The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to test the existing theory which explains inflation as a result of its self-generating nature; (2) to investigate the contribution of foreign trade upon inflation; and (3) to test the casual relationship between the rate of inflation and the deficit. A system of four equations has been used to explain the relationship between the price level and the monetary expansion, between the rate of growth of the monetary base and the rate of the monetary expansion, the deficit and the monetary base, and, finally, between the deficit and the price level. As the existing model was exposed to open economy assumptions by introducing foreign reserves as another source of variation of monetary base, the explanatory power of the model increased. That is, as the results suggest, explaining the inflation/deficit chain in the context of a closed economy assumption leaves much of the process unexplained. Even though part of the increase in the monetary base is caused by foreign trade, a major portion of the expansion in monetary base is caused by the deficit. That is, a government's expenditure exceeds its revenue in any given year, which results in financing that deficit through borrowing from the central bank--that is, monetizing the deficit. This study suggests that no generality can be made regarding the source of inflation in Latin America. In some countries, the source of inflation is only the deficit, while in others it is only foreign reserves and deficit contribute to the rate of inflation simultaneously, the effect of foreign reserves is less expansionary. This can be seen from the magnitude of the respective parameter estimates. In the last part of the study, the Granger test of causality has been used to test the causal relationship between the price level and the deficit. Again, countries exhibit heterogeneous results. In some, inflation apparently causes the deficit, while in others, the deficit is the cause of inflation. In several countries, strong feedback exists between these two variables. As a result, it can be concluded that the extent and sources of inflation for countries under study are different. In conclusion, a few policies are suggested which could be used to bring both deficits and inflation at least to some acceptable level.

Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-08-09T14:55:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_PAULA_CRISTINA_VISONA_COMPLETO.pdf: 16296138 bytes, checksum: 9e7d14a3df6448979a0bd7903506b8f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T14:55:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_PAULA_CRISTINA_VISONA_COMPLETO.pdf: 16296138 bytes, checksum: 9e7d14a3df6448979a0bd7903506b8f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-04 / This work offers a perspective on the identification of sociocultural trends. We align the emergence of these trends to the constituent factors of the social imaginary, building on Maffesoli's work regarding the relationship between the imaginary and everyday experiences. We articulate this perspective with other contributions, particularly regarding methodology, built by combining aspects of comprehensive sociology, interpretive anthropology, and dialogism. By means of this methodology we seek to identify the consequences of a specific socio-cultural trend called being-together-with, so as to reveal a number of its associated emerging elements, in order to employ scenario building. Such methodological perspectives posit an approach to being-together-with which allows for the understanding of its respective resultant social forms qua social trend: Creative Collectives. Therefore, we identify some of these social forms in the city of Porto Alegre qith an understanding that, as the first stage of the manifestation of a sociocultural tendency, they stimulate other manifestations aimed at the emergence of new trends, particularly those related to the emergence of the creative economy. / Neste trabalho apresentamos uma perspectiva de identifica??o de tend?ncias socioculturais. Alinhamos a emerg?ncia dessas tend?ncias a fatores constituintes do imagin?rio social, apoiando-nos amplamente na perspectiva apresentada por Maffesoli no que tange ? rela??o entre o imagin?rio e as viv?ncias cotidianas. Articulamos esta perspectiva a outros aportes, principalmente no que se refere ? metodologia, constru?da pelo cruzamento entre aspectos da sociologia compreensiva, da