<p>For complex technical systems in the electricity and pulp and paper industries, maintenance management addresses how to exploit physical assets in the most profitably way. This is a difficult task that requires taking into consideration parameters of totally different natures – e.g. reliability data, operating costs, condition of technical systems, the environment and rules and regulation.</p><p>An incorrect estimate of a residual lifetime can result in a premature renewal with accompanying high capital costs. If, however, renewal is delayed, a breakdown may occur which can cause major damage to technical equipment and a loss of income due to outages. Because of the complexity of many technical systems, it can be hard to select adequate data to use when making decisions about renewal strategies. To cope with this, one approach is to use less detailed models that are operated by skilled analysts.</p><p>This work demonstrates the advantage of such an approach by proposing two methods applied in a joint methodology that has its origins in RCM. The methodology consists of Dynamic Lifetime Model (DLA) and the Condition Based Index (CBI). The DLA method copes with the financial risk associated with the point in time for when a renewal is carried out and the CBI method uses critical parameters to estimate the condition of a technical system. The two methods together create a quantitative connection between reliability, maintenance and financial risk. A case study based validation of the methodology was carried out at SCA Ortvikens paper mill on a refiner system and Forsmark nuclear power plant. Lessons learned from the case study showed that the methodology could be used to identify which components could cause costly breakdown. By using the methodology a manager gets a decision support tool for estimating short-term and long-term consequences of decisions regarding maintenance management in order to maximize utility of the system concerned</p>

For complex technical systems in the electricity and pulp and paper industries, maintenance management addresses how to exploit physical assets in the most profitably way. This is a difficult task that requires taking into consideration parameters of totally different natures – e.g. reliability data, operating costs, condition of technical systems, the environment and rules and regulation. An incorrect estimate of a residual lifetime can result in a premature renewal with accompanying high capital costs. If, however, renewal is delayed, a breakdown may occur which can cause major damage to technical equipment and a loss of income due to outages. Because of the complexity of many technical systems, it can be hard to select adequate data to use when making decisions about renewal strategies. To cope with this, one approach is to use less detailed models that are operated by skilled analysts. This work demonstrates the advantage of such an approach by proposing two methods applied in a joint methodology that has its origins in RCM. The methodology consists of Dynamic Lifetime Model (DLA) and the Condition Based Index (CBI). The DLA method copes with the financial risk associated with the point in time for when a renewal is carried out and the CBI method uses critical parameters to estimate the condition of a technical system. The two methods together create a quantitative connection between reliability, maintenance and financial risk. A case study based validation of the methodology was carried out at SCA Ortvikens paper mill on a refiner system and Forsmark nuclear power plant. Lessons learned from the case study showed that the methodology could be used to identify which components could cause costly breakdown. By using the methodology a manager gets a decision support tool for estimating short-term and long-term consequences of decisions regarding maintenance management in order to maximize utility of the system concerned / QC 20111216

Syfte:Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Målet är att tydliggöra vad Trafikverket behöver ta hänsyn till vid projektering av en järnvägsanläggning för att kunna uppnå de krav som ställs på järnvägsanläggningen samt öka förutsägbarheten för livscykelkostnaden. Frågeställningar:Hur kan projektering av järnvägsanläggningar förbättras ur ett livscykelperspektiv? Vilka faktorer behöver Trafikverket ta hänsyn till vid projekteringsfasen för att säkerställa tillförlitliga och kostnadseffektiva järnvägsanläggningar? Hur kan en arbetsmetodik formas för att främja en kostnadseffektiv järnvägsanläggning? Metod:Följande studie är baserad på en kvalitativ fallstudie. Metoden är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentationsmetodik för att erhålla empiriska data. Litteraturstudien och det teoretiska ramverket är baserade på expertgranskade tidskrifter, vetenskapliga artiklar och böcker som täcker studieområdena. Slutsats:Studien har visat att projektering av järnvägsanläggningar ur ett livscykelperspektiv kan förbättras genom att ta fram konkreta underlag för att stödja de besluts som ska tas. Beslutsunderlag för järnvägsanläggningen bör baseras på olika analyser för att kunna värdera vilket alternativ som ger den mest kostnadseffektiva anläggningen samtidigt som det återspeglar de efterfrågade målen och kraven. Analyser ska inte enbart baseras på tekniska konstruktion utan även driften samt underhållet behöver beaktas eftersom de har en stor inverkan på utfallet av kapaciteten, prestandan och kostnader över hela anläggningens livscykel. Vidare har studien visat vikten av att ha tillförlitliga system som kan ge information om anläggningen och även all data som krävs för att utföra analyser. / Purpose:The purpose of the study is to investigate which factors affect life-cycle planning of a railway infrastructure. The aim