• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 59
  • 19
  • 13
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 109
  • 43
  • 31
  • 17
  • 17
  • 14
  • 13
  • 12
  • 12
  • 11
  • 11
  • 10
  • 10
  • 10
  • 10
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Pulmonary delivery of tacrolimus for lung transplant and asthma therapy

Watts, Alan Bayard, 1981- 23 March 2011 (has links)
Since the discovery of cyclosporine in 1971, calcineurin inhibitors have played a critical role in the therapeutic suppression of the immune response. Patients receiving solid organ transplants rely heavily on these medications to prevent the acute and chronic rejection of allografted tissue. Introduction of tacrolimus, the most frequently prescribed calcineurin inhibitor, has lead to improved clinical outcomes for organ transplant recipients; however, little improvement has been noted in lung transplantation. Difficulties with current oral dosing regimens for lung transplant patients stem primarily from drug systemic toxicity, heightened risk of invasive infection, and erratic oral bioavailability. We have proposed that pulmonary delivery of a tacrolimus formulation with improved solubility can provide high lung concentrations, while limiting corresponding systemic levels associated with toxicity. Chapter 2 investigates the pulmonary administration of tacrolimus dispersion for nebulization to lung transplanted rats. Resulting lung and blood levels were determined by appropriate bioanalytical methods. Limited systemic absorption was seen after pulmonary delivery, resulting in a 50 to 1 lung to blood concentration ratio. A 28 day safety and stability evaluation of tacrolimus dispersion for nebulization was conducted in Chapter 3. Results showed no signs of toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats and proved the stability of tacrolimus powder for dispersion for 3 months. For cases of severe asthma, immunosuppression is also necessary to restore normal lungs function and is typically treated with corticosteroids. Corticosteroids, however, are well known for their untoward side effects and can prove ineffective in severe asthmatics that have developed corticosteroid resistance. Chapter 4 investigates the use of tacrolimus dispersion for nebulization for prophylactic treatment of asthma. Efficacy was determined in an asthma-induced animal model by quantification of inflammatory cells and signaling chemicals. In Chapter 5, tacrolimus powder for inhalation is investigated in a novel dry powder inhalation platform. Respirable particles are produced when bulk particles (500 [micrometer]) comprising a matrix of drug/excipient are sheared apart by a marketed inhalation device to produce particles of the appropriate geometric diameter (50 [micrometer]). Biocompatible material with brittle properties were found to produce fine particle fractions (FPF) up to 70.3% and total emitted doses (TED) higher than 95%. / text
22

Avaliação do efeito da Sinvastatina em ratos submetidos a periodontite experimental e imunossuprimidos por Ciclosporina-A e Tacrolimus

Nassar, Patrícia Oehlmeyer [UNESP] 27 March 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-03-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nassar_po_dr_arafo.pdf: 667309 bytes, checksum: 5cca54174057241803a84367b451b25b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Há relatos na literatura que os ossos de maneira geral assim como o processo alveolar são acometidos pela Ciclosporina-A (CsA) desequilibrando sua homeostase, induzindo a perda óssea. Alguns trabalhos experimentais mostram que o Tacrolimus (FK506) induz perda óssea, enquanto outros relatam conferir uma proteção contra inflamação e perda óssea associada à periodontite, em ratos com doença periodontal induzida. Adicionalmente, tem sido recentemente revelado que algumas estatinas poderiam estimular a formação óssea e inibir a reabsorção óssea. Assim os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar os efeitos da administração da CsA, FK506 associados ou não com sinvastatina no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal induzida em ratos submetidos a modelo de periodontite experimental, através de avaliações bioquímica, molecular e esterométrica. Foram utilizados 320 ratos divididos em 32 grupos e em diferentes períodos de 15, 30 e 60 dias associados ou não a periodontite experimental e/ou a administração diária de CsA (10mg/kg por peso corporal), FK506 (1mg/kg por peso corporal ) e Sinvastatina (20mg/kg por peso corporal). Ao final de cada período experimental, coletas de sangue foram realizadas para medir os níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina e biópsias gengivais para as avaliações de ELISA e PCR. Após o processamento histológico, a densidade volumétrica de osso, osteoblastos e osteoclastos foram medidas na região de primeiro molar inferior. Após 15 e 30 dias de tratamento quando associado ao uso de Sinvastatina, houve melhora nos parâmetros bioquímicos em relação à CsA (p<0.05) e sem ser significante em relação ao FK506 (p>0.05) com ou sem associação de doença periodontal. / In the literature that the bones as well as the alveolar process are attack by the CsA having unbalanced its homeostasis, inducing the bone loss. Some experimental studies show that the FK506 induced bone loss, while others demonstrated to confer a protection against inflammation and bone loss associate to the periodontitis, in rats with induced periodontal disease. Additionally, he has been recently disclosed that some statins could stimulate the bone formation and inhibit the bone resorption. Thus the objectives of the study had been to evaluate the effect of the administration of the CsA, FK506 associates or not with sinvastatin in the development of the induced periodontal disease in submitted rats the model of experimental periodontite, through evaluations biochemistry, molecular and stereometric. 320 rats divided in 32 groups and different periods of 15, 30 and 60 days had been used associates or not to the experimental periodontitis and/or the daily administration of CsA (10mg/kg body weight), FK506 (1mg/kg body weight) and Sinvastatin (20mg/kg body weight). At the end of period experimental, blood collection was obtained and serum levels calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were measured and ELISA end PCR analysis were extracted from gingival tissue samples. After the histologic processing, the volumetric density of bone, osteoblasts and osteoclasts had been measured in the first region molar inferior. After 15 and 30 days of treatment when associated to the use of sinvastatin, it had improvement in the parameters biochemistries in relation to the CsA (p<0,05) with or without association of periodontal disease The same characteristics had been presented in the stereometric analysis.
23

