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Distribuição de tarefas em sistemas de workflow com base na aptidão dos recursos / Tasks distribution in workflow systems based on resources aptitudeVeloso, Renê Rodrigues 16 February 2006 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The distribution of tasks in workflow systems is not a trivial problem. There are
two solutions to make this distribution: Push and Pull. These solutions, in general,
do not consider the resources aptitude. However, resources that share the same role
in the workflow can have different degrees of aptitude to a task. The literature in
workflow points the solution based on Pull mechanisms with resources aptitude as
ideal to tasks, resulting in a more accurate executions and with more quality.
This work shows that, if the resources aptitute is used, the solution based on
Push presents a better performance and allows a more tuned balancing, regarding
to time and quality of the execution of the business processes. The experiments
demonstrate the effectiveness of the used approach. A comparison with traditional
solutions shows gains in terms of time and quality of tasks execution. / Distribuir tarefas em sistemas de workflow não é um problema trivial. Há duas
soluções para realizar essa distribuição: Push e Pull. Essas soluções, em geral,
não consideram a aptidão dos recursos. No entanto, recursos que compartilham o
mesmo papel no workflow podem possuir diferentes graus de aptidão a uma tarefa. A
literatura de worklfow aponta a solução baseada em Pull, com aptidão dos recursos,
como ideal para distribuir tarefas, resultando em execuções mais ágeis e com melhor
qualidade.
Este trabalho mostra que, se utilizada a aptidão dos recursos, a solução baseada
em Push apresenta melhor eficiência do que a Pull e permite um balanceamento
mais refinado nos quesitos tempo e qualidade de execução dos processos de negocio.
Os experimentos realizados mostram a efetividade da abordagem utilizada. Uma
comparação com soluções tradicionais comprova ganhos significativos em termos de
tempo e qualidade. / Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Mudança do modelo gerencial em um hospital de ensino: a reconstrução da prática de enfermagem / Change in the managerial model at a teaching hospital: the reconstruction of nursing practiceElizabeth Bernardino 05 March 2007 (has links)
Nos locais onde a implantação do SUS avançou para a formação de redes de atenção, os hospitais foram impulsionados à plena integração às redes municipais, o que impôs modificações conceituais e operacionais nos modelos de gerenciamento. O hospital do estudo, adotou, recentemente, um modelo gerencial baseado em linhas de cuidado, cujo objetivo geral é a descentralização da gestão, através da construção de Unidades Funcionais (UF). A proposta de descentralização e a adoção de uma lógica de organização do trabalho, mais por equipe do que por profissão, ancoram esse novo modelo, cuja operacionalização local provocou o desmantelamento do Serviço e a desarticulação/desmobilização dos trabalhadores de enfermagem. O presente estudo teve, como objetivo geral: construir as mudanças que deveriam ser implementadas na organização do trabalho em Enfermagem, tendo em vista o novo modelo de gestão adotado pelo hospital. Os objetivos específicos foram: Reconstruir os determinantes históricos implicados na instituição do modelo gerencial de enfermagem; identificar o contexto atual deste modelo, o seu significado e as possibilidades futuras; articular as estratégias de enfrentamento dessa problemática, no que se refere aos saberes e poderes e elaborar proposta e estratégias para a sua reconstrução. Esta pesquisa é do tipo estudo de caso e de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada no referencial histórico e social. Teve como cenário, o HC/UFPR e a população foram os trabalhadores de enfermagem, que somam, aproximadamente, 1200 funcionários. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se a técnica de grupo focal. O grupo foi composto por 12 sujeitos, sendo 8 enfermeiras, 2 técnicas e 2 auxiliares de Enfermagem, que aceitaram voluntariamente participar da pesquisa. As falas foram transcritas e categorizadas, usando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade da análise temática. Como resultado, foi possível apreender 3 categorias empíricas: os determinantes históricos implicados na instituição do modelo gerencial de enfermagem; o contexto atual deste modelo, o seu significado e as possibilidades futuras e as estratégias de enfrentamento, no que se refere aos saberes e poderes. No que concerne aos determinantes históricos, ressalta-se: o estranhamento das enfermeiras com o cenário externo e interno, o desmanche intencional da Enfermagem no hospital; a constituição