antropologia interpretativa, e do dialogismo. Por meio desta metodologia, buscamos identificar desdobramentos de uma tend?ncia sociocultural espec?fica - denominada estar-junto-com - visando relevar alguns elementos emergentes, a fim de colocar em pr?tica a tarefa de constru??o de cen?rios de futuro. Tais perspectivas metodol?gicas postulam uma abordagem de aproxima??o com o que reconhecemos como formas sociais decorrentes do estar-junto-com enquanto tend?ncia sociocultural: os Coletivos Criativos. Para tanto, identificamos algumas destas formas sociais na cidade de Porto Alegre, compreendendo que, como primeiro est?gio de manifesta??o de uma tend?ncia sociocultural, acabam por estimular outras manifesta??es, objetivando o surgimento de novas tend?ncias, especialmente aquelas relacionadas ? emerg?ncia da economia criativa.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438171.pdf: 6920524 bytes, checksum: f5e5c6d7e177dfd60f3b3303552cc797 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-28 / OBJECTIVE : To evaluate and compare the effect of using Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) in the repair of the Achilles tendon (TA) of rats. MATERIAL and METHODS : Forty-eight adult male rats randomized into three experimental groups: PRP, PRF and Control (saline 0.9%). A 3 cm longitudinal incision was made in the right leg of each rat in order to expose the TA. Later, it was a break in the same horizontal, and the repair performed with suture Kessler-type, when the sequence was applied 50 &#956;L of the treatment in question. After 14 and 28 days postoperatively, the targeted part of the TA was removed, thus initializing the histological processing (Hematoxylin/Eosin; Sirius Red) to obtain results. The data obtained were expressed at 5% significance level (p <0.05) with mean ? SE. RESULTS : When comparing the three groups together, as to time and area of collagen type I and III, only statistical difference between the control group (16.22%) and the PRP group (37.16%) at 14 days after the treatment, no statistically significant difference was observed in the other groups. In the same way, when compared within groups of 14 and 28 days, the PRF group showed a significant difference for collagen I (27.76% and 47.74%) and III (66.94% and 46%) respectively. Control group showed significant difference in collagen type I (14.20% and 40.90%), not observed any significant difference in the PRP group. When evaluated on Hematoxylin/Eosin staining, PRP and control were similar in the times studied, differing only in the presence of hemorrhage, that was more expressed in the PRP group. Already the group PRF has shown to be more organized, especially in time of 28 days compared to the other two treatments. CONCLUSION : The data from this study suggest that the Platelet-Rich Fibrin tends to promote the accelerated regeneration of the Achilles tendon of rats, bringing promising prospects for future use in the clinic. / OBJETIVO : Avaliar e comparar o efeito do uso de plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF) no reparo do tend?o de Aquiles (TA) de ratos. MATERIAL e M?TODOS : Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos adultos distribu?dos randomicamente em tr?s grupos experimentais: PRP, PRF e Controle (solu??o salina 0,9%). Uma incis?o longitudinal de 3 cm foi realizada na perna direita de cada rato, a fim de expor o TA. Posteriormente, fez-se uma ruptura horizontal no mesmo, sendo a repara??o realizada com sutura do tipo Kessler, onde na seq??ncia foi aplicado 50 &#956;L do tratamento em quest?o. Passados 14 e 28 dias p?s- operat?rio, a parte segmentada do TA foi removida, inicializando assim o processo histol?gico (Hematoxilina/Eosina; Picros?rius Red) para obten??o de resultados. Os dados obtidos foram expressos ao n?vel de 5% de signific?ncia (p < 0.05) com m?dia ? EP. RESULTADOS : Ao comparar os tr?s grupos entre si, quanto ao tempo e ?rea de col?geno tipo I e III, houve diferen?a estat?stica somente entre o grupo Controle (16.22%) e o grupo PRP (37.16%) aos 14 dias ap?s o tratamento, n?o sendo observada diferen?a estatisticamente significativa nos outros grupos. Da mesma forma, quando comparados intra-grupos em 14 e 28 dias, o grupo PRF apresentou diferen?a significativa para col?geno I (27.76% e 47.74%) e III (66.94% e 46%) respectivamente. Grupo Controle demonstrou diferen?a significativa para col?geno tipo I (14.20% e 40.90%), n?o sendo observada qualquer diferen?a significativa no grupo PRP. Quando avaliados na colora??o Hematoxilina e Eosina, PRP e Controle apresentaram-se semelhantes nos tempos avaliados, diferindo apenas quanto a presen?a de hemorragia, que foi mais expressa no grupo PRP. J? o grupo PRF demonstrou-se mais organizado, principalmente no tempo de 28 dias quando comparado aos outros dois tratamentos. CONCLUS?O : Os dados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem que a Fibrina Rica em Plaquetas tem tend?ncia a promover a regenera??o acelerada do tend?o de Aquiles de ratos, trazendo perspectivas promissoras para futuras utiliza??es na cl?nica.