Características morfológicas do osso alveolar de ratos tratados com ciclosporina-A ou tracolimus

Andia, Denise Carleto [UNESP] 20 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 andia_dc_me_arafo.pdf: 3114716 bytes, checksum: f1adafb40e61fe06de5f7b925d28804e (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Ciclosporina-A e Tacrolimus (FK506) são os imunossupressores mais comumente usados para reduzir a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos sólidos. Uma freqüente complicação relatada em pacientes após o transplante de órgãos, é o desenvolvimento de osteopenia. Assim, tem sido sugerido que a terapia imunossupressora pode ser um fator importante no desenvolvimento da doença óssea pós-transplante. Osteoblastos e osteoclastos são as células reguladoras do metabolismo ósseo e estão sob a influência de fatores sistêmicos e locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e comparar a histometria, estereometria do osso alveolar e a ultraestrutura dos osteoblastos e osteoclastos de ratos tratados com injeção subcutânea diária de CsA (10mg/kg peso corporal), FK506 (1mg/kg peso corporal) ou NaCl (0.9%) (grupo controle), por 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental, os ratos foram sacrificados e após o processamento histológico, os parâmetros estereométricos: número de osteoclastos e osteoblastos/mm, de superfície óssea, volume do osso alveolar (Vbo), volume do espaço medular (Vm) e outras estruturas (Vo) (ligamento peridontal, dentina e cemento) na região de furca do primeiro molar superior, assim como os parâmetros histométricos: distância linear da superfície óssea alveolar de uma região apical à outra e os parâmetros ultraestruturais dos osteoclastos e osteoblastos foram analisados. Os resultados confirmaram que a CsA causa uma perda óssea alveolar mais severa que o FK506. A terapia com CsA diminuiu o número de osteoblastos/mm e Vbo e promoveu uma tendência do aumento do número de osteoclastos/mm de superfície óssea. Não houve diferença entre os ratos tratados com FK506 e os ratos controle... / Cyclosporine-A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (FK506) are the most commonly used immunosuppressants to reduce the rejection of allogenic organ transplants. A frequent complication reported in patients following organ transplantation is the development of osteopenia and it has been suggested that immunosuppressive therapy may be an important factor in the development of post-transplant bone disease. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the regulators of bone metabolism and are under influence by local microenviroment and components of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to describe and to compare the histometry, stereometry of the alveolar bone and the ultrastructure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of rats treated with a daily subcutaneous injection of CsA (10mg/kgbody weight), FK506 (1mg/kgbody weight) or NaCl (0.9%) (control group), for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and after histological processing, stereometric parameters: number of multinucleated osteoclasts/mm, number of osteoblasts/mm, volume of the alveolar bone (Vbo), volume of the marrow (Vm) and other structures (Vo) (periodontal ligament, dentin and cementum) at the furcation region of the first upper molar as well as histometric parameters: linear distance of the alveolar bone surface to one apical region to another one and ultrastructural parameters of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were analysed. The results confirmed that CsA causes a more severe alveolar bone loss than FK506. The therapy with CsA decreased number of osteoblasts/mm and Vbo and increased number of multinucleated osteoclasts/mm and Vm. There was not difference between FK506- treated rats and control rats. However, the systemic therapy with FK506 induced the decreased of number... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
24

Características morfológicas do osso alveolar de ratos tratados com ciclosporina-A ou tracolimus /

