The thesis discusses the restrictions of photovoltaic industrial market and technical characteristics, and the reactions of Japanese government and photovoltaic industry. Furthermore, this thesis studies what are the Japanese government industrial policies and Japanese photovoltaic enterprises¡¦ global strategies for the correction of photovoltaic market failure status. First of all, the thesis discusses the limitations of photovoltaic industrial market and technical characteristics. After realizing the market and technical characteristics of photovoltaic industry, the dissertation discovers the corrections that Japanese government and Japanese enterprises made to response the market and technical characteristics of photovoltaic industry. To realize the corrections that Japanese government and Japanese enterprises made, the thesis discusses the Japanese government photovoltaic industrial policies from 1970s and the worldwide strategies of Japanese photovoltaic enterprises. Under the market failure status of photovoltaic industry, how do the policies of public sectors and the strategies of private sectors interact in addition.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 440959 bytes, checksum: d22f486cf5e4f4bfebe84fc49fb6dd16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work had the objective to evaluate different spray nozzle by different operational conditions in order to have subsidies for the correct selection of spray nozzle for pesticide application. The work consisted of two experiments. On the first, it was evaluated the deposition of drops on the soybean canopy by spray nozzle XR11002 (XR), TXA8002 (TX), TT11002 (TT) and TJ60-8002 (TJ) exposed to pressure of 827, 552 and 276 kPa. It was quantified the volume median diameter (DMV) of the drop population, density of drops (drops cm-2) and covering percentage. The drops were collected in three positions on the soybean canopy: superior third, medium and inferior of the plant by factorial scheme 4x3x3 (four spray nozzle, three pressure and three positions on the soybean canopy) in a totally occasional sketch with four repetitions. On the second experiment, the technical characteristics of spray nozzle LA-1JC and SR-1 were evaluated by different operational conditions. It was evaluated the pattern check of spray nozzle in test workbench following the pattern ISO 5682/2 on heights of 30, 40 and 50 cm, determining spray nozzle outflow, drops spectrum, left, right and total angle spray. All characteristics analyzed were submitted to pressure of 100, 200 and 300 KPa. In the experiment about the deposition of drops on the soybean canopy, it was realized that the drop population showed higher DMV on the superior third of the plant. However, the nozzle TJ provided drops with homogeneous DMV in the evaluated positions. Independent of spray nozzle utilized, the pressure of 276 KPa allowed deposition of drops with same size on the three positions. For the other pressures, it was obtained higher pressure on the superior third of the plant. The TJ nozzle provided similar covering of the aim on the three third and superior covering on the other nozzle of the medium third and inferior of the plant. The nozzles promoted higher density of drops on the superior third of the plant, decreasing in proportion to reduce the height, except TJ nozzle which showed homogeneous density in the three positions. Analyzing technical characteristics of SR-1 and LA-1JC nozzles, it was observed continuous pattern check to the LAI-JC nozzles in all pressure and SR-1 when utilized pressure of 100kPa that was indicated for stripe. SR nozzle showed discontinued pattern in the pressure of 200 and 300 kPa, which is indicated for application in total area. There was better uniformity in the distribution (lower rate of variation), with lower set at intervals on the nozzles and higher bar height. For both nozzles DMV decreased in proportion to the increase of the pressure. Independent of the work pressure utilized, LA-1JC and SR-1 nozzles provided extremely dense drops. CH is adequate to the patterns of jet plane nozzle (lower than 5) showing great homogeneity in the drops spectrum in every work pressure. LA-1JC nozzle showed higher outflow than SR1, on the pressure of 200 and 300 kPa, having no difference observed when 100 kPa pressure was utilized. The left and right angle of pulverization were symmetrical that there weren t differences between nozzle and pressure. There was increasing on the angle in proportion to the pressure improvement on the nozzle. It is indicated TJ nozzle for pesticides application in adequate climate conditions. / Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar diferentes pontas de pulverização em diferentes condições operacionais, visando fornecer subsídios para a seleção correta de pontas de pulverização para aplicação de agrotóxicos. O trabalho constou de dois experimentos. No primeiro foi avaliado a deposição de gotas no dossel da soja pelas pontas de pulverização XR11002 (XR), TXA-8002 (TX), TT11002 (TT) e TJ60-8002 (TJ), submetidas a pressões de 827, 552 e 276 kPa. Quantificou-se o diâmetro da mediana volumétrica (DMV) da população de gotas, densidade de gotas (gotas cm-2) e porcentagem de cobertura. A coleta das gotas foi realizada em três posições no dossel da soja: terço superior, médio e inferior da planta em esquema fatorial 4x3x3 (quatro pontas de pulverização, três pressões e três posições no dossel da planta) em um DBC com quatro repetições. No segundo experimento avaliou-se as características técnicas das pontas de pulverização LA-1JC e SR-1 sob diferentes condições operacionais. Avaliou-se o perfil de distribuição das pontas em bancada de ensaios padronizada seguindo a norma ISO 5682/2 em alturas de 30, 40 e 50 cm, determinou-se a vazão das pontas, o espectro de gotas, o ângulo de pulverização esquerdo, direito e total. Todas as características avaliadas foram submetidas as pressões de 100, 200 e 300 kPa. Observou-se no experimento de deposição de calda no dossel da soja, que a população de gotas apresentou maior DMV no terço superior da planta, entretanto a ponta TJ proporcionou gotas com DMV homogêneo nas posições avaliadas. Independente da ponta de pulverização utilizada, a pressão de 276 kPa permitiu deposição de gotas com tamanho uniforme nas três posições. Para as demais pressões, maior DMV foi obtido no terço superior da planta. A ponta TJ, proporcionou cobertura do alvo semelhante nos três terços e cobertura superior as demais pontas no terço médio e inferior da planta. As pontas promoveram maior densidade de gotas no terço superior da planta, decrescendo à medida que se reduz a altura, exceto para ponta TJ, que apresentou densidade de gotas homogênea nas três posições. Avaliando as características técnicas das pontas SR-1e LA-1JC, observou-se perfil de distribuição contínuo para as pontas LA1-JC em todas as pressões e da SR-1 quando utilizado a pressão de 100 kPa, sendo indicado para aplicação em faixa. A ponta SR-1 nas pressões de 200 e 300 kPa apresentou perfil descontínuo, sendo indicado para aplicação em área total. Houve melhor uniformidade de distribuição (menor coeficiente de variação), com menor espaçamento entre pontas e maior altura de barra. Para ambas as pontas, à medida que se aumentou a pressão diminuiu-se o DMV. Independente da pressão de trabalho utilizada, as pontas LA-1JC e SR-1 proporcionaram gotas extremamente grossas. O CH está adequado aos padrões para pontas de jato plano (menor que 5), apresentando boa homogeneidade no espectro de gotas em todas as pressões de trabalho. A ponta LA-1JC apresentou maior vazão em relação a ponta SR-1, nas pressões de 200 e 300 kPa, não sendo verificada diferença quando utilizada a pressão de 100 kPa. O ângulo de pulverização esquerdo e direito foram simétricos não havendo diferenças entre pontas e pressão. Houve aumento no ângulo a medida que se aumentou a pressão para ambas as pontas.