histórica do trabalho da Enfermagem e sua posição dentro da organização, e a percepção de que as enfermeiras que assumiram cargos de confiança no novo modelo se comportam mais como gerentes do que como enfermeiras-gerentes. Na categoria que identifica a situação atual, seu significado e as possibilidades futuras, foi possível extrair a crise de identidade causada pela perda da Direção de Enfermagem, e os dois aspectos que se perceberam mais afetados: o cuidado e o poder. Na categoria estratégias de enfrentamento, foi possível apreender que as opções estratégicas para fazer o enfrentamento incluem: agregar forças, encontrar uma liderança, legitimá-la e construir um projeto próprio. Em síntese, o estudo mostra um ambiente em processo de mutação, os fatos que justificam a mudança e as contradições entre os pressupostos teóricos do modelo e sua operacionalização. Na perspectiva do gerenciamento que institui o novo, foram feitas propostas para o desenvolvimento da Enfermagem do HC/UFPR, considerando os conhecimentos e as estratégias necessárias à conquista de competências que poderão impactar em resultados nas dimensões técnica, política, comunicativa e de desenvolvimento da cidadania. Neste sentido , os maiores desafios para a Enfermagem serão: construir uma nova identidade, realizar o trabalho em equipe mantendo a unidade e a identidade profissional, adquirir visibilidade na instituição, mudar o cuidado e ampliar a gerência. Para tanto, as enfermeiras precisam superar a formação tradicional e investir na formação inovadora. A seu favor, contam com a experiência e o conhecimento adquiridos ao longo de muitos anos, que as qualificam a fazer, se assim o desejarem, uma mudança bem sucedida / Wherever the National Health System was implemented as a caring network hospitals were pushed towards a full integration into municipal health networks, something which demanded conceptual and operational changes in managerial models. The hospital in the study has recently adopted a managerial model which follow caring guidelines whose general goal is management decentralization by building Functional Units (FU). The proposed decentralization process and the adoption of its new logic in work organization is centered on the team rather than on the occupation. However, its local implementation has caused service failure and motivated breakdown and takeover by nursing professionals. The present study aimed at finding out what changes should be implemented in the professional nursing organization according to the current managerial model adopted by the hospital. Specific goals were as follows: to rebuild the historical background underlying the implementation of the managerial nursing model; to identify the current context of such a model, its meaning as well as future outlook; to think up strategies to cope with this problem concerning knowledge and competency and to work out a new proposal and strategies to rebuild this system. This research is a case study. Our qualitative analysis takes into account historical and social backgrounds. The setting was Hospital das Clinicas at the Federal University of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Our participants were chosen from the nursing staff of the hospital, which totals 1200 nursing professionals. We used a Focus Group technique to collect data. The group was comprised of 12 subjects: 2 nurses, 2 nursing technicians and 2 nursing assistants who had volunteered for the research. The accounts were transcribed and classified according to a content analysis within a theme analysis approach. Three (3) empirical categories were created: the historical background underlying the implementation of the managerial nursing model; the current context of such a model, its meaning and future outlook as well as the coping strategies concerning knowledge and competency. Concerning the historical background, we can highlight the following elements: the nursing professionals uneasiness towards the inner and outer scenarios, the intentional breakdown of nursing services at the hospital; the historical organization of nursing and its position in the institution; and the impression that nurses holding trustworthy positions in the new managerial model acted more like managers rather than nursing managers. In our analysis of the present situation, its meaning and future outlook, it was possible to discern the identity crisis brought about by the elimination of the Nursing Director position, and two aspects of the service which were most affected: care and power. In our analysis of the coping strategies, it was possible to identify the following strategic coping options used by the nursing staff: the joining of forces, the identification and legitimation of leadership, and the building of a project