Andia, Denise Carleto. January 2006 (has links)
Resumo: Ciclosporina-A e Tacrolimus (FK506) são os imunossupressores mais comumente usados para reduzir a rejeição de transplantes de órgãos sólidos. Uma freqüente complicação relatada em pacientes após o transplante de órgãos, é o desenvolvimento de osteopenia. Assim, tem sido sugerido que a terapia imunossupressora pode ser um fator importante no desenvolvimento da doença óssea pós-transplante. Osteoblastos e osteoclastos são as células reguladoras do metabolismo ósseo e estão sob a influência de fatores sistêmicos e locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e comparar a histometria, estereometria do osso alveolar e a ultraestrutura dos osteoblastos e osteoclastos de ratos tratados com injeção subcutânea diária de CsA (10mg/kg peso corporal), FK506 (1mg/kg peso corporal) ou NaCl (0.9%) (grupo controle), por 60 dias. Ao final do período experimental, os ratos foram sacrificados e após o processamento histológico, os parâmetros estereométricos: número de osteoclastos e osteoblastos/mm, de superfície óssea, volume do osso alveolar (Vbo), volume do espaço medular (Vm) e outras estruturas (Vo) (ligamento peridontal, dentina e cemento) na região de furca do primeiro molar superior, assim como os parâmetros histométricos: distância linear da superfície óssea alveolar de uma região apical à outra e os parâmetros ultraestruturais dos osteoclastos e osteoblastos foram analisados. Os resultados confirmaram que a CsA causa uma perda óssea alveolar mais severa que o FK506. A terapia com CsA diminuiu o número de osteoblastos/mm e Vbo e promoveu uma tendência do aumento do número de osteoclastos/mm de superfície óssea. Não houve diferença entre os ratos tratados com FK506 e os ratos controle... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Cyclosporine-A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (FK506) are the most commonly used immunosuppressants to reduce the rejection of allogenic organ transplants. A frequent complication reported in patients following organ transplantation is the development of osteopenia and it has been suggested that immunosuppressive therapy may be an important factor in the development of post-transplant bone disease. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts are the regulators of bone metabolism and are under influence by local microenviroment and components of the immune system. The purpose of this study was to describe and to compare the histometry, stereometry of the alveolar bone and the ultrastructure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts of rats treated with a daily subcutaneous injection of CsA (10mg/kgbody weight), FK506 (1mg/kgbody weight) or NaCl (0.9%) (control group), for 60 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed and after histological processing, stereometric parameters: number of multinucleated osteoclasts/mm, number of osteoblasts/mm, volume of the alveolar bone (Vbo), volume of the marrow (Vm) and other structures (Vo) (periodontal ligament, dentin and cementum) at the furcation region of the first upper molar as well as histometric parameters: linear distance of the alveolar bone surface to one apical region to another one and ultrastructural parameters of osteoclasts and osteoblasts were analysed. The results confirmed that CsA causes a more severe alveolar bone loss than FK506. The therapy with CsA decreased number of osteoblasts/mm and Vbo and increased number of multinucleated osteoclasts/mm and Vm. There was not difference between FK506- treated rats and control rats. However, the systemic therapy with FK506 induced the decreased of number... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Orientador: Luis Carlos Spolidorio / Coorientador: Paulo Sérgio Cerri / Banca: Benedicto Egbert Corrêa de Toledo / Banca: Francisco Humberto Nociti Junior / Mestre
25

Estudo de polimorfismos de MTOR e PPP3CA em receptores de transplante renal e sua relação com a resposta a imunossupressores / Study of MTOR and PPP3CA polymorphisms in renal transplant recipients and its relationship with the response to immunosuppressive agents.