is to clarify what the Swedish Transport Administration needs to take into account when planning a railway infrastructure in the future in order to meet the requirements and increase the predictability of life-cycle costs. Research questions:How can railway infrastructure planning phase be improved based on a life-cycle perspective? What factors do the Swedish Transport Administration need to take into account during the planning phase to ensure reliable and cost-effective railway infrastructure? How can a working methodology be designed to promote a cost-effective railway infrastructure? Method:The following study is based on a qualitative case study. The literature study and the theoretical framework are based on peer-reviewed journals, scientific articles and books that covers the areas of the study. The empirical data collection is based on semi-structured interviews and reports from different administrative authority. Conclusion:This study has shown that planning of railway infrastructure from a life-cycle perspective can be improved by concrete evidence to support the decisions to be taken. The decisions basis for the railway infrastructure should be based on various analysis in order to evaluate the most cost-effective option while reflecting the desired goals and requirements. However, analysis should not only be based on the technical design. It should also consider operation and maintenance, since they have a major impact on the outcome of capacity, performance and cost throughout the life-cycle of railway infrastructure. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated the importance of having reliable systems that can provide information about the railway infrastructure and all data required for carrying out analysis.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Målet är att tydliggöra vad Trafikverket behöver ta hänsyn till vid projektering av en järnvägsanläggning Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projekteringen av järnvägsanläggningar utifrån ett Life Cycle Managementlångsiktigt hållbarhetsperspektiv perspektiv med fokus en centralpunkt inom på Integrated Logistic Support. Med detta avser studien att ge förslag på för atthur organisationen kunnakan uppnå långsiktiga lönsamhetsmål de krav som ställs på järnvägsanläggningen samt öka förutsägbarheten för livscykelkostnaden. Frågeställningar: Hur kan projektering av järnvägsanläggningar förbättras ur ett långsiktigtlivscykel perspektiv? Vilka faktorer behöver Trafikverket ta hänsyn till vid projekteringsfasen för att säkerställa tillförlitliga och kostnadseffektiva järnvägsanläggningar? Hur kan en arbetsmetodik formas för att främja en kostnadseffektiv järnvägsanläggning? Metod: Följande studie är baserad på en kvalitativ fallstudie av Trafikverket. Metoden är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentationsmetodik för att erhålla empiriska data. Litteraturstudien och det teoretiska ramverket är baserade på expertgranskade tidskrifter, vetenskapliga artiklar och böcker som täcker studieområdena. Slutsats: Studien har visat att projektering av järnvägsanläggningar ur ett livscykelperspektiv kan förbättras genom att ta fram konkreta underlag för stödja de besluts som ska tas. Beslutsunderlag för järnvägsanläggningen bör baseras på olika analyser för att kunna värdera vilket alternativ som ger den mest kostnadseffektiva anläggningen samtidigt som det återspeglar de efterfrågade målen och kraven. Analyser ska inte enbart baseras på tekniska konstruktion utan även driften samt underhållet behöver beaktas eftersom de har en stor inverkan på utfallet av kapaciteten, prestandan samt kostnaderna över hela anläggningens livscykel. Vidare har studien visat vikten av att ha tillförlitliga system som kan ge information om anläggningen och även all data som krävs för att utföra analyser. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate which factors affect the longlife cycle-term planning of a railway infrastructure. The aim is to clarify what the Swedish Transport Administration needs to take into account when planning a railway infrastructure in the future in order to meet the requirements and increase the predictability of life cycle costs. Research questions: How can railway infrastructure planning phase be improved based on a life cycle long-term perspective? What factors do the Swedish Transport Administration need to take into account during the planning phase to ensure reliable and cost-effective railway infrastructure? How can a working methodology be designed to promote a cost-effective railway facility? Method: The following study is based on a qualitative case study of Swedish Transport Administration. The literature study and the theoretical framework are based on peer-previewed journals, scientific articles and books that covers the areas of the study. The empirical data collection is based on semi-structured interviews and reports from different administrative authority. Conclusion: This study has shown that planning of railway infrastructure from a life cycle perspective can be improved by concrete evidence to support the decisions to be taken. The decisions basis for the railway infrastructure should be based on various analysis in order to evaluate the most cost-effective option while reflecting the desired goals and requirements. However, analysis should not only be based on the technical design. It should also consider operation and maintenance, since they have a major impact on the outcome of capacity, performance and cost throughout the life cycle of the railway infrastructure. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated the importance of having reliable systems that can provide information about the railway infrastructure and all data required for carrying out analysis.