Tyrimo objektas: kombinuoti mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginiai esantys Balbieriškio, Kaišiadorių, Pasvalio ir Kuršėnų nuotekų valyklose. Tyrimo tikslas: išanalizuoti kombinuotų mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginių taikymo galimybes, atsižvelgiant į nuotekų charakteristikas, atlikti šių įrenginių privalumų ir trūkumų analizę. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Identifikuoti nuotekų valyklose esamus kombinuotus nuotekų valymo įrenginius. 2. Atrinkti nuotekų valyklas su skirtingais kombinuotais nuotekų valymo įrenginiais. 3. Išanalizuoti pasirinktose nuotekų valyklose atitekančių nuotekų charakteristikas. 4. Atlikti atrinktuose objektuose kombinuotų valymo įrenginių privalumų ir trūkumų analizę. Tyrimo metodas: ekspertinis vertinimas (vizualus vertinimas). Tyrimo rezultatai:  Trumpai aprašomi atrinkti objektai, kuriuose sumontuoti skirtingi kombinuoti mechaninio nuotekų valymo įrenginiai. Aprašomos kombainų techninės charakteristikos ir jų veikimas.  Atliekamas kombainų vertinimas pagal vertinimo kriterijus: įrenginių techninis patikimumas, valymo procesų technologinis stabilumas, valymo įrenginių kontrolės ir eksploatavimo ypatumai, valymo įrenginių priežiūros ir einamojo remonto ypatumai.  Gauti kombainų vertinimo rezultatai pagal 4 kriterijus panaudojami daugiakriterinei analizei, kuriai atlikti naudojama kompiuterinė programa DAM.  Atsižvelgiant į ekspertinio vertinimo ir daugiakriterinės analizės metu gautus rezultatus nustatyta, kad geriausias iš vertintų kombainų yra PASSAVANT... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the research: combined mechanical wastewater treatment facilities in the wastewater treatment plants of Balbieriškis, Kaišiadoriai, Pasvalys and Kuršėnai. Aim of research: to analyse the possibilities to apply combined mechanical wastewater treatment facilities, to perform the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of those treatment systems regarding the wastewater characteristics. Objectives of the research: 1. To identify combined wastewater treatment facilities located in the wastewater treatment plants. 2. To select the wastewater treatment plants with different combined wastewater treatment facilities. 3. To analyse the characteristics of wastewater coming into the selected wastewater treatment systems. 4. To perform the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of combined treatment facilities in the selected objects. Method of the research: expert evaluation (visual evaluation). Results of the research:  A short description of the selected objects where different combined mechanical wastewater treatment systems are installed. Technical characteristics and operation of combines are described.  An evaluation of combines is performed according to the following criteria: technical reliability of systems, technological stability of treatment processes, peculiarities of treatment plant monitoring and exploitation, peculiarities of maintenance and permanent repair of treatment plant systems.  The received results of combine evaluation are used for... [to full text]

