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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Morphometric Analysis of the Forelimb in the genus Tapirus (Perissodactyla: Tapiridae) Reveals Influences of Habitat, Phylogeny and Size Through Time and Across Geographical Space

MacLaren, Jamie A., Hulbert, Richard C., Wallace, Steven C., Nauwelaerts, Sandra 05 October 2018 (has links)
The limb skeleton of tapirs (Perissodactyla: Tapirus spp.) was traditionally thought to exhibit morphological variation only as a result of changes in body size. Here, we test whether forelimb variation exhibited by Tapirus is solely an artefact of size fluctuations through the tapir fossil record or whether it is influenced by habitat differences. We investigated the forelimb osteology of 12 species of Tapirus using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on laser surface scans. Aligned shape coordinates were regressed against intrinsic bone size to account for allometry. Taxa of equivalent body mass exhibited significant differences in size-corrected bone shape. Stable carbon isotope values were averaged per species as a proxy for habitat density. Multivariate regressions of the humerus, pisiform, cuneiform, unciform, third and fourth metacarpals revealed no significant influence of size on shape. The lateral carpals (pisiform, cuneiform, unciform) demonstrated variation across the habitat density gradient. Observed variation is likely driven by species in the extinct subgenus Helicotapirus tapirs, which inhabited drier, more open woodland than modern taxa. We conclude that tapir forelimb variation is not exclusively an artefact of body size, with lateral wrist bones displaying notable differences across a habitat density gradient, beyond that resulting from size and phylogenetic effects.
2

Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e epidemiológicos da população de anta-brasileira (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus, 1758) na Mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo / Evaluation of physiological and epidemiological parameters of Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus, 1758) population in the Atlantic Forest of Morro do Diabo State Park, Pontal do Paranapanema Region, São Paulo State

May Júnior, Joares Adenilson 20 April 2011 (has links)
Procurou-se avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos de antas (Tapirus terrestris) de vida livre capturadas no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1996-2008 pelo Programa Anta Mata Atlântica. Paralelamente, avaliou-se a exposição desses animais a patógenos de interesse em saúde pública e saúde animal. Nesse período foram obtidas amostras de 35 animais. Os valores médios de hemograma e bioquímica sérica foram comparados com os valores de referência do ISIS, através do uso do teste t de Student. Os resultados médios de todos os parâmetros avaliados estavam dento do intervalo de variação descrito para a espécie em cativeiro. Títulos sorológicos incluíram Encefalite Equina Oeste (n=1 animal), Encefalite Equina Leste (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Língua Azul (n=5), Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) (n=1). Não foi detectada a presença de anticorpos para Febre Aftosa, Doença de Aujeszky, Parvovirose Suína, Diarréia Viral Bovina, Leucose Bovina, Estomatite Vesicular, Anemia Infecciosa Equina e Brucelose. Todas as capturadas apresentavam alta infestação de carrapatos, identificados como Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Alguns animais apresentaram Tunga penetrans e mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Oito amostras de urinas de antas de vida livre foram analisadas e descritas pela primeira vez. Os swabs das cavidades naturais apresentaram Staphylococcus aureus em todos os orifícios. Escherichia coli em todos os orifícios, com exceção da orelha. Proteus sp. em todos os orifícios, com exceção do prepúcio. Ânus e vagina presentaram as mesmas bactérias, já prepúcio e ânus se distinguiram pelo Staphylococcus saprophyticus. / It was evaluated physiologic parameters of wild Lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) captured in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 1996 2008 by Atlantic Rainforest Lowland Tapir Program. Together, it was evaluated the expose of these animals to pathogens of public health and animal health interest. During this time it was collected samples from 35 animals. The medium value of blood cells and serum biochemistry were compared with reference values of ISIS, with the t test of Student. All medium values of parameters evaluated were inside of regular range described for the specie in captivity. Serologic titles include West Equine Encephalitis (n= 1 animal), East Equine Encephalitis (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Bluetongue (n=5), Infectious Bovine Rhinotraqueitis (IBR) (n=1). It was not detected antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease, Aujeszky\'s disease, Porcine Parvovirosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Leucosis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Equine Infectious Anemia and Brucelosis. All captured animals had high level of infestation of ticks, identified as Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Some animals had Tunga penetrans and mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Eight samples of urine from wild tapirs were analyzed and described first time. The swabs from natural cavity showed Staphylococcus aureus in all of them. Escherichia coli in all cavities, except ears. Proteus sp. in all cavities, except prepucial. Anus and vagina showed the same kinds of bacteria, but prepucial and vagina show the same bacteria, and prepucial and anus to be different because Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
3