Patricia de Cássia Salgado 26 October 2012 (has links)
Os imunossupressores tacrolimo (Tac) e sirolimo (Srl) são amplamente utilizados no transplante renal. Estes medicamentos apresentam estreita faixa terapêutica e estão associados a uma vasta gama de efeitos colaterais. Polimorfismos de nucleotídeo único (SNP) parecem ter um impacto significativo sobre a farmacocinética dos imunossupressores. Com o objetivo de avaliar a associação de SNP nos genes PPP3CA e MTOR com a resposta farmacológica dos imunossupressores tacrolimo e sirolimo foram selecionados 156 indivíduos indicados para transplante renal entre os pacientes atendidos no Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão da UNIFESP. Esses indivíduos foram tratados com esquema imunossupressor baseado em tacrolimo ou convertido para sirolimo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes do transplante para extração de DNA. As determinações das concentrações sanguíneas de Tac foram determinadas por chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) e as concentrações sanguíneas de Srl foram obtidas pela técnica de HPLC (High- Performance Liquid Chromatography). Os polimorfismos do MTOR (c.1437T>C, T c.2997C>T e c.4731G>A) e PPP3CA (c.249G>A) foram identificados por PCR em tempo real. O polimorfismo PPP3CA c.246G>A não foi associado à dose diária de tacrolimo ou sirolimo. Já a concentração sanguínea de tacrolimo foi menor nos portadores do alelo A no terceiro dia e terceiro mês de estudo. Os polimorfismos do MTOR foram relacionados à concentração sanguínea corrigida pela dose de tacrolimo. Os portadores dos alelos raros G, T e C dos polimorfismos c.4731G>A, c.14337T>C e c.2997C>T, respectivamente, apresentaram valores de Co/Do de tacrolimo menores em relação aos não portadores destes alelos. As diferenças significativas ocorreram principalmente nos primeiros três meses de estudo. A concentração sanguínea de tacrolimo foi no geral menor nos portadores dos alelos raros, sendo significativamente menor no décimo quarto dia. Doses maiores de tacrolimo foram associadas aos alelos T do c.14337T>C e C do c.2997C>T. No sexto mês de estudo, os portadores dos alelos raros receberam doses de sirolimo significativamente maiores do que os não portadores. O alelo T do polimorfismo c.1437T>C foi associado a menores valores de Co/Do de sirolimo. Os SNPs c.2997C>T e c.1437T>C do MTOR encontram-se em desequilíbrio de ligação (D\'=0,981; r2=0,690). Nos três primeiros meses de estudo, os portadores do haplótipo TC receberam doses menores de tacrolimo e apresentaram a melhor relação Co/Do. Foi possível observar que após a randomização, o haplótipo TC continuou associado a menores doses de tacrolimo e de sirolimo e manteve a tendência de melhores índices de Co/Do de ambos os fármacos. Os polimorfismos c.1437T>C e c.4731G>A foram associados a parâmetros de função renal no grupo TAC. O alelo G do SNP c.4731G>A relacionou-se a valores menores de ureia no pré-Tx, menor redução de ureia e creatinina entre o pré-Tx e o sexto mês de estudo. O alelo T do SNP c.1437T>C também foi relacionado a menores valores de ureia no pré-Tx e menor redução de creatinina. No grupo TAC, o alelo raro do SNP PPP3CA c.249G>A foi relacionado a menores valores de triglicérides no pré-Tx e no grupo SRL uma menor variação de LDL-colesterol. Os portadores do alelo C do SNP c.2997C>T apresentaram menor aumento de colesterol total e LDL colesterol entre o pré-Tx e o sexto mês de estudo, maiores valores de HDL colesterol no pré-Tx e menores valores de triglicérides no sexto mês de estudo. Os portadores do alelo T do SNP c.1437T>C apresentaram menor aumento de colesterol total, LDL colesterol, VLDL colesterol e triglicérides. No sexto mês de estudo apresentaram menores valores de triglicérides em relação aos não portadores deste alelo. Os portadores do alelo G do SNP c.4731G>A tiveram variação menor de colesterol total, VLDL colesterol e triglicérides. Não foi encontrada relação dos polimorfimos estudados e a rejeição aguda comprovada por biópsia ou com a nefropatia crônica do enxerto. Esses resultados são sugestivos de que os polimorfismos do MTOR e PPP3CA estão associados com a dose e concentração sanguínea dos imunossupressores tacrolimo e sirolimo, assim como um perfil lipídico menos aterogênico. / The immunosuppressant tacrolimus (Tac) and Sirolimus (Srl) are widely used in renal transplantation. These drugs have a narrow therapeutic range and are associated with a wide range of side effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have a significant impact on the pharmacokinetics of immunosuppressants. In order to evaluate the association of SNPs in genes MTOR and PPP3CA with the pharmacological response of immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus and sirolimus were selected 156 individuals referred for kidney transplantation among patients treated in the Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, UNIFESP. These individuals were treated with tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen or converted to sirolimus. Blood samples were collected before transplantation for DNA extraction. Determinations of blood concentrations of Tac were determined by Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and blood concentrations Srl were obtained by the technique of HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography). Polymorphisms of MTOR (c.1437T>C, T c.2997C>T and c.4731G>A) and PPP3CA (c.249G>A) were identified by real-time PCR. The Polymorphism PPP3CA c.246G>A was not associated with the daily dose of tacrolimus or sirolimus. The blood concentration of tacrolimus was lower in carriers of the allele on the third day and third month of study. The Polymorphisms of MTOR were related to blood concentration corrected by the dose of tacrolimus. The carriers of rare alleles G, T and C polymorphisms c.4731G> A, c.14337T> C and c.2997C> T, respectively, had values of Co/Do tacrolimus lower than the non-carriers of these alleles. Significant differences occurred mainly during the first three months of study. The blood concentration of tacrolimus was generally lower in carriers of the rare alleles being significantly lower on the fourteenth day. Higher doses of tacrolimus were associated with alleles c.14337T T>C and C c.2997C>T. In the sixth month of study, the carriers of rare alleles received doses of sirolimus significantly higher than non-carriers. SNPs c.2997C>T and c.1437T>C MTOR are in linkage disequilibrium (D \'= 0.981; r2 = 0.690). In the first three months of study, carriers of the TC haplotype received lower doses of tacrolimus and presented the best value for Co/Do. It was observed that after randomization, the TC haplotype remained associated with lower doses of tacrolimus and sirolimus and continued the trend of higher rates of Co/Do of both drugs. Polymorphisms c.1437T>C and c.4731G>A were associated with renal function parameters in the TAC group. The G allele of SNP c.4731G> A was related to lower levels of urea in the pre-Tx, a smaller reduction of urea and creatinine between the pre-Tx and sixth months of study. The T allele of SNP c.1437T>C was also related to lower levels of urea in the pre-Tx and a smaller reduction of creatinine. In the TAC group, the rare allele of SNP PPP3CA c.249G>A was related to lower levels of triglycerides in the pre-Tx and the SRL group a smaller variation of LDL-cholesterol. The C allele of the SNP c.2997C>T showed a lower increase in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol between pre-Tx and sixth months of study, higher HDL cholesterol in pre-Tx and lower levels of triglycerides in the sixth month of study. The T allele of SNP c.1437T>C showed a lower increase in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides. In the sixth month of the study, they had lower triglyceride levels compared to non-carriers of this allele. The G allele of SNP c.4731G>A change had lower total cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides. There was no relationship between the studied polymorphisms and biopsy-proven acute rejection or chronic allograft nephropathy. These results suggest that MTOR and PPP3CA polymorphisms are associated with dose and blood concentration of immunosuppressants tacrolimus and sirolimus, as well as a less atherogenic lipid profile.
26