of their own. In short, the study discloses a changing environment and the facts supporting its change as well as the contradictions between the theoretical assumptions of the new model and its operationalization. As for the new managerial perspective, proposals were elaborated aiming at improving nursing service at Hospital das Clinicas at the Federal University of the state of Paraná, Brazil, keeping in mind the knowledge and the related strategies to reach the competency that may bring about positive results to technical, political, and communicative development in the exercise of citizenship. Thus, the hardest challenges for nursing will be: building up a new identity, carrying out team work - while keeping professional unit and identity- improving their visibility in the institution, changing care and extending management. Therefore, nurses need to do away with the traditional model and invest in an innovative model. Long-term gathered experience and knowledge favor them in order to foster, if they wish, a successful change
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Avaliação de usabilidade de técnicas de visualização de informações multidimensionais / Usability evaluation of multidimensional visualization techniquesValiati, Eliane Regina de Almeida January 2008 (has links)
Técnicas de visualização de informações multidimensionais têm o potencial de auxiliar na análise visual e exploração de grandes conjuntos de dados, através do emprego de mecanismos que buscam tanto representar visualmente os dados quanto permitir ao usuário a interação com estas representações. Neste contexto, diversas técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas, muitas delas sem uma avaliação detalhada e aprofundada tanto de eficiência como de utilidade no suporte às necessidades dos usuários. Contudo, há relativamente pouco tempo começaram a ser publicados trabalhos abordando as diversas questões relacionadas à avaliação de usabilidade de sistemas ou das aplicações que implementam estas técnicas como forma de promover sua eficiente e efetiva utilização. A avaliação de usabilidade de interfaces de sistemas de visualização representa um desafio de pesquisa uma vez que elas apresentam significativas diferenças com relação a outros tipos de interface. Neste sentido, existe uma carência de sistematização (incluindo o uso de métodos e técnicas de avaliação de usabilidade) que explore e considere as características deste tipo de interface de maneira adequada. Esta tese investiga soluções viáveis para o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem sistemática para avaliação de usabilidade de técnicas de visualização de informações multidimensionais e apresenta as seguintes soluções ao problema em estudo: 1) determinação de uma taxonomia de tarefas específica relacionada ao uso de visualizações multidimensionais no processo de análise de dados e 2) adaptação de técnicas e métodos de avaliação de usabilidade, com o objetivo de torná-los mais efetivos ao contexto de sistemas de visualização de informações multidimensionais. / Multidimensional visualization techniques have the potential of supporting the visual analysis and exploration of large datasets, by means of providing visual representations and interaction techniques which allow users to interact with the data through their graphical representation. In this context, several techniques have been developed, most of them being reported without a broad and deep evaluation both regarding their efficiency and utility in supporting users tasks. Few years ago, thus quite recently, several works have been published reporting many issues related to the evaluation of visualization systems and applications, as a means of promoting their efficiency and effective use. In spite of these works, the usability evaluation of visualization systems’ graphical interfaces remains a challenge because of the significant differences between these interfaces and those of other systems. This way, there is a need of finding a systematic approach for such evaluations, including the definition of which usability methods and techniques are best suited for this kind of interfaces. This thesis reports our investigation of viable solutions for the development of a systematic approach for the usability evaluation of multidimensional information visualizations. We have conducted several case studies and experiments with users and have achieved the following contributions: 1) a taxonomy of visualization tasks, that is related to the use of interactive visualization techniques for the exploration and analysis of multidimensional datasets and 2) adaptation of usability evaluation techniques with the goal of making them more effective in the context of multidimensional information visualizations.
