the French classical period. This concept of the public character of drama is then distinguished from concepts developed in Schiller’s theoretical writings and illustrated with analyses of his later plays.

This diploma thesis deals with design principles of mobile reporting. In the introduction the difference between report and dashboard is described because these two concepts are usually falsely perceived. Then a compilation of a list of properties follows, which of them a well-designed dashboard should have and this is the main objective of this thesis. In its content the document describes, how to achieve certain properties, what to avoid in the layout and recommended features which can help to end users to simplify and streamline the work. These recommendations are also applied in practice by using some examples. The description is given, including workflow and available options of the selected tools. This thesis offers detailed instructions, how to form mobile dashboards, including comments and opinions provided by end users. I find this as the main benefits of this thesis.

The diploma thesis covers the principles of dashboard or report design. The first part of thesis is focused on introduction to the issue of reporting, based on current literature. There are the definitions of basic terms, position of reporting in corporate structure, history and basic division in this part. Further, this thesis is focused on information design. There are descriptions of basic visualization elements commonly used in reporting, after that the issue of using colours and finally the information about the appropriate distribution of these elements on the surface of the dashboard or report. In the practical part of the thesis, there is primarily created the methodology of comparison of reporting tools. The goal of this methodology is to compare two specific tools for obtaining information about the qualities of compared reporting tools. As a part of this methodology, there is also a list of required functions and also a few user criteria which are assessed based on the practical use of these tools during creation of specific dashboard. Complex design of this sample dashboard is also part of the methodology. Methodology was proved by its application to two compared tools, namely the SAP Crystal Reports 2011 and Tableau Desktop 8.1. Result of this comparison contained a lot of information about the tools which can be used by reader as a basis for creation his or her own opinion on the tools. Author stated his own recommendation which of the compared tools he would choose for future work in dashboard design.

The thesis covers the term for specific data analysis called Big Data. The thesis firstly defines the term Big Data and the need for its creation because of the rising need for deeper data processing and analysis tools and methods. The thesis also covers some of the technical aspects of Big Data tools, focusing on Apache Hadoop in detail. The later chapters contain Big Data market analysis and describe the biggest Big Data competitors and tools. The practical part of the thesis presents a way of using Apache Hadoop to perform data analysis with data from Twitter and the results are then visualized in Tableau.