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T11:29:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 valdecy_aparecida_rocha_cruz.pdf: 267581 bytes, checksum: 1e59b25dbde1c757d85d3e2e0af0d778 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-12-22T12:50:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 valdecy_aparecida_rocha_cruz.pdf: 267581 bytes, checksum: 1e59b25dbde1c757d85d3e2e0af0d778 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-22T12:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 valdecy_aparecida_rocha_cruz.pdf: 267581 bytes, checksum: 1e59b25dbde1c757d85d3e2e0af0d778 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Estimativas precisas e acuradas de par?metros gen?ticos e fenot?picos s?o de grande import?ncia para se alcan?ar progresso gen?tico em uma popula??o e se selecionar, de forma mais eficiente, os indiv?duos das linhagens espec?ficas nos programas de melhoramento gen?tico. Com isso, objetivou-se com este trabalho estimar os par?metros da curva de postura, utilizando os modelos de polin?mios segmentados e Wood (1967); e estimar par?metros gen?ticos e fenot?picos dos par?metros do modelo de polin?mios segmentados, assim como a tend?ncia gen?tica dos mesmos. Foram utilizados dados da produ??o de ovo semanal das 25 at? 64 semanas de idade provenientes de 2.398 aves de uma linha f?mea de frangos de corte. As curvas de postura foram ajustadas utilizando os modelos de polin?mios segmentados e Wood (1967). O modelo de polin?mios segmentados ? constitu?do pelos par?metros ?xp?- idade das aves ao pico de postura, ?P?- n?vel de produ??o no pico, ?s? - taxa de decr?scimo semanal na produ??o de ovos ap?s o pico, e ?t? - tempo entre o in?cio e o pico de postura. O modelo de Wood ? constitu?do pelos par?metros ?a? - taxa de produ??o inicial, ?b? taxa de acr?scimo at? o pico de produ??o, e ?c? taxa de decr?scimo ap?s o pico de produ??o. As estimativas das m?dias dos par?metros das curvas foram realizadas utilizando o PROC MEANS do SAS. A estima??o dos componentes de covari?ncias, herdabilidades, correla??es e os valores gen?ticos para os par?metros da curva de postura de polin?mios segmentados foram obtidas utilizando o ?software? MTDFREML e as tend?ncias gen?ticas por meio do PROC REG do SAS. A linhagem avaliada apresentou um pico de postura ?s 30,43 semanas de idade, sendo o n?vel de postura de 0,746 ovo/aves/dia, com uma m?dia de 3,08 semanas do in?cio da postura at? o pico de postura e a taxa de persist?ncia foi de 0,014 ovo/ave/semana. As m?dias estimadas para os par?metros do modelo de Wood (1967) foram de 0,0003 para taxa de produ??o inicial 2,9398 para taxa de acr?scimo de produ??o at? o pico e de 0,0767 para taxa de decr?scimo de produ??o ap?s o pico postura. As curvas ajustadas para os modelos de polin?mios segmentados e Wood (1967) permitiram evidenciar um baixo n?vel de produ??o no pico de postura. O modelo de polin?mios segmentados superestimou a persist?ncia ap?s o pico de postura e o modelo de Wood (1967) subestimou o final da produ??o. As m?dias das herdabilidades foram de baixa a m?dia magnitudes, 0,25 (xp), 0,18 (P), 0,17 (s) e 0,10 (t). Estes resultados indicam que a sele??o para o par?metro ?xp? teria uma melhor resposta que para os demais par?metros. As correla??es entre o par?metro ?t? e os demais par?metros da curva foram positivas variando de 0,21 at? 1,00. Essas correla??es indicam que os animais com um maior tempo entre in?cio e pico de postura tendem a apresentar uma maior idade ao pico de postura, maior n?vel de produ??o e maior queda de produ??o p?s-pico. As correla??es foram negativas entre os par?metros ?s? e ?xp? e ?s? e ?P? apresentando-se menor entre ?s? e ?xp? (-0,17) e maior entre ?s? e ?P? (-0,91), indicando que um aumento no n?vel de produ??o e idade ao pico de produ??o acarretaria uma menor queda de produ??o de ovos p?s-pico. Podemos constatar que pode ser promovido ganho gen?tico para os par?metros da curva de produ??o de ovos, por?m a sele??o para um aumento do n?vel de produ??o poder? levar a um aumento na idade ao pico de postura. Assim como, aves mais precoces ao pico poder?o apresentar menor persist?ncia. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2010. / ABSTRACT Precise and accurate estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters are of great importance to achieve genetic progress in a population and select more efficiently individuals of specific lines in breeding programs. Thus, the aim with this study was to estimate the parameters of the curve approach, using models of segmented polynomials and Wood (1967) and to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of the model parameters of segmented polynomials, as well as the genetic tendency of them. It had been used data from the weekly egg production from 2,398 birds in a line of female broilers, aging from 25 to 64 weeks. The curves of posture were adjusted using the models of segmented polynomials and Wood (1967). The segmented polynomial model consists of parameters "xp" - the peak age of the birds in attitude, "P" - at peak production level, "s"- a weekly rate of decrease in egg production after peak, and ?t? - time between onset and peak position. The parameters of the Wood model consist of "a"- rate initial production," b "rate of increase until the production peak, and "c" rate of decline after peak production. Estimates of means of parameters were performed using SAS PROC MEANS. Estimation of covariance components, heritability?s, correlations and breeding values for the parameters of the curve posture segmented polynomial were obtained using the software MTDFREML and genetic trends by PROC REG of SAS. The strain studied showed a peak position at 30.43 weeks of age, the level of posture of 0.746 egg / poultry / day, with an average of 3.08 weeks of posture to the peak position and the rate of persistence was 0.014 eggs / bird / week. The estimated averages for the parameters of the model of Wood (1967) was 0.0003 for rate initial production rate of 2.9398 for increased production to peak and 0.0767 for rate of decline of production after the peak position . The fitted curves for the models of segmented polynomials and Wood (1967) have highlighted a low level of production at peak production. The segmented polynomial model overestimated the persistence after the peak position and the model of Wood (1967) underestimated the final production. The heritability?s means were low to medium magnitude, 0.25 (xp), 0.18 (P), 0.17 (s) and 0.10 (t). These results indicate that selection for the parameter "xp" would have a better response than for the other parameters. The correlations between the parameter "t" and the other parameters of the curve were positive ranging from 0.21 to 1.00. These correlations indicate that animals with a longer time between onset and peak position tend to have a higher age at peak position, the highest level of production and greater decrease in post-peak production. Were negative correlations between the parameters "s" and "xp" and "s" and "P" presenting lower between "s" and "xp" (-0.17) and higher in "s" and "P" (-0.91), indicating that an increase in production level and age at peak production would result in a smaller drop in egg production after peak. It has been noted that genetic gains can be obtained for the curve parameters for egg production, but a selection focused on an increased level of production could lead to an increase in age at peak production. Just as birds that present earlier peak may have lower persistence.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T23:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JorioBezerraCabralJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2822841 bytes, checksum: 258c40424306d974d2b680d86d3c7e34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-18T21:55:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JorioBezerraCabralJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2822841 bytes, checksum: 258c40424306d974d2b680d86d3c7e34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-18T21:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorioBezerraCabralJunior_DISSERT.pdf: 2822841 bytes, checksum: 258c40424306d974d2b680d86d3c7e34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-29 / A variabilidade/mudan?a clim?tica tem