Recent technologies have changed the way companies acquire and use computing resources. Companies have to adapt their capabilities, which combine business processes, skills, etc., to exploit the opportunities presented by these technologies whilst avoiding adverse effects. The latter part is, however, becoming increasingly difficult due to the uncertain long-term impact recent technologies have. This thesis argues that companies are required to adapt their capabilities in a way that increases the company's resilience so that they are robust yet flexible enough to succeed under uncertain conditions. By focusing on cloud computing as one recent technology, this thesis first identifies the underlying processes of adapting capabilities to cloud computing by investigating how software vendors migrated their products into the cloud. The results allow the definition of viewpoints that influence the adaptation of capabilities to cloud computing. Furthermore, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) is applied to one software vendor after the migration of their product into the cloud. FRAM enables the analysis of ‘performance variabilities' that need to be dampened to increase the resilience of systems. The results show that FRAM appropriately informs steps to increase and measure resilience when migrating products into the cloud. The final part develops cFRAM which extends FRAM through the viewpoints to enable the analysis of capabilities within FRAM. The goal of cFRAM is to enable companies to (1) identify existing capabilities, (2) investigate the impact of cloud computing on them, and (3) inform steps to adapt them to cloud computing whilst dampening performance variabilities. The results of the cFRAM evaluation study are unequivocal and show cFRAM is a novel method that achieves its goal of enabling companies to adapt their capabilities to cloud computing in a way that increases the company's resilience. cFRAM can be easily adapted to other technologies like smartphones by changing the viewpoints.

The UK has committed to deep, long-term reductions in national greenhouse gas emissions as part of a global effort to address climate change. Material efficiency, reducing the material inputs per service output, has long been identified as a globally underexplored mitigation strategy. Previous studies show unrealised technical potential to improve the efficiency of steel use, a large contributor of industry emissions, in the UK. This thesis explores why these opportunities may be unrealised along the steel supply chain.

Across many domains, systems suppliers are challenged by the complexity of their systems and the speed at which their systems must be changed in order to meet the needs of customers or the societies which the systems support. Stakeholder needs are ever more complex: appearing, disappearing, changing and interacting faster than solutions able to address them can be instantiated. Similarly, the systems themselves continually change as a result of both external and internal influences, such as damage, changing environment, upgrades, reconfiguration, replacement, etc. In the event of situations unforeseen at design time, personnel (for example maintainers or operators) close to the point of employment may have to modify systems in response to the evolving situation, and to do this in a timely manner so that the system and/or System-of-Systems (SoS: a set of systems that have to interoperate) can achieve their aims. This research was motivated by the problem of designing-in re-configurability to the constituent systems of a SoS to enable the SoS and its systems to effectively and efficiently counter the effects of unforeseen events that adversely affect fitness-for purpose whilst operational. This research shows that a SoS does not achieve or maintain fitness-for-purpose because it cannot implement the correct, timely and complete transfer of Material, Energy and Information (MEI) between its constituents and with its external environment that is necessary to achieve a desired outcome; i.e. the purpose.