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Escalonamento memetico e neuro-memetico de tarefas / Memetic and neuro-memetic scheduling of tasksBonfim, Tatiane Regina 17 February 2006 (has links)
Orientador: Akebo Yamakami / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T10:47:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem de resolução, por algoritmo memético e pela coevolução de algoritmo memético com redes neurais, para o problema de escalonamento de tarefas em máquinas paralelas idênticas e para o problema de job shop com parâmetros precisos. Para os problemas de escalonamento com parâmetros com incertezas, onde os parâmetros não são precisamente conhecidos, toma-se dificil classificar um determinado escalonamento ótimo. A noção de ótimo também torna-se imprecisa e o grau de otimalidade de um dado escalonamento ("o quanto um escalonamento é ótimo") pode ser caracterizada por um número fuzzy. Foi aplicado também o conceito de otimalidade possível para medir a possibilidade de um determinado escalonamento ser ótimo. O algoritmo memético foi aplicado para encontrar soluções para o problema, a rede neural foi aplicada para encontrar a função de fitness das soluções encontradas pelo algoritmo memético, e o conceito de possibilidade foi aplicado para avaliar as melhores soluções. Foram utilizadas as redes neurais backpropagation e com aprendizado por reforço para encontrar o valor da função de fitness. As simulações mostraram que as redes neurais apresentaram uma boa performance na coevolução com o algoritmo memético e na resolução dos problemas, e mostraram que o conceito de possibilidade teve uma boa perfomance na avaliação da otimalidade das soluções / Abstract: This work presents a new approach for the resolution of the problem of identical parallel machine scheduling and job shop scheduling with precise parameters, with memetic algorithm and memetic algorithm coevolving with neural networks. For problems with parameters with uncertainties, where the parameters of the problem are not precisely known, it is difficult to say in prior which schedule will be optimal. The notion of optimal also becomes imprecise and the degree of optimality of a given schedule ("how much a schedule is optimal") can be characterized by a fuzzy number. We was used also the concepts of possibility to measure the possibility of a given schedule be optimal. Memetic algorithm has been used to find the solutions of the problem, the neural network has been used to find the fitness function of these solutions, and the concept of possibility has been used to evaluate the best solutions. We was used neural networks with backpropagation and reinforcement learning to find the fitness function. Simulations showed that the neural networks presents a good performance in the coevolution of the memetic algorithm and in the resolution of the problems, and showed that the concept of possibility present a good performance in the evaluation of solutions optimality / Doutorado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Escalonadores de tarefas dependentes para grades robustos as incertezas das informações de entrada / Robust dependent task schedulers for grid networksBatista, Daniel Macêdo 15 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca / Tese (doutorado ) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T11:13:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Para que escalonadores em grades derivem escalonamentos, é necessário que se forneçam as demandas das aplicações e as disponibilidades dos recursos das grades. No entanto, a falta de controle centralizado, o desconhecimento dos usuários e a imprecisão das ferramentas de medição fazem com que as informações fornecidas aos escalonadores difiram dos valores reais que deveriam ser considerados para se obter escalonamentos quase-ótimos. A presente Tese introduz dois escalonadores de tarefas robustos às incertezas das informações providas como entrada ao escalonador. Um dos escalonadores lida com informações imprecisas sobre as demandas das aplicações, enquanto que o outro considera tanto imprecisões das demandas quanto da disponibilidade de recursos. A eficácia e a eficiência dos escalonadores robustos às incertezas são avaliadas através de simulação.Comparam-se os escalonamentos gerados pelos escalonadores robustos com os produzidos por escalonadores sensíveis às informações incertas. A eficácia de estimadores de largura de banda disponível são, também, avaliadas, através de medição, a luz da adoção destes em sistemas de grades, a fim de que se possa utilizar suas estimativas como informação de entrada a escalonadores robustos / Abstract: Schedulers need information on the application demands and on the grid resource availability as input to derive efficient schedules for the tasks of a grid application. However, information provided to schedulers differ from the true values due to the lack of central control in a grid and the lack of ownership of resources as well as the precision of estimations provided by measurement tools. This thesis introduces two robust schedulers based on fuzzy optimization. The first scheduler deals with uncertainties on the application demands while the other with uncertainties of both application demands and resource availability. The effectiveness of these schedulers are evaluated via simulation and the schedules produced by them are compared to those of their non-fuzzy counterpart. Moreover, the efficacy of available bandwidth estimators is assessed in order to evaluate their use in grid systems for providing schedulers with useful input information / Doutorado / Sistemas de Computação, Redes Multimidia / Doutor em Ciência da Computação