Work includes certification procedures for experimental aeroplanes. Producer must answer individual work for right procedure certification. Office UCL give works and control production procedure aeroplane. Stationery (applications, confirmation, tec.) are part of work and is need make and feed. Part of work is VUT 001 MARABU and technical characteristics aeroplane.

Röntgen av bröst görs med hjälp av en mammograf och den första mammografen tillverkades 1968. En mammografiundersökning utförs av en röntgensjuksköterska som komprimerar bröstet mellan en platta och en detektor. Röntgensjuksköterskans intention är att verka för varje unik individ, då alla individer har olika mängd vävnad i brösten. Bröstkompressionen vid mammografiundersökningen är komplex och det finns en bristande kunskap om helheten i området. Syfte: Att sammanställa kunskapsläget gällande vilka parametrar som har inverkan på bröstkompression vid mammografiundersökningar. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt utfördes. I analysen ingick 12 artiklar. Resultat: Tre kategorier framkom under analysen, dessa var: patientrelaterade egenskaper, självkomprimering och tekniska egenskaper. Kategorin patientrelaterade egenskaper innefattar densitet, brösttjocklek, stråldos, kompressionskraft och kompressionstryck, självkomprimering innehåller artiklar där patienten delvis utför mammografiundersökningen själv och tekniska egenskaper innehåller artiklar som tar upp kompressionsplattor, fabrikat och detektorer. Slutsats: Slutsatsen av denna allmänna litteraturöversikt är att bröstkompressionen har stor betydelse vid mammografiundersökningar och att förbättringsområden finns inom självkomprimering, brösttomosyntes, kompressionskraft och kompressionstryck. Det behövs mer forskning i ämnet.

<p>Дат је детаљан преглед садашњих концепцијских решења и начина<br />монтаже савремених универзалних зупчастих редуктора.<br />Карактеристике ових решења анализиране су посредством јединичних и<br />комплексних показатеља квалитета. Резултати те анализе приказани су<br />на систематичан и јасан начин, коришћењем табела, дијаграма и схема.<br />Тумачење резултата је јасно и адекватно, с нагласком на значајне<br />делове који су од посебне важности. Предложено решење зупчастог<br />редуктора за усвојену осну висину је коректно дефинисано и<br />постављено на основу претходно извршених анализа. Начин усвајања<br />зупчастих парова, као и појединих конструкционих решења извршен је<br />на јасно образложен начин. Такође, дат је предлог за увођење зубаца са<br />повећаном теменом висином.</p> / <p>Dat je detaljan pregled sadašnjih koncepcijskih rešenja i načina<br />montaže savremenih univerzalnih zupčastih reduktora.<br />Karakteristike ovih rešenja analizirane su posredstvom jediničnih i<br />kompleksnih pokazatelja kvaliteta. Rezultati te analize prikazani su<br />na sistematičan i jasan način, korišćenjem tabela, dijagrama i shema.<br />Tumačenje rezultata je jasno i adekvatno, s naglaskom na značajne<br />delove koji su od posebne važnosti. Predloženo rešenje zupčastog<br />reduktora za usvojenu osnu visinu je korektno definisano i<br />postavljeno na osnovu prethodno izvršenih analiza. Način usvajanja<br />zupčastih parova, kao i pojedinih konstrukcionih rešenja izvršen je<br />na jasno obrazložen način. Takođe, dat je predlog za uvođenje zubaca sa<br />povećanom temenom visinom.</p> / <p>Detailed overview of current solutions and conceptual mounting ways of<br />modern universal helical gear reducer is presented. The characteristics of<br />these solutions are analyzed by means of the unit and complex quality<br />indicators. The results of this analysis are presented in a systematic and<br />clear way, using tables, charts and diagrams. Interpretation of the results is<br />clear and appropriate, with an emphasis on the important parts of which are<br />of particular importance. The proposed solution of gear reducer for adopted<br />shaft height is correctly defined and set to the previously performed analysis.<br />The way the adoption of gear pairs, as well as some innovative designs are<br />executed on clearly reasoned manner. Also, a proposal for the introduction of<br />high contact ratio is given.</p>