The Impact of CYP3A5 Genotype on the Interaction Between Tacrolimus and Intravenous Nicardipine in Kidney Transplant Recipients

Hooper, David K. January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
27

Efeito protetor de fitomedicamento Vitis Vinifera L na lesão renal aguda induzida pelo Tacrolimus / Protective effect of the phytomedicine Vitis Vinifera L in acute kidney injury by Tacrolimus

Silva, Wanessa Teixeira 04 November 2010 (has links)
As lesões renais agudas (LRAs) nefrotóxicas correspondem a 30% dos casos de LRA. A nefrotoxicidade é efeito indesejável de diversos fármacos de uso rotineiro na clínica, entre eles as drogas imunossupressoras. A nefrotoxicidade do Tracolimus (Fk 506) é uma das causas de LRA após o transplante renal. Com a ampla utilização do Fk 506 nas terapias imunossupressoras e devido ao seu potencial nefrotóxico que pode levar à perda do enxerto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do extrato de Vitis vinifera L, um fitomedicamento com efeito antiinflamatório e antioxidante, na nefrotoxicidade induzida pelo Tacrolimus em ratos. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando entre 250 - 300g, todos tratados 1x/dia por 5 dias, conforme os seguintes grupos: Salina (grupo controle) (NaCl 0,9%, 0,1ml por gavagem); Vitis (Vitis vinifera L 3mg/kg por gavagem), Fk (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg por gavagem) e Fk+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg + 3mg/kg por gavagem). Foram avaliados a função renal (FR) (clearance de creatinina, método Jaffé); os peróxidos urinários (PU) (FOX-2), o malondealdeído (MDA-TBARS) e a histologia renal. Os dados desse estudo confirmaram a lesão nefrotóxica de caráter oxidativo induzida pelo Tacrolimus. A Vitis vinifera L demonstrou efeito renoprotetor significativo, com melhora na FR, redução dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e proteção histológica. Esse estudo confirmou a renoproteção da Vitis vinifera L na LRA induzida pelo Tacrolimus. / The nephrotoxic injury corresponds to 30% of the acute kidney injury (AKI) cases. Nephrotoxicity is an undesirable effect of several drugs used in the clinic, among them, the imunossupressoras drugs. The Tacrolimus (FK 506) nephrotoxicity is the main cause of AKI after kidney transplantation. Being Fk 506 widely used in the immunessupressive therapies and due to its nephrotoxic effect that can lead to the loss of graft, the aim of this study was evaluate the renoprotective action of Vitis Vinifera L extract , a phitomedicine with antioxidant and antinflammatory effects in the nephrotoxicity induced by FK 506 in rats. Wistar rats, male, adults, weight ranging from 250-300g were used, all treated once/day for 5 days, as the following groups: Saline (control group) (NaCl 0.9%, 0,1ml per gavage), Vitis (Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage), FK (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage) and FK+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage + Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage). Renal Function (RF) (creatinine clearance, Jaffé method), urinary peroxides (FOX-2), malondialdehyde (MDA-TBARS) and the kidney histological were evaluated. The data of this study confirmed the oxidative kidney injury by Tacrolimus. The Vitis vinifera L showed significant renoprotective effect, with improvement in the RF, a reductin in lipid peroxidation and histological protection. This study confirmed the renoprotective effect of Vitis Vinifera in the AKI by Tacrolimus.
28