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Uma abordagem imuno-inspirada para a resolução do problema de planejamento de processos / A immune approach for job shop schedulingFreitas Filho, Leonardo Jose Ramos 21 February 2008 (has links)
Orientador: Akebo Yamakami / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:03:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Um dos problemas mais comuns em planejamento de processos é o escalonamento. Este se resume na alocação de tarefas a serem executadas utilizando determinados recursos, sujeitas a uma ordem de prioridades, restrição de tempo e disponibilidade. O Job Shop é um dos sistemas mais conhecidos e estudados, pois reúne características de outras classes de sistemas de planejamento, além de ser necessária a elaboração de métodos de resolução mais sofisticados devido sua alta complexidade (NP-difícil). A computação natural é constituída por novas abordagens de computação caracterizadas por uma maior proximidade com a natureza. A aplicação de métodos inspirados em sistemas imunológicos demonstra, nos últimos anos, ser promissor em diversas áreas de aplicação e pesquisa, como por exemplo, otimização. Tendo em vista este cenário, é feita aqui uma abordagem imuno-inspirada para elaboração de um sistema de otimização, através de resolução do escalonamento de um Job Shop, provendo soluções diversificas e de alta qualidade / Abstract: Scheduling problems are jobs allocation using distinct sources ordered by sequence constraint and time constraint. Job Shop is one the most studied problem because it is possible to find different scheduling features. Also this problem needs sophisticated solving methods by complexity characteristics (NP-Hard). Natural Computing uses a new computation approach representing natural systems. Immune system methods approaches shows, in the last years, good results in many applications and several researches, for example, optimization. In this scenario we developed an artificial immune system to solve Job Shop system. We will show hight diversity and quality solutions / Mestrado / Telecomunicações e Telemática / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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The Achievement of Student Development Tasks by Male College Scholarship Athletes and Non-Athletes: A ComparisonMills, Donald B. (Donald Bjorn) 05 1900 (has links)
The problem with which this study is concerned is to determine whether or not differences exist in the achievement of student development tasks by college student athletes and non-athletes. The investigation also tested for differences in the achievement of developmental tasks between athletes and non-athletes based on the variables of race (black or white), classification, and interpersonal behavior orientation. The sample was composed of 276 male students (201 non-athletes and 75 athletes) who attend a large private university in Texas. Each participant completed both a student developmental task inventory questionnaire, which measures individual achievement of the tasks of developing autonomy, purpose, and mature interpersonal relationships, and an interpersonal relationship orientation-behavior instrument, which measures an individual's orientation to others on the scales of inclusion, control, and affection.
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An investigation into the appropriateness of the current assessment model continuous assessment (CASS) and common task for assessment (CTA) for the general education and training bandRamothlale, Elizabeth Faith 07 April 2010 (has links)
This research sought to investigate how appropriate the Continuous Assessment (CASS) and Common Task for Assessment (CTA) are as assessment models for the General Education and Training Certificate (GETC) with specialization in Economic and Management Science. It examined the appropriateness of quality assurance mechanisms that were used in CASS and CTA at Grade 9 level, with specific reference to Economic and Management Science. The research question further examined how valid the CASS tasks are and how reliable the CASS and CTA marks are at Grade 9 level, with reference to EMS? The qualitative research approach was used within a case study research design. Thus purposeful sampling was used to select the five participants of this study, namely; two EMS educators, two EMS departmental heads and the District facilitator for EMS. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations, and triangulated to support the conclusions and to make the findings more reliable. The results indicated that teachers lacked the skills to construct tasks of high quality, assessment plans, and assessment tools. As a result, they resorted the use of tests as a dominant form of assessment. The study further revealed that moderation of Grade 9 School-Based Assessment occurred at various levels of the education system, namely at school, cluster and provincial level. The study showed that there was a corroboration of concepts used in the conceptual framework based on the open system theory, as teachers’ qualifications contributed to the effective development and implementation of the learning programmes in Economic and Management Science. However, the procedures used in conducting moderation were not regarded in a favourable light. The difficulty of CTA was attributed to the non-coverage of all assessment standards during the implementation of CASS. Copyright / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted
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The experiences of adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS related conditionsLouw, Lynette 15 May 2007 (has links)
The goal of this study was to explore the experiences of adolescents who were orphaned by HIV/AIDS related conditions, thereby improving the knowledge base and insight of social workers that will enable them to render more effective services. The objectives of this study was: -- To build a knowledge base of existing literature on the impact of HIV/AIDS related circumstances on orphaned adolescents. -- To conduct an empirical study of the experiences of adolescents on the following terrains, namely Belonging, Mastery, Independence and Generosity. -- To make recommendations about the experiences of adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS related conditions to be considered during formulation of intervention plans by social workers. This qualitative study endeavoured to answer the following research question: “What are the experiences of adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS related conditions in the Gert Sibande region of Mpumalanga?” The researcher aimed to document these experiences to improve the helping professions’ understanding of the phenomenon. This may lead to more successful intervention strategies for these adolescents. The study was feasible, as it was within the financial and practical means of the researcher. She had access to the target group and she had permission from the Department of Health and Social Services to conduct the study, using their resources, clients and data. Three themes emerged from data analysis, namely: -- THEME ONE: Sources of support, hurt and anger -- THEME TWO: My life changed after I became an orphan -- THEME THREE: Parents’ illness and death From the research findings, recommendations were made on a micro, macro and meso level. On a micro-level, this included improved foster parent screening, life skills camps, improved awareness campaigns and the establishment of support groups. On macro-level, the researcher is of the opinion that the strengthening of Home Based Care Groups, After-school centres and Children’s Homes should receive attention. / Dissertation (MA (Social Work))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted
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Planification de personnel avec affectation de tâches fixées : méthodes et application dans un contexte médical / Workforce scheduling with fixed tasks : methods and application in a medical contextLapegue, Tanguy 24 October 2014 (has links)
Bien que la gestion des ressources humaines soit une problématique bien étudiée, elle reste d’actualité encore aujourd’hui, notamment en raison de la grande diversité des contextes applicatifs. De plus, les outils d’aide à la décision adressant ces problèmes peuvent encore être améliorés. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons au contexte particulier où les activités des employés correspondent à des tâches fixées dans le temps, requérant des compétences précises et ne pouvant être préemptées. Nous étudions tout d’abord un problème issu de l’industrie pharmaceutique où il s’agit non seulement de trouver une affectation équitable des tâches, mais également de construire les horaires de travail du personnel de manière à respecter les contraintes légales et organisationnelles. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons et comparons deux méthodes exactes, l’une fondée sur un modèle PLNE, l’autre sur un modèle PPC, ainsi que deux méta-heuristiques, l’une reposant sur une décomposition du problème, l’autre reposant sur une recherche par voisinages larges. Nous discutons ensuite de l’intégration de la meilleure de ces méthodes au sein d’un outil d’aide à la décision. Nous nous intéressons ensuite à un problème d’affectation de tâches fixées visant à minimiser le nombre d’employés requis. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous proposons une approche PPC tirant parti de la structure du problème. Nous montrons que cette approche permet d’obtenir rapidement de bonnes bornes, permettant ainsi de prouver l’optimalité sur les instances de la littérature dans un temps raisonnable. / Although workforce scheduling has been studied for decades, it remains highly relevant. In particular, applications and contexts are numerous, and they are always changing. Moreover, decision-support tools dedicated to workforce scheduling could still be improved. In this thesis, we focus on the particular context where workers are assigned to fixed tasks which cannot be preempted and require specific skills. First, we study a problem arising in a company specialized in drug evaluation where fixed tasks have to be assigned in a fair way to qualified employees so that the resulting individual shifts and plannings respect legal and organizational constraints. To handle this problem, we design and compare two exact methods, one based on a MIP model, the other on a CP approach, but also two meta-heuristics, one based on a decomposition strategy, and the other on a large neighborhood search. The best method is integrated within a decision support system. Second, we study a fixed tasks assignment problem, where the objective is to minimize the number of resources required to perform all the tasks. To tackle this problem, we suggest a constraint based approach which takes advantage of the structure of the problem. This approach enables to compute good bounds quickly, and thus, it proves optimality over state-of-the-art instances within a reasonable time limit.
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