The ecology of the lowland tapir in Madre de Dios, Peru: Using new technologies to study large rainforest mammals

Tobler, Mathias Werner 15 May 2009 (has links)
The objectives of my research were twofold: 1) to evaluate new technologies (camera traps and a new type of GPS collar) for studying large mammals in tropical forests, and 2) to study the ecology of the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in the Peruvian Amazon. Camera traps proved to be an efficient tool for mammal inventories in tropical forests. They recorded 24 out of 28 terrestrial medium and large sized mammal species with a survey effort of 2340 camera days. Camera traps were also able to reveal important information on habitat use, activity patterns and the use of mineral licks for five Amazonian ungulate species. There was a high spatial overlap between all the species with the grey brocket deer being the only species that was restricted to terra firme forest. White-lipped peccaries, tapirs and red brocket deer frequently used mineral licks, whereas collared peccaries and grey brocket deer were hardly ever observed at licks. A new type of GPS collar (TrackTag) tested in this study performed well under the dense canopy of a tropical forest. Position success rates of 87% for stationary collars and 48% for collars placed on tapirs were comparable to data obtained with GPS collars in temperate forests. The mean location error for stationary collars inside the forest was 28.9 m and the 95% error was 76.8 m. GPS collars placed on six tapirs for seven to 182 days showed home range sizes of 102 to 386 hectares. Tapirs were mainly nocturnal and areas used for foraging during the night differed from resting sites used during the day. Tapirs could walk up to 10 km to visit a mineral lick. Visits were irregular at intervals of a few days up to 36 days. The analysis of 135 tapir dung samples showed that tapirs ingest seeds of over 120 plant species. Seeds were found throughout the year but monthly species diversity was related to fruit availability. The size distribution of ingested seeds was related to availability. Most seeds were less then 10 mm wide, but seeds up to 25 mm were found. Both camera traps and TrackTag GPS collars greatly increased the possibilities for studying large rainforest mammals. The two technologies collect complementary information and each one is suited for a different set of questions.
4

Avaliação de parâmetros fisiológicos e epidemiológicos da população de anta-brasileira (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus, 1758) na Mata Atlântica do Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo / Evaluation of physiological and epidemiological parameters of Lowland Tapirs (Tapirus terrestris, Linnaeus, 1758) population in the Atlantic Forest of Morro do Diabo State Park, Pontal do Paranapanema Region, São Paulo State