Construction is a very dynamically developing industry that is placing ever greater demands on the properties of used building materials and structures built on them. In this context, there is a long-term trend to use construction materials made from natural quickly renewable raw materials. These tendencies are caused by natural reaction to the overly technological modern society, as well as efforts towards a greener approach in construction. In this sense, the natural materials from renewable sources means technologically processed organic material of plant origin. Dissertation focuses on the research and subsequent development of filling materials for vertical and horizontal structures based on quickly renewable materials. Pivotal quickly renewable raw material used in the production of filling material is technical hemp. Technical hemp is quickly renewable raw material with very good properties very similar to wood. Furthermore, the research focused on secondary raw materials, which partly replace the binder of the filling material. The resulting filling material has good physical-mechanical and thermo-technical characteristics.

Sweden has a goal of becoming carbon neutral by 2045. To reach this goal electrification of different sectors are one of the most important pathways for becoming fossil free. The power grid in Sweden has historically been seen as stable and with unlimited transmission capacity. However, with increasing power demand of electricity in society the transmission capacity is becoming limited. In short term this can delay development of new district and housing projects. In long term capacity deficit could prevent the opportunity of electrification project replacing fossil fuel for the transport and industry sector. This could have a negative impact on both Sweden’s competitiveness and ability to become carbon neutral. As an industry player with the aim of providing leading solutions for sustainable development, AFRY has an interest in finding solutions enabling a transition to a fossil free energy use. With capacity deficits in the power grid becoming a growing problem for metropolitan areas, AFRY has requested tool that can evaluate technical solutions for solving local power deficits. The aim of this thesis is thus to develop an evaluation tool for comparing technical solutions for solving local power deficit. Based on a literature review identifying suitable technologies; reinforcing local power grids, implementing BESS or combined BESS PV systems to a local power grid are the technical solutions chosen for this study. With the compiled technical key characteristics and component costs fort the technologies the tool is developed in Excel. From testing the tool with different cases, combined BESS PV solution is seen to have the lowest investment cost if the local power deficit is low. If the deficit is high, reinforcing the grid with transformer and substation capacity is the solution whit the lowest investment cost. / Sverige har som mål att inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären till 2045. För att uppnå detta mål är elektrifiering av olika sektorer sett som ett av de viktigaste spåren mot en fossilfri framtid. Elnätet i Sverige har historiskt set varit stabilt och med en näst intill obegränsad överföringskapacitet. Men med ett ökande effektbehov av el i samhället börjar den befintliga överföringskapaciteten bli begränsad och i vissa fall otillräcklig. På kort sikt kan detta försena utvecklingen av nya stads- och bostadsprojekt. På lång sikt kan kapacitetsbrist förhindra möjligheten av elektrifieringsprojekt med syfte att ersätta fossila bränslen inom transport- och industrisektorn. Detta kan påverka Sveriges konkurrenskraft och mål att inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser negativt. Som en aktör med målet att tillhandahålla ledande lösningar för en hållbar framtid har AFRY ett intresse av att finna lösningar som möjliggör en omställning till fossilfri energi. Eftersom kapacitetsbrist i elnätet är ett växande problem i och runt storstadsregioner, har AFRY efterfrågat ett verktyg som kan utvärdera tekniska lösningar för att möta lokal effektbrist. Syftet med denna studie är där med att utveckla ett utvärderingsverktyg som jämföra tekniska lösningar för att möta lokal effektbrist. Genom en litteraturstudie har kunskap om olika tekniska lösningar sammanställts och förstärkning av lokala elnät, implementering av BESS eller kombinerade BESS PVsystem till det lokala elnätet inkluderats som lösningar i denna studie. Tillsammans med de tekniska parametrarna och investeringskostnader för teknikerna utvecklas ett analysverktyg i Excel. Från att ha testat olika fall i verktyget kan den kombinerade BESS PV-lösningen ses ha den lägsta investeringskostnaden om effektbristen är låg. Om effektbristen där emot är hög är utbyggnad av transformator och nätstations kapacitet i det lokala elnätet lösningen med lägst investeringskostnad.

Economic characteristics of building in the life cycle of the building work is a very broad topic. Captures economic part and associated technical part idem. Also, the life cycle of building work is very broad, a great many aspects and bearings enters into and influences the work. Excepting costs and prices of acquisition and maintenance of the works is necessary to observe quality of work performing. Both the materials used part and in terms of quality of each facture. This affects the amount of costs that may arise on the part of such unnecessary and degrading work as an entirety. This work attempts to describe all these aspects and influences, classify and appropriately use to monitoring of the works. All findings are tested on the building work - family house. The cornerstone is to find a suitable way of sorting accompanying work throughout its life cycle, allowing us to track costs and prices incurred on it. The conclusion consists answering questions and hypothesis exposed in the work.