Après une simplification significative des méthodes de débitage durant l'Azilien, rompant progressivement avec les normes magdaléniennes, le retour au cours du Dryas récent à des productions lamino-lamellaires élaborées marque un tournant abrupt dans la tradition lithique. Bien qu'un certain flou pèse sur la chronologie des événements, les recherches menées depuis quelques années autour des industries de la transition Pléistocène-Holocène permettent de bien cerner les transformations survenues dans les modalités et les objectifs des productions lithiques. En revanche, malgré le fait que les interrogations des chercheurs soient largement orientées vers des reconstitutions d'ordre palethnographiques, les finalités fonctionnelles des outils, leur modalité d'emploi et les chaînes opératoires dans lesquelles ils sont impliqués restent des thèmes de recherche très peu abordés. C'est afin de pallier ce manque que nous avons exploré ces questions à travers l'analyse tracéologique des industries lithiques de deux sites du nord-ouest de la France issus d'opérations récentes (Le Buhot à Calleville, Eure ; La Fosse à Villiers-Charlemagne, Mayenne). L'apport de ce travail est appréciable à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles. Sur le temps court, les résultats obtenus révèlent des contrastes saisissants entre les occupations, tant au regard des activités menées par l'intermédiaire des outils que de l'économie des produits des débitages, et enrichissent le modèle de complémentarité des sites déjà proposé. Sur le temps long, le croisement des données fonctionnelles acquises ces trente dernières années entre l'Azilien et le premier Mésolithique et les autres données du registre archéologique permet de discuter des inflexions dans les systèmes techniques et les économies préhistoriques. / After a significant simplification of the flint reduction methods during the Azilian period, which broke gradually with Magdalenian standards, the return to sophisticated laminar productions during younger Dryas marks a strong split in the lithic tradition. Beyond a state of uncertainty towards chronological boundaries, the research which have been conducted for thirty years gives a good understanding about changes in flint production methods and aims. Even though most research focuses on palethnographic reconstitutions, the functional purposes of the flint industry and the chaînes opératoires in which flint tools are implicated remain insufficiently studied. And yet, these questions are of prime importance to meet the expectation of the palethnographic reconstitutions that archaeologists covet. To overcome this deficiency, the functional analysis of two north-western France sites (le Buhot site at Calleville, Eure ; la Fosse site at Villiers-Charlemagne, Mayenne) attributed to the Pleistocene-Holocene transition were undertaken. The contribution of this doctoral research can be appreciated at different spatio-temporal scales. In the short-term, the results raise striking contrasts between sites, as much in regard to the activities performed as to the debitage products economy, and improve the current model of settlement patterns. In the long-term, the interplay of techno-functional results and other archaeological data gives food for thought about changes in the technical systems and prehistoric economies.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4589.pdf: 1150642 bytes, checksum: c00edd0d6e48dbcbcfda48ca995de66d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-23 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Dynamics of S&T development and its application is transforming modern society since the beginning of scientific revolution in the early seventeenth century. Political, economic, environmental and social elements undergo continuous changes through intricate relationship between these two forces, handled as synonymous for progress and evolution, but has placed humanity on alert due to its controversial effects, from the construction and use of chemical and nuclear weapons up to the effects of increased deforestation and environmental pollution. Thus, technoscience, a term used within the STS studies to describe the disfigurement of scientific development, has become a source of hazards and damages to modernity. This research is concerned on understanding the way technoscientific development has occurred and what are its controversial effects produced. Through a sociological and historical interpretation, the work is divided into four parts: the first attempts to evidence how technoscience is formed and what is its relationship with global capital. In the second part, through the theories of sociology of science classic authors , the aim is to understand the internal and epistemological aspects of the technoscientific practice. In the third part it will be analyzed the negative effects and damages that S&T brought to the present. In a last part, through the STS approach and Social Technology concepts, it will be presented some reflections about the possibility and need for a socio-technical adequacy. / A dinâmica do desenvolvimento e da aplicação da C&T vem transformando a sociedade moderna desde o início da revolução científica do século XVII. Fatores políticos, econômicos, ambientais e sociais sofrem mudanças contínuas através da intrincada relação entre essas duas forças, tratadas como sinônimos de progresso e evolução, mas que tem colocado a humanidade em estado de alerta por conta dos seus efeitos controversos, que vão desde a construção e utilização de armas químicas e atômicas até os efeitos do crescente desmatamento e poluição ambiental. Dessa maneira, a tecnociência, termo utilizado dentro dos ECTS (Estudos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade) para caracterizar as desconfigurações do desenvolvimento científico, tornou-se uma fonte de riscos e prejuízos para a modernidade. O presente pesquisa se ocupa em compreender como ocorreu o desenvolvimento tecnocientífico e quais os efeitos controversos gerados por ele. Através de uma leitura histórico/sociológica, o trabalho divide-se em quatro partes: num primeiro momento busca-se evidenciar como a tecnociência se constituiu e qual sua relação com o capital global. Na segunda parte, através das teorias de autores clássicos da sociologia da ciência, procura-se compreender os aspectos internos e epistemológicos da prática tecnocientífica. Na terceira parte serão analisados os efeitos negativos e prejuízos que a C&T trouxeram à contemporaneidade. Num último momento, através do enfoque do campo CTS e dos conceitos da Tecnologia Social, serão apresentadas algumas reflexões sobre a possibilidade e necessidade de uma adequação sócio-técnica.

Sammanfattning Datum: 2018-05-31 Nivå: Examensarbete i Industriell ekonomi, 30 ECTS Institution: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, EST, Mälardalens Högskola Författare: Elias Kirilmaz &amp; Jennifer Quach Titel: Projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv: En fallstudie om hur infrastrukturförvaltare kan förbättra projektering av stora tekniska system med fokus på livscykelperspektivet Nyckelord: Project, Life Cycle Cost, Railway, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Integrated logistic support, ILS, Asset Management, Long-termLarge technical systems, LTS Handledare: Pär Blomkvist &amp; Christian Johansson Norbäck Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projektering av en järnvägsanläggning ur ett livscykelperspektiv. Målet är att tydliggöra vad Trafikverket behöver ta hänsyn till vid projektering av en järnvägsanläggning Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar projekteringen av järnvägsanläggningar utifrån ett Life Cycle Managementlångsiktigt hållbarhetsperspektiv perspektiv med fokus en centralpunkt inom på Integrated Logistic Support. Med detta avser studien att ge förslag på för atthur organisationen kunnakan uppnå långsiktiga lönsamhetsmål de krav som ställs på järnvägsanläggningen samt öka förutsägbarheten för livscykelkostnaden. Frågeställningar: Hur kan projektering av järnvägsanläggningar förbättras ur ett långsiktigtlivscykel perspektiv? Vilka faktorer behöver Trafikverket ta hänsyn till vid projekteringsfasen för att säkerställa tillförlitliga och kostnadseffektiva järnvägsanläggningar? Hur kan en arbetsmetodik formas för att främja en kostnadseffektiv järnvägsanläggning? Metod: Följande studie är baserad på en kvalitativ fallstudie av Trafikverket. Metoden är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer och dokumentationsmetodik för att erhålla empiriska data. Litteraturstudien och det teoretiska ramverket är baserade på expertgranskade tidskrifter, vetenskapliga artiklar och böcker som täcker studieområdena. Slutsats: Studien har visat att projektering av järnvägsanläggningar ur ett livscykelperspektiv kan förbättras genom att ta fram konkreta underlag för stödja de besluts som ska tas. Beslutsunderlag för järnvägsanläggningen bör baseras på olika analyser för att kunna värdera vilket alternativ som ger den mest kostnadseffektiva anläggningen samtidigt som det återspeglar de efterfrågade målen och kraven. Analyser ska inte enbart baseras på tekniska konstruktion utan även driften samt underhållet behöver beaktas eftersom de har en stor inverkan på utfallet av kapaciteten, prestandan samt kostnaderna över hela anläggningens livscykel. Vidare har studien visat vikten av att ha tillförlitliga system som kan ge information om anläggningen och även all data som krävs för att utföra analyser. / ABSTRACT Date: 2018-05-31 Level: Degree Project in Industrial Engineering and Management, 30 ECTS Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Elias Kirilmaz &amp; Jennifer Quach Title: Design a railway infrastructure from a lifecycle perspective: A case study on how infrastructure administrator can improve large technical systems by focusing on life cycle perspective during the planning phase. Keywords: Project, Life Cycle Cost, Railway, Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Integrated logistic support, ILS, Asset Management, Long-termLarge technical systems, LTS Tutor: Pär Blomkvist &amp; Christian Johansson Norbäck Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate which factors affect the longlife cycle-term planning of a railway infrastructure. The aim is to clarify what the Swedish Transport Administration needs to take into account when planning a railway infrastructure in the future in order to meet the requirements and increase the predictability of life cycle costs. Research questions: How can railway infrastructure planning phase be improved based on a life cycle long-term perspective? What factors do the Swedish Transport Administration need to take into account during the planning phase to ensure reliable and cost-effective railway infrastructure? How can a working methodology be designed to promote a cost-effective railway facility? Method: The following study is based on a qualitative case study of Swedish Transport Administration. The literature study and the theoretical framework are based on peer-previewed journals, scientific articles and books that covers the areas of the study. The empirical data collection is based on semi-structured interviews and reports from different administrative authority. Conclusion: This study has shown that planning of railway infrastructure from a life cycle perspective can be improved by concrete evidence to support the decisions to be taken. The decisions basis for the railway infrastructure should be based on various analysis in order to evaluate the most cost-effective option while reflecting the desired goals and requirements. However, analysis should not only be based on the technical design. It should also consider operation and maintenance, since they have a major impact on the outcome of capacity, performance and cost throughout the life cycle of the railway infrastructure. Furthermore, the study has demonstrated the importance of having reliable systems that can provide information about the railway infrastructure and all data required for carrying out analysis.