Joares Adenilson May Júnior 20 April 2011 (has links)
Procurou-se avaliar parâmetros fisiológicos de antas (Tapirus terrestris) de vida livre capturadas no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1996-2008 pelo Programa Anta Mata Atlântica. Paralelamente, avaliou-se a exposição desses animais a patógenos de interesse em saúde pública e saúde animal. Nesse período foram obtidas amostras de 35 animais. Os valores médios de hemograma e bioquímica sérica foram comparados com os valores de referência do ISIS, através do uso do teste t de Student. Os resultados médios de todos os parâmetros avaliados estavam dento do intervalo de variação descrito para a espécie em cativeiro. Títulos sorológicos incluíram Encefalite Equina Oeste (n=1 animal), Encefalite Equina Leste (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Língua Azul (n=5), Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (IBR) (n=1). Não foi detectada a presença de anticorpos para Febre Aftosa, Doença de Aujeszky, Parvovirose Suína, Diarréia Viral Bovina, Leucose Bovina, Estomatite Vesicular, Anemia Infecciosa Equina e Brucelose. Todas as capturadas apresentavam alta infestação de carrapatos, identificados como Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Alguns animais apresentaram Tunga penetrans e mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Oito amostras de urinas de antas de vida livre foram analisadas e descritas pela primeira vez. Os swabs das cavidades naturais apresentaram Staphylococcus aureus em todos os orifícios. Escherichia coli em todos os orifícios, com exceção da orelha. Proteus sp. em todos os orifícios, com exceção do prepúcio. Ânus e vagina presentaram as mesmas bactérias, já prepúcio e ânus se distinguiram pelo Staphylococcus saprophyticus. / It was evaluated physiologic parameters of wild Lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) captured in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo state, Brazil, between 1996 2008 by Atlantic Rainforest Lowland Tapir Program. Together, it was evaluated the expose of these animals to pathogens of public health and animal health interest. During this time it was collected samples from 35 animals. The medium value of blood cells and serum biochemistry were compared with reference values of ISIS, with the t test of Student. All medium values of parameters evaluated were inside of regular range described for the specie in captivity. Serologic titles include West Equine Encephalitis (n= 1 animal), East Equine Encephalitis (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar pomona (n=6), Leptospira interrogans sorovar autumnalis (n=1), Leptospira interrogans sorovar hebdomadi (n=1), Bluetongue (n=5), Infectious Bovine Rhinotraqueitis (IBR) (n=1). It was not detected antibodies to Foot and Mouth Disease, Aujeszky\'s disease, Porcine Parvovirosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Leucosis, Vesicular Stomatitis, Equine Infectious Anemia and Brucelosis. All captured animals had high level of infestation of ticks, identified as Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma naponense, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Some animals had Tunga penetrans and mosca-do-chifre (Haematobia irritans). Eight samples of urine from wild tapirs were analyzed and described first time. The swabs from natural cavity showed Staphylococcus aureus in all of them. Escherichia coli in all cavities, except ears. Proteus sp. in all cavities, except prepucial. Anus and vagina showed the same kinds of bacteria, but prepucial and vagina show the same bacteria, and prepucial and anus to be different because Staphylococcus saprophyticus.
5

Ontogenetic and Adult Shape Variation in the Endocast of Tapirus: Implications for T. polkensis from the Gray Fossil Site

Gaetano, Thomas M 01 May 2020 (has links)
Endocranial morphology provides evidence of sensory ecology and sociality of extinct vertebrates. The Earliest Pliocene Gray Fossil Site (GFS) of NE Tennessee features a conspicuous dominance of skeletal elements belonging to the dwarf tapir, Tapirus polkensis. Numerous individuals in one fossil locality often suggests gregarious behavior, but sociality in T. polkensis contradicts behavior documented for extant Tapirus species. I test T. polkensis for variation in sensory and social ecology using computed tomography and 3D digital endocasts from an ontogenetic sequence. I compare the T. polkensis endocasts with extant Tapirus species using Encephalization Quotients (EQs) and 3D geometric morphometrics. Results show conserved endocast morphology for Tapirus, and thus, conserved sensory and social ecology. Tapirus behavior is likely consistent for ~5 Ma, and extant Tapirus behavior can be inferred for T. polkensis. The large number of individuals from the GFS is likely the result of a preservation bias unrelated to gregariousness.
6

Genetic Assessment of the Malayan Tapir (Tapirus indicus) for Its Conservation Implications / マレーバク(Tapirus indicus)の保全を目指した遺伝解析

LIM, Qi Luan 23 March 2023 (has links)
付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24471号 / 理博第4970号 / 新制||理||1709(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 村山 美穂, 教授 伊谷 原一, 教授 平田 聡 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
7

Salt-lick use by mammals in tropical rainforests of Peninsula Malaysia / 半島マレーシア熱帯雨林における中大型哺乳類の塩場利用

Doi(Tawa), Yuko 24 November 2023 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第13577号 / 論理博第1579号 / 新制||理||1713(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻(霊長類学・野生動物系) / (主査)教授 松田 一希, 教授 平田 聡, 准教授 杉浦 秀樹 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
8

Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) na paisagem fragmentada do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo / Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) at patched landscape in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo, Brazil

Tófoli, Cristina Farah de 28 March 2007 (has links)
Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), o maior frugívoro do Brasil, desempenha um papel importante na dinâmica dos ambientes e é muito suscetível à perda de habitats. Devido à Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ser o ecossistema mais fragmentado e ameaçado do Domínio Florestal Atlântico do Brasil e o Pontal do Paranapanema ser igualmente constituído apenas por remanescentes florestais, as populações de antas (T. terrestris) nessa região, sentindo os efeitos dessas mudanças ambientais, podem estar reduzidas a níveis insustentáveis ao longo do tempo, e conseqüentemente, todo ecossistema pode ser prejudicado. O conhecimento da ecologia alimentar é um dos fatores mais importantes para realização de ações que visem a conservação das espécies e as interações entre plantas e animais são fundamentais para manutenção da dinâmica florestal, assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram conhecer a composição de frutos consumidos pela anta e verificar se houve variação sazonal em sua dieta e sua ação potencial como dispersor de sementes. Diante da paisagem fragmentada da região onde o estudo foi conduzido e da possibilidade dessa alteração afetar a dieta de espécies, objetivou-se verificar se a fragmentação de habitats influencia o consumo de frutos pelas antas. Para isso, foram analisadas 170 amostras fecais e dois conteúdos estomacais, coletados entre maio de 2003 e maio de 2005, no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD), nos fragmentos florestais da Estação Ecológica Mico-Leão-Preto e em outros remanescentes florestais da região do Pontal do Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo. Depois de coletadas, as fezes foram lavadas, secas em estufa, as sementes foram retiradas das fezes e pesadas separadamente das partes vegetativas. Posteriormente, os frutos foram identificados por pesquisador especialista e foi montado experimento de germinação para verificar a viabilidade das sementes. Sua dieta foi composta por 65,5% de fibras e 34,5% de frutos e sementes. Comparando a composição sazonal da dieta, não houve diferença entre a massa consumida de fibras e frutos (seca: t=0.15, gl=114, p=0,88; chuvosa: t=1,431, gl=56, p=0,16). Com relação à fragmentação florestal, a massa de fibras e frutos consumidos no PEMD não apresentou diferença (t=1.54, gl=129, p=0,13); já nos fragmentos foi composta por maior massa de fibras do que sementes (t=-5.69, gl=41, p<0.001). Foi identificado o consumo de 58 tipos de frutos, pertencentes a 23 famílias vegetais. Dentre estes, 22 itens e oito famílias são registros inéditos. Os frutos mais representativos foram Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassm, Psychotria spp., Bromelia balansae (Mez, 1891), Ilex spp. e Annona cacans (Warm.). Syagrus romanzoffiana, Psychotria spp. e Bromelia balansae foram os frutos mais representativos, apresentando importância considerável nas duas estações, sendo freqüentemente consumidos no PEMD e nos fragmentos florestais. Foi estimada uma riqueza maior de frutos consumidos na estação seca e no PEMD, enquanto a estação chuvosa e os fragmentos apresentaram menores valores (seca=72,77, chuvosa=41,77; PEMD=79,8, fragmentos=33). Não houve predação de sementes durante a mastigação e para certas espécies o processo digestório não inviabilizou as sementes. Estes resultados sugerem que a espécie pode atuar como potencial dispersora ou predadora de sementes. O consumo de maior riqueza de frutos na época seca acompanhou o período com maior número de espécies frutificando na região e conseqüentemente, mais recursos alimentares disponíveis durante essa estação. Como nos remanescentes fragmentados há diminuição das interações ecológicas, levando a redução na abundância de frutos, riqueza e diversidade de espécies, menores massa de sementes e riqueza de frutos nos fragmentos pode ser uma conseqüência do isolamento de habitats. Assim, apesar de T. terrestris consumir uma grande variedade de frutos no Pontal do Paranapanema, sugerindo uma dieta rica e diversa, ao longo do tempo, a população da região pode ser afetada pela fragmentação florestal. / The lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), the largest mammalian frugivore in Brazil, plays an important role in environmental dynamics and is particularly susceptible to habitat loss. The Atlantic Plateau Forest is the most threatened ecosystem of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Domain. In the Pontal do Paranapanema region (western São Paulo State), this system is entirely composed of remnant forest fragments. Here, the tapir population may decrease to an unsustainable size in long-term and, consequently, the whole ecosystem may become compromised. Food habits are some of the most important data needed for species conservation and to understand the plant-animal interactions necessary to maintain forest dynamics. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate in tapirs: fruit species composition in the diet, seasonal variation of consumed items and the animals? potential as seed dispersers. Due to the fragmented landscape in the study region and the possibility that such alteration affects the species? diet, a subsequent objective was to verify if forest fragmentation influences fruit consumption. We analyzed 170 fecal and two stomach-content samples obtained from May 2003 to May 2005. These were collected from Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP, 36000 ha), forest fragments from the Mico-Leão-Preto Ecological Station and other fragments in the Pontal do Paranapanema region. The tapir diet was composed of 65.5% fibers and leaves and 34.5% fruits and seeds. Tapirs consumed the same amount of fibers and fruits during the wet and dry seasons (t=1.431, p=0.16; t=0.15, p=0.88, respectively). Seed and fiber weight were not significantly different from fruits weight in MDSP (t=1.54, d.f.=129, p=0.13), although in forest patches a lower amount of fruits was consumed (t=-5.69, d.f.=41, p<0.001). Fifty-eight different items from 23 Families of plants were identified ? among these, 22 fruits and eight Families were recorded for the first time in the species? diet. Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassm, Psychotria spp. and Bromelia balansae (Mez, 1891) were the most consumed fruits, important during both seasons and in both MDSP and other forest fragments. The variables associated with the higher richness of fruits consumed were in the dry season and in MDSP (relative to rainy season and other forest fragments): dry=72.77; rainy=41.77; MDSP=79.8, other fragments=33). Observations of seeds found in feces indicated that mastication rarely contributes to seed damage. Germination experiments were undertaken with both whole and damaged seeds originated from feces, several of these remained viable. Suggesting that tapirs can act as seed dispersers. Tapirs consumed the highest richness of fruits during the dry season, likely associated with higher fruit production in the habitat during these months. Our data further suggests that forest fragmentation may be associated with the lower seed mass and species richness found in the tapir diet. Despite the diversity of fruit consumed by tapirs in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the long-term population stability in this region can be affected by habitat fragmentation.
9

Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) na paisagem fragmentada do Pontal do Paranapanema, São Paulo / Frugivory and Seed Dispersal by Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) at patched landscape in the Pontal do Paranapanema region, São Paulo, Brazil

Cristina Farah de Tófoli 28 March 2007 (has links)
Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), o maior frugívoro do Brasil, desempenha um papel importante na dinâmica dos ambientes e é muito suscetível à perda de habitats. Devido à Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ser o ecossistema mais fragmentado e ameaçado do Domínio Florestal Atlântico do Brasil e o Pontal do Paranapanema ser igualmente constituído apenas por remanescentes florestais, as populações de antas (T. terrestris) nessa região, sentindo os efeitos dessas mudanças ambientais, podem estar reduzidas a níveis insustentáveis ao longo do tempo, e conseqüentemente, todo ecossistema pode ser prejudicado. O conhecimento da ecologia alimentar é um dos fatores mais importantes para realização de ações que visem a conservação das espécies e as interações entre plantas e animais são fundamentais para manutenção da dinâmica florestal, assim, os objetivos desse estudo foram conhecer a composição de frutos consumidos pela anta e verificar se houve variação sazonal em sua dieta e sua ação potencial como dispersor de sementes. Diante da paisagem fragmentada da região onde o estudo foi conduzido e da possibilidade dessa alteração afetar a dieta de espécies, objetivou-se verificar se a fragmentação de habitats influencia o consumo de frutos pelas antas. Para isso, foram analisadas 170 amostras fecais e dois conteúdos estomacais, coletados entre maio de 2003 e maio de 2005, no Parque Estadual Morro do Diabo (PEMD), nos fragmentos florestais da Estação Ecológica Mico-Leão-Preto e em outros remanescentes florestais da região do Pontal do Paranapanema, Estado de São Paulo. Depois de coletadas, as fezes foram lavadas, secas em estufa, as sementes foram retiradas das fezes e pesadas separadamente das partes vegetativas. Posteriormente, os frutos foram identificados por pesquisador especialista e foi montado experimento de germinação para verificar a viabilidade das sementes. Sua dieta foi composta por 65,5% de fibras e 34,5% de frutos e sementes. Comparando a composição sazonal da dieta, não houve diferença entre a massa consumida de fibras e frutos (seca: t=0.15, gl=114, p=0,88; chuvosa: t=1,431, gl=56, p=0,16). Com relação à fragmentação florestal, a massa de fibras e frutos consumidos no PEMD não apresentou diferença (t=1.54, gl=129, p=0,13); já nos fragmentos foi composta por maior massa de fibras do que sementes (t=-5.69, gl=41, p<0.001). Foi identificado o consumo de 58 tipos de frutos, pertencentes a 23 famílias vegetais. Dentre estes, 22 itens e oito famílias são registros inéditos. Os frutos mais representativos foram Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassm, Psychotria spp., Bromelia balansae (Mez, 1891), Ilex spp. e Annona cacans (Warm.). Syagrus romanzoffiana, Psychotria spp. e Bromelia balansae foram os frutos mais representativos, apresentando importância considerável nas duas estações, sendo freqüentemente consumidos no PEMD e nos fragmentos florestais. Foi estimada uma riqueza maior de frutos consumidos na estação seca e no PEMD, enquanto a estação chuvosa e os fragmentos apresentaram menores valores (seca=72,77, chuvosa=41,77; PEMD=79,8, fragmentos=33). Não houve predação de sementes durante a mastigação e para certas espécies o processo digestório não inviabilizou as sementes. Estes resultados sugerem que a espécie pode atuar como potencial dispersora ou predadora de sementes. O consumo de maior riqueza de frutos na época seca acompanhou o período com maior número de espécies frutificando na região e conseqüentemente, mais recursos alimentares disponíveis durante essa estação. Como nos remanescentes fragmentados há diminuição das interações ecológicas, levando a redução na abundância de frutos, riqueza e diversidade de espécies, menores massa de sementes e riqueza de frutos nos fragmentos pode ser uma conseqüência do isolamento de habitats. Assim, apesar de T. terrestris consumir uma grande variedade de frutos no Pontal do Paranapanema, sugerindo uma dieta rica e diversa, ao longo do tempo, a população da região pode ser afetada pela fragmentação florestal. / The lowland tapir Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758), the largest mammalian frugivore in Brazil, plays an important role in environmental dynamics and is particularly susceptible to habitat loss. The Atlantic Plateau Forest is the most threatened ecosystem of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Domain. In the Pontal do Paranapanema region (western São Paulo State), this system is entirely composed of remnant forest fragments. Here, the tapir population may decrease to an unsustainable size in long-term and, consequently, the whole ecosystem may become compromised. Food habits are some of the most important data needed for species conservation and to understand the plant-animal interactions necessary to maintain forest dynamics. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate in tapirs: fruit species composition in the diet, seasonal variation of consumed items and the animals? potential as seed dispersers. Due to the fragmented landscape in the study region and the possibility that such alteration affects the species? diet, a subsequent objective was to verify if forest fragmentation influences fruit consumption. We analyzed 170 fecal and two stomach-content samples obtained from May 2003 to May 2005. These were collected from Morro do Diabo State Park (MDSP, 36000 ha), forest fragments from the Mico-Leão-Preto Ecological Station and other fragments in the Pontal do Paranapanema region. The tapir diet was composed of 65.5% fibers and leaves and 34.5% fruits and seeds. Tapirs consumed the same amount of fibers and fruits during the wet and dry seasons (t=1.431, p=0.16; t=0.15, p=0.88, respectively). Seed and fiber weight were not significantly different from fruits weight in MDSP (t=1.54, d.f.=129, p=0.13), although in forest patches a lower amount of fruits was consumed (t=-5.69, d.f.=41, p<0.001). Fifty-eight different items from 23 Families of plants were identified ? among these, 22 fruits and eight Families were recorded for the first time in the species? diet. Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassm, Psychotria spp. and Bromelia balansae (Mez, 1891) were the most consumed fruits, important during both seasons and in both MDSP and other forest fragments. The variables associated with the higher richness of fruits consumed were in the dry season and in MDSP (relative to rainy season and other forest fragments): dry=72.77; rainy=41.77; MDSP=79.8, other fragments=33). Observations of seeds found in feces indicated that mastication rarely contributes to seed damage. Germination experiments were undertaken with both whole and damaged seeds originated from feces, several of these remained viable. Suggesting that tapirs can act as seed dispersers. Tapirs consumed the highest richness of fruits during the dry season, likely associated with higher fruit production in the habitat during these months. Our data further suggests that forest fragmentation may be associated with the lower seed mass and species richness found in the tapir diet. Despite the diversity of fruit consumed by tapirs in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the long-term population stability in this region can be affected by habitat fragmentation.

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