Efeito protetor de fitomedicamento Vitis Vinifera L na lesão renal aguda induzida pelo Tacrolimus / Protective effect of the phytomedicine Vitis Vinifera L in acute kidney injury by Tacrolimus

Wanessa Teixeira Silva 04 November 2010 (has links)
As lesões renais agudas (LRAs) nefrotóxicas correspondem a 30% dos casos de LRA. A nefrotoxicidade é efeito indesejável de diversos fármacos de uso rotineiro na clínica, entre eles as drogas imunossupressoras. A nefrotoxicidade do Tracolimus (Fk 506) é uma das causas de LRA após o transplante renal. Com a ampla utilização do Fk 506 nas terapias imunossupressoras e devido ao seu potencial nefrotóxico que pode levar à perda do enxerto, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito renoprotetor do extrato de Vitis vinifera L, um fitomedicamento com efeito antiinflamatório e antioxidante, na nefrotoxicidade induzida pelo Tacrolimus em ratos. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando entre 250 - 300g, todos tratados 1x/dia por 5 dias, conforme os seguintes grupos: Salina (grupo controle) (NaCl 0,9%, 0,1ml por gavagem); Vitis (Vitis vinifera L 3mg/kg por gavagem), Fk (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg por gavagem) e Fk+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0,5mg/kg + 3mg/kg por gavagem). Foram avaliados a função renal (FR) (clearance de creatinina, método Jaffé); os peróxidos urinários (PU) (FOX-2), o malondealdeído (MDA-TBARS) e a histologia renal. Os dados desse estudo confirmaram a lesão nefrotóxica de caráter oxidativo induzida pelo Tacrolimus. A Vitis vinifera L demonstrou efeito renoprotetor significativo, com melhora na FR, redução dos níveis de peroxidação lipídica e proteção histológica. Esse estudo confirmou a renoproteção da Vitis vinifera L na LRA induzida pelo Tacrolimus. / The nephrotoxic injury corresponds to 30% of the acute kidney injury (AKI) cases. Nephrotoxicity is an undesirable effect of several drugs used in the clinic, among them, the imunossupressoras drugs. The Tacrolimus (FK 506) nephrotoxicity is the main cause of AKI after kidney transplantation. Being Fk 506 widely used in the immunessupressive therapies and due to its nephrotoxic effect that can lead to the loss of graft, the aim of this study was evaluate the renoprotective action of Vitis Vinifera L extract , a phitomedicine with antioxidant and antinflammatory effects in the nephrotoxicity induced by FK 506 in rats. Wistar rats, male, adults, weight ranging from 250-300g were used, all treated once/day for 5 days, as the following groups: Saline (control group) (NaCl 0.9%, 0,1ml per gavage), Vitis (Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage), FK (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage) and FK+Vitis (Tacrolimus 0.5mg/Kg per gavage + Vitis vinifera L, 3mg/Kg per gavage). Renal Function (RF) (creatinine clearance, Jaffé method), urinary peroxides (FOX-2), malondialdehyde (MDA-TBARS) and the kidney histological were evaluated. The data of this study confirmed the oxidative kidney injury by Tacrolimus. The Vitis vinifera L showed significant renoprotective effect, with improvement in the RF, a reductin in lipid peroxidation and histological protection. This study confirmed the renoprotective effect of Vitis Vinifera in the AKI by Tacrolimus.
29

Avaliação do potencial embriotóxico do tacrolimus (FK506) administrado a ratas wistar

Ramos, Alessanda Fernandes Louzada Hoegemann 22 August 2007 (has links)
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-03T14:19:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrafernandeslouzadahoegemannramos.pdf: 892206 bytes, checksum: e9cbce7d18409bea11e5519ecc71335c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-06T15:46:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrafernandeslouzadahoegemannramos.pdf: 892206 bytes, checksum: e9cbce7d18409bea11e5519ecc71335c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-06T15:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alessandrafernandeslouzadahoegemannramos.pdf: 892206 bytes, checksum: e9cbce7d18409bea11e5519ecc71335c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / O tacrolimus é um antibiótico macrolídeo com ação imunossupressora, atuando como inibidor de calcineurina, que vem sendo utilizado como droga base na maioria dos transplantes para evitar rejeição. Com o êxito dos transplantes, decorrente principalmente do uso de imunossupressores, houve uma melhora na qualidade de vida das pacientes transplantadas. Esta melhora levou ao aumento do número de gestações, mesmo sob o uso contínuo de imunossupressores. Sabe-se que os imunossupressores atravessam a placenta podendo levar a alterações no desenvolvimento do embrião. Segundo a literatura, foram observados desvios da normalidade, como perda de peso, em recém nascidos de mães que utilizavam o tacrolimus. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a sua atuação no período de préimplantação do blastocisto, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho verificar se o tacrolimus interfere no desenvolvimento do embrião de rata, durante seu trânsito tubário e na fase de implantação do blastocisto. Ratas Wistar prenhes foram distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos controles C1 e C2 e tratados T1, T2, T3 e T4, T5 e T6. Controle 1 e Tratados 1, 2 e 3 receberam água destilada e 1, 2 e 4 mg/kg/dia de Tacrolimus respectivamente por via intragástrica do primeiro ao quinto dia de prenhez (período de trânsito tubário) e os grupos Controle 2 e Tratados 4, 5 e 6 receberam água destilada e 1, 2 e 4 mg/kg/dia de tacrolimus , respectivamente, por via intragástrica, do quinto ao sétimo dia (período de implantação). O acompanhamento de sinais clínicos maternos possibilitou a análise de efeitos tóxicos sobre a mãe durante o período de gestação. No 150 dia, foi coletado sangue para avaliação de parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos, em seguida os animais foram eutanasiados. Ovários, fígado e rim foram pesados e os corpos lúteos contados. Foram identificados fetos vivos, reabsorções e fetos mortos. Fetos e placentas foram pesados. Não foram encontrados indícios clínicos de toxicidade materna. No período de trânsito tubário não foram observadas alterações significativas no peso corporal, consumo de ração e parâmetros hematológicos das mães. Na análise bioquímica, o grupo da dose de 4 mg/kg/dia apresentou aumento na concentração de colesterol, de TGO e de uréia. No grupo com dose de 2mg/kg/dia ocorreu redução de creatinina e no grupo T1 houve uma redução de TGO. No período de implantação do blastocisto, não foram observadas variações no peso corporal entre os grupos analisados. Foi observada uma diminuição no consumo de ração, durante o período de tratamento, que foi restabelecido com o término deste, apresentando um aumento gradativo do consumo até o final do experimento. O tacrolimus na concentração de 4mg/Kg/dia apresentou consumo médio superior aos demais grupos. Os parâmetros hematológicos não apresentaram alterações significativas. Os parâmetros bioquímicos não apresentaram alterações relevantes entre os grupos experimentais, exceto os referentes à TGO, que apresentou uma diminuição no grupo T6. Nos estudos realizados no período de trânsito tubário e no de implantação, observando-se o peso corporal materno corrigido, os pesos de fígado e rins maternos, peso de ovários, número de corpos lúteos, fetos vivos e mortos, reabsorções, peso de ninhada e perdas pré e pós-implantação, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas. Ocorreu aumento no peso placentário dos animais tratados com tacrolimus na concentração de 4mg/Kg/dia e no grupo tratado com a concentração de 1mg/Kg/dia, diminuição do número de implantes. Os fetos em ambos os experimentos não apresentaram malformações externas. Concluiu-se que no modelo experimental utilizado não foi evidenciado potencial embriotóxico do tacrolimus na fase de trânsito tubário e na implantação, quando administrado a ratas. / Tacrolimus is a macrolide antibiotic with immunosuppressive action, acting as a calcineurin inhibitor, that has being used as a standard drug avoiding rejection of most transplants. With the success of transplantations, which occurred mainly due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, there was an improvement in life quality of patients. This fact, led to an increase in the number of gestations, even under continuous use of immunosuppressants. It is known that these drugs cross the placenta, leading to changes in embryo development. Body weight loss in newborns from mothers that used tacrolimus during gestation is described in literature. However, little is known about its action on blastocyst preimplantation period, being the aim of this work to assess if tacrolimus interferes with embryo development during tubaric transit and blastocyst implantation periods. Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly distributed into control C1 and C2 and treated T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6. Control 1 and Treated 1, 2 and 3 received distilled water and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day of tacrolimus, respectively, via oral gavage from first to fifth pregnancy day (tubaric transit period) and groups Control 2 and Treated 4, 5 and 6 received distilled water and 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg/day of tacrolimus respectively, via oral gavage from fifth to seventh day (implantation period). The clinical signs of maternal toxicity were analyzed. On 15th day, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological tests assessment, after that animals were killed. Ovaries, liver and kidneys were weighed and the corpora lutea were counted. Resorptions, live and dead fetuses were identified. Fetuses and placenta were weighed. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity were not found. During the period of tubaric transit there were no significant alteration in maternal body weight, food intake and hematological parameters. In biochemical analysis, the group treated with 4 mg/kg/day presented an increase in cholesterol, TGO and urea. In the group treated with 2 mg/kg/day there was creatinine reduction and group T1 (1mg/kg/day) showed reduction in TGO. In the period of blastocyst implantation it was not observed changes in body weight among groups. There was a decrease in food intake, during the treatment period wich was recovered after the drug administration, showing a gradative increase at food intake until the end of the experiment. An increase in food intake in the group treated with tacrolimus in the concentration of 4mg/Kg/day was shown. There were no significant alterations in hematological parameters. In biochemical analysis no alterations were found, except in the group T6 (4mg/kg/day) that presented a decrease. In the both experiments, during the period of blastocyst implantation and the tubaric transit, there were no significant alterations in maternal body, liver, kidney and ovaries weights. Were not observed significant alterations in the number of corpora lutea, live and dead fetuses, resorptions, fetuses weigh and lost in pre and pos implantation. In the groups treated with tacrolimus on the concentrations of 4mg/kg/day and 1mg/kg/day were observed a decrease of the implants number. The administration of Tacrolimus to pregnant rats during the tubal transit and implantation periods does not seem to generate any toxic effect on them.
30

Variabilité d'origine génétique et épigénétique de la pharmacodynamie des inhibiteurs de la calcineurine en transplantation rénale / Genetic and epigenetic variability in the pharmacodynamics of calcineurin inhibitors in renal transplantation

Pouche, Lucie 17 June 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse reposait sur l’hypothèse que la variabilité génétique des protéines « cibles » des médicaments immunosuppresseurs de la famille des inhibiteurs de la calcineurine (ICN ; ciclosporine et tacrolimus) pourrait expliquer une partie de la variabilité observée dans leur efficacité et toxicité. Une revue de la littérature nous a permis de lister un panel de variants génétiques au sein de la voie de la calcineurine, considérés comme étant de bons candidats pour des études en transplantation. Ces variants n’ont pas été associés au risque de rejet aigu ou d’infection grave dans une étude incluant 381 patients transplantés rénaux suivis durant un an après la transplantation. La variabilité pharmacodynamique des ICN a ensuite été explorée au travers des régulations épigénétiques. Une analyse de la méthylation de l’ADN après exposition médicamenteuse a été menée sur deux modèles. Premièrement, la lignée cellulaire JURKAT a été utilisée pour développer la méthode d’immunoprécipitation de l’ADN méthylé (MeDIP). Chez des souris traitées par ciclosporine et tacrolimus durant 3 mois, nous avons ensuite isolé les cellules cibles des médicaments, les lymphocytes T CD4 puis, après immunoprécipitation de l’ADN méthylé et analyse par séquençage pangénomique haut débit (MeDIP-seq, séquençeur Ion Proton), nous avons recherché les régions du génome présentant des différences de méthylation induites par le traitement. L’analyse différentielle bio-informatique a été menée à l’aide des outils SAMtools (Li et col., 2009), BEDtools (Quinlan and Hall, 2010), MACS2 (Zhang et col., 2008) et Diffbind (Stark and Brown, 2011 - Bioconductor). Sur l’ensemble du génome, nous n’avons identifié que 24 régions présentant un niveau de méthylation modifié par l’exposition au tacrolimus. Le promoteur du gène Calm2, codant pour l’isoforme 2 de la calmoduline, semble être davantage méthylé chez les souris traitées. Ces résultats préliminaires semblent prometteurs pour la découverte de biomarqueurs épigénétiques de la réponse thérapeutique aux immunosuppresseurs. / Inter-individual genetic variation might account for diverse efficacy and toxicity of calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporin and tacrolimus). In particular, some variants located within genes coding for proteins of the calcineurin pathway can explain part of this variability. In this manuscript, a panel of candidate genes was selected based on bibliographic review and tested in a pharmacogenetics study encompassing 381 renal transplants followed for one year after surgery. None of these candidates was associated with the acute rejection or serious infection risks. Furthermore, the pharmacodynamic variability of these drugs was also investigated, exploring the use of epigenomics profiling as proximal readout of the calcineurin inhibition treatment. In particular, we investigated the impact of drug exposure on DNA methylation in two experimental models. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (MeDIP-seq, Ion Proton technology) was deployed in JURKAT cell line, used as in vitro model, and in CD4 T lymphocytes isolated from mice treated with either cyclosporin or tacrolimus for three months. After sequencing, the differentiated methylated regions caused by drug exposure were analyzed. Bioinformatics analyses were performed using SAMtools (Li et al., 2009), BEDtools (Quinlan and Hall, 2010), MACS2 (Zhang et al., 2008) and Diffbind (Stark and Brown, 2011 - Bioconductor). Overall, the genome-wide analysis revealed only 24 regions with a differentiated enrichment in DNA methylation after three month-tacrolimus treatment, indicating a targeted effect of these treatments on a subset of key genes. Of note, CALM2 promoter, coding for the calmodulin isoform 2 protein, showed significant hypermethylation in tacrolimus-treated mice. These preliminary results corroborate the interest in using DNA methylation as promising approach to identify candidate biomarkers for therapeutic drug monitoring in calcineurin inhibitor treatments.

Page generated in 0.4217 seconds