gerado grandes preocupa??es em n?vel mundial, sendo uma das grandes quest?es o aquecimento global, que pode est? afetando a disponibilidade dos recursos h?dricos em per?metros irrigados. No semi?rido do Nordeste brasileiro sabe-se que h? predomin?ncia de d?ficit h?drico, por?m pouco se conhece sobre tend?ncias em s?ries climatol?gicas da perda conjunta de ?gua por evapora??o e transpira??o (evapotranspira??o). Por isso, neste trabalho procurou-se analisar se h? ind?cios de aumento e/ou diminui??o no regime da evapotranspira??o de refer?ncia (ETo), nas escalas mensal, anual e interdecadal no polo irrigado das localidades de Juazeiro, BA (9?24?S; 40?26?W e 375,5m) e Petrolina, PE (09?09?S, 40?22?W e 376m), sendo essa an?lise o objetivo principal. De posse dos dados meteorol?gicos di?rios, disponibilizados pela EMBRAPA Semi?rido, no per?odo de 01.01.1976 a 31.12.2014, estimou-se a ETo di?ria utilizando-se o m?todo padr?o de Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parametrizado por Smith (1991). Outros m?todos de estimativas mais simplificados foram calculados e comparados ? EToPM, sendo: Radia??o Solar (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves e Samani (EToHS) e o m?todo do Tanque Classe A (EToTCA). As principais an?lises estat?sticas foram os testes n?o param?tricos de homogeneidade (Run), de tend?ncia (Mann-kendall), magnitude da tend?ncia (Sen) e detec??o de in?cio da tend?ncia (Mann-Whitney), a signific?ncia estat?stica adotada foi de 5 e/ou 1%. A t?cnica de An?lise de Vari?ncia - ANOVA foi aplicada para averiguar se h? diferen?a significativa nas m?dias interdecadais. Para efeitos comparativos entre os m?todos de ETo, foram utilizados a correla??o (r), o teste t-student e Tukey aos n?veis de 5% de signific?ncia. E por fim, as estat?sticas de Willmott et al. (1985) foi utilizada para avaliar o ?ndice de concord?ncia e de desempenho dos m?todos simplificados comparados ao m?todo padr?o. Obteve-se como principais resultados que houve diminui??o na s?rie temporal da EToPM nos per?metros irrigados de Juazeiro, BA e Petrolina, PE, significativos respectivamente a 1 e 5%, com uma magnitude anual de -14,5 mm (Juazeiro) e -7,7 mm (Petrolina) e in?cio da tend?ncia em 1996. Os m?todos de melhor concord?ncia com a EToPM foi a EToRS com desempenho muito bom, nas duas localidades, seguido pelo m?todo da EToL com desempenho bom (Juazeiro) e mediano (Petrolina). A EToHS obteve o pior desempenho (p?ssimo), para as duas localidades. ? sugerido neste que a diminui??o da EToPM pode est? associado ao aumento das ?reas agr?colas irrigadas e da constru??o do lago de Sobradinho ? montante dos per?metros. / The variability / climate change has generated great concern worldwide, is one of the major issues as global warming, which can is affecting the availability of water resources in irrigated perimeters. In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil it is known that there is a predominance of drought, but it is not enough known about trends in climate series of joint water loss by evaporation and transpiration (evapotranspiration). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze whether there is increase and / or decrease evidence in the regime of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), for the monthly, annual and interdecadal scales in irrigated polo towns of Juazeiro, BA (9 ? 24'S, 40 ? 26'W and 375,5m) and Petrolina, PE (09 ? 09'S, 40 ? 22'W and 376m), which is the main analysis objective. The daily meteorological data were provided by EMBRAPA Semi?rido for the period from 01.01.1976 to 31.12.2014, estimated the daily ETo using the standard method of Penman-Monteith (EToPM) parameterized by Smith (1991). Other methods of more simplified estimatives were calculated and compared to EToPM, as the ones following: Solar Radiation (EToRS), Linacre (EToL), Hargreaves and Samani (EToHS) and the method of Class A pan (EToTCA). The main statistical analysis were non-parametric tests of homogeneity (Run), trend (Mann-kendall), magnitude of the trend (Sen) and early trend detection (Mann-Whitney). The statistical significance adopted was 5 and / or 1%. The Analysis of Variance - ANOVA was used to detect if there is a significant difference in mean interdecadal mean. For comparison between the methods of ETo, it were used the correlation test (r), the Student t test and Tukey levels of 5% significance. Finally, statistics Willmott et al. (1985) statistics was used to evaluate the concordance index and performance of simplified methods compared to the standard method. It obtained as main results that there was a decrease in the time series of EToPM in irrigated areas of Juazeiro, BA and Petrolina, PE, significant respectively at 1 and 5%, with an annual magnitude of -14.5 mm (Juazeiro) and -7.7 mm (Petrolina) and early trend in 1996. The methods which had better for better agreement with EToPM were EToRS with very good performance, in both locations, followed by the method of EToL with good performance (Juazeiro) and median (Petrolina). EToHS had the worst performance (bad) for both locations. It is suggested that this decrease of EToPM can be associated with the increase in irrigated agricultural areas and the construction of Sobradinho lake upstream of the perimeters.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-25T23:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonRodriguesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2673961 bytes, checksum: 94e48d2aac9ebb6eb6d30bb575363364 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-04T22:39:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonRodriguesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2673961 bytes, checksum: 94e48d2aac9ebb6eb6d30bb575363364 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T22:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonRodriguesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 2673961 bytes, checksum: 94e48d2aac9ebb6eb6d30bb575363364 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18 / Diabetes Mellitus (DM) ? um grupo de doen?as caracterizada por anormalidades metab?licas e complica??es cr?nicas. A hiperglicemia caracter?stica dessa doen?a produz glicosila??o de prote?nas e consequente ac?mulo de produtos finais da glicosila??o em v?rios tecidos humanos, entre eles, o tend?o. O exerc?cio aer?bio (EA) e a terapia laser de baixa intensidade (TLBI) t?m sido utilizados no manejo de tendinopatias em indiv?duos com ou sem DM. Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo ? observar o efeito da TLBI e o EA, associados, no processo de reparo tecidual do tend?o de Aquiles (TA) de ratos diab?ticos. M?todos: Foram utilizados 91 animais divididos nos seguintes grupos: grupo controle (GC), grupo controle lesionado (GCL), grupo diab?tico (GD), grupo diab?tido laser (GDL), grupo diab?tico treinado (GDT) e grupo diab?tico treinado laser (GDTL). De acordo com o grupo, os ratos foram submetidos interven??o do EA, TLBI ou associa??o dos dois recursos. Foram analisadas as caracter?sticas morfol?gicas, biomec?nicas e moleculares. Resultados: O peso final dos animais diab?ticos foi estatisticamente menor quando comparado com os animiais controles (p <0,01). A glicemia dos animais diab?ticos foi estatisticamente maior quando comparado aos grupos controles (p<0,01). Os testes biomec?nicos indicaram melhoras significativas nos animais dos grupos GC e GDTL quando comparados aos grupos diab?ticos nas vari?veis de carga m?xima, distens?o, energia absorvida, stress, ?rea de sec??o transversa, m?dulo el?stico e densidade de energia (p<0,05). A an?lise por meio de biologia molecular indicou que a associa??o do exerc?cio aer?bio e Laser promoveu aumento da express?o g?nica de col?geno I e modulou a express?o das MMP2 e MMP9. N?o foi observada melhora significativa nas vari?veis morfol?gicas estudadas. Conclus?o: a TLBI associada ao exerc?cio aer?bio promove melhora nas propriedades mec?nicas e no controle da express?o g?nica do col?geno I e da MMP2 e MMP9 de ratos diab?ticos. Palavras-chave Diabetes Mellitus. Fototerapia. Exerc?cio. Tend?o de Aquiles. Cicatriza??o / Diabetes Mellitus (DM ) is a complex disease that requires continuous medical care for the reduction of risk factors in addition to glycemic control. The typical hyperglycemia of this disease produces glycosylation of proteins and so the consequence is the accumulation of glycosylation final products in various human tissues, among them, the tendon. The aerobic exercise (AE) and the low level laser therapy (LLLT) have been used to treat tendinopathies in individuals with or without DM. Objective: The aim of this study was to watch the effect of the LLLT and the AE, in association, in partial tenotomy of the tissue repair of the Achilles tendon (AT) of diabetic rats. Methods: 91 animals were utilized and divided in to the following groups: control group (GC), injured control group (GCL), diabetic group (GD), diabetic group LLLT (GD ? TLBI), diabetic group trained (GD - EX) and diabetic group trained laser (GD-EX+TLBI). The animals were submitted to intervention with AE, using a protocol with a progressive increase of time (12 to 60 min) and speed of (4 to 9 m/min), and the LLLT (660 nm laser, 10mW, 4 J/cm?, single point for 16 seconds, three times for week). It was analyzed morphological, biomechanical and molecular characteristics. For data showing normal distribution was used one-way ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey and data without normal distribution was used Mann Whitney test and post hoc Dunn's. It was accepted p <0.05 for statistical significance Results: The biomechanical tests indicated major improvement in the GC and GD-EX+TLBI groups when compared with the diabetic groups in the following variables: maximum load, strain, absorbed energy, stress, cross section area, elastic modulus and energy density (p<0.05). The analysis through molecular biology indicated that the association of aerobic exercise and LLLT generated an increase of the collagen I gene expression and modulated the expression of the MMP2 and MMP9 (p<0.05). No observed any major improvement in the morphological variable studied. Conclusion: the LLLT associated with aerobic exercise promotes and increase of the mechanical properties, in the control of collagen I gene expression and of the MMP2 and MMP9 of the diabetic rats.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-10-27T00:21:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaAlvesDosSantosSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1495444 bytes, checksum: f91210bc45fac9bd21a5dcd79f503b4c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-27T18:03:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaAlvesDosSantosSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1495444 bytes, checksum: f91210bc45fac9bd21a5dcd79f503b4c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-27T18:03:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaAlvesDosSantosSiqueira_DISSERT.pdf: 1495444 bytes, checksum: f91210bc45fac9bd21a5dcd79f503b4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / INTRODU??O: O melanoma maligno de pele ? um dos principais tipos de c?ncer de pele, com baixa incid?ncia, contudo, alta letalidade. OBJETIVO: Realizar proje??es e analisar as tend?ncias de mortalidade por melanoma, no per?odo de 1998 a 2032, no Brasil e em suas regi?es. METODOLOGIA: Estudo ecol?gico, com dados de mortalidade por melanoma maligno de pele, obtidos no Sistema de Informa??o sobre Mortalidade (SIM), e dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE). A an?lise dos ?bitos compreendeu o per?odo de 1998 a 2012. Para proje??o dos dados, foi usado o software Nordpred, que consta no programa R, considerando-se o modelo idade-per?odo-coorte. Foram calculadas se as modifica??es ocorridas com o tempo resultam de mudan?as populacionais ou no risco de ?bito pela doen?a. Como m?todo de an?lise de tend?ncias, utilizou-se a Regress?o loglineal (Joinpoint regression), com taxas padronizadas pela popula??o mundial, para estimar a porcentagem anual de mudan?a, com o intervalo de confian?a de 95%. RESULTADOS: No per?odo de 1998 a 2012, estima-se que houve 21.706 mortes por melanoma (12.436 homens e 9.270 mulheres), cujas proje??es para per?odos futuros revelou, entre 2013 e 2032, um aumento para 46.245 mortes (27.112 homens e 19.133 mulheres), com taxas padronizadas pela popula??o mundial de 1,03 mortes/100.000 habitantes para homens e de 0,62 mortes/100.000 habitantes para mulheres no ?ltimo per?odo observado, ao passo que o ?ltimo per?odo projetado revelou taxas padronizadas de 0,92 mortes/100.000 habitantes para homens e de 0,51 mortes/100.000 habitantes para mulheres. A an?lise das tend?ncias de mortalidade resultou, no Brasil, em redu??o para homens (APC = -0,4; IC95%= -0,6; -0,1; p<0,01) e mulheres (APC = -0,8; IC95%= -0,9; -0,7; p<0,01). A regi?o Centro-oeste teve aumento para os dois sexos, em oposi??o ao Sudeste, com redu??o em ambos. O Norte apresentou estabilidade para homens e aumento para mulheres, enquanto o Sul teve redu??o em homens e estabilidade em mulheres; e, por fim, o Nordeste revelou um joinpoint para cada sexo. Nos homens, com o primeiro per?odo de aumento e outro de estabilidade; e, nas mulheres, com estabilidade seguida de redu??o. DISCUSS?O: A avalia??o das tend?ncias de mortalidade por melanoma permitiu identificar semelhan?as e diferen?as regionais quanto aos padr?es encontrados. Em todas as regi?es, houve maior quantitativo de morte em homens, fato justificado por comportamentos de maior exposi??o aos riscos, bem como ao diagn?stico mais tardio, o que eleva o risco de morte. A modifica??o no n?mero de mortes ao longo do tempo no pa?s decorreu, essencialmente, da mudan?a na estrutura e tamanho populacional, exceto em rela??o ? regi?o nordeste em homens e centro-oeste em homens e mulheres, cujo aumento est? tamb?m relacionado ao aumento no risco de morrer por melanoma. Taxas mais altas de mortalidade foram registradas em locais nos quais h? maior percentual de brancos, e naqueles em que h? melhores indicadores sociodemogr?ficos. O fato possivelmente est? associado a melhor qualidade no registro das informa??es, bem como a melhores condi??es diagn?sticas. Ressalta-se, tamb?m, a necessidade de uma aten??o para os trabalhadores expostos ao risco de c?ncer de pele, o que refor?a a necessidade de uma vigil?ncia em sa?de bem realizada e centrada na integralidade da aten??o. CONCLUS?ES: Os resultados encontrados revelaram a exist?ncia de regi?es de maiores taxas de mortalidade, o que pode estar associado a determinantes individuais, tais como o fen?tipo e o comportamento, bem como ao ambiente, no que tange ? exposi??o aos fatores de risco. Os achados foram condizentes com a literatura, que evidenciou maiores taxas em locais de maior poder aquisitivo, neste caso, Sul e Sudeste, acompanhadas de tend?ncias a redu??o ao longo do tempo. Ademais, a maior mortalidade em homens, merece aten??o de pol?ticas, visto que, normalmente o diagn?stico ocorre em fases mais avan?adas da doen?a para este grupo de pessoas. Para tanto, s?o essenciais a??es de promo??o da sa?de e aten??o para cria??o de pol?ticas preventivas no combate da doen?a, principalmente relacionadas ? educa??o em sa?de, voltada para a preven??o por meio da diminui??o da exposi??o a fatores de risco, al?m de h?bitos de vida saud?veis. / INTRODUCTION: Malignant skin melanoma is one of the main types of skin cancer, with low incidence but high lethality. OBJECTIVE: Carry out projections and analyze mortality trends for melanoma, in the period 1998-2032, in Brazil and its geographic regions. METHODOLOGY: An ecological study is presented herein, with mortality data for malignant skin melanoma obtained from the Mortality Information System (MIS) and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (BIGS). Death analysis comprehended the period 1998-2012. For data projection, the Nordpred software was utilized, within the R program, considering the model age-period-cohort. It was verified whether the modifications throughout time were a result of population changes or of death risk for the disease. Joinpoint regression and standardized rates based on the world population were utilized to estimate the annual percentage change, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Evaluation of mortality trends for melanoma enabled the identification of regional similarities and differences regarding the patterns encountered. In all regions, there was a higher number of deaths in men. In the period 1998-2012, there were 21,705 deaths by melanoma (12,436 men and 9270 women). The projections for future periods have revealed, between 2013 and 2032, an increase to 46,245 deaths (27,112 men and 19,133 women), with standardized rates of 1.03 deaths/100,000 inhabitants for men and 0.62 deaths/100,000 inhabitants for women in the last observed period. For the last projected period, the standardized rates were 0.92 deaths/100,000 inhabitants for men and 0.51 deaths/100,000 inhabitants for women. Mortality trend analysis resulted, in Brazil, in reductions for men (APC = -0.4; CI95%= -0.6; -0.1; p<0.01) and women (APC = -0.8; CI95%= -0.9; -0.7; p<0.01). The Midwest region presented increases for both sexes, in opposition to the Southeast, which presented reductions for both sexes. The North region presented stability for men and increases for women, while the South region presented reductions for men and stability for women. Finally, the Northeast region revealed one joinpoint for each sex: in men, there was initially an increasing period followed by stable rates, and in women, the initial stability period was followed by decreasing rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained revealed the existence of regions with higher mortality rates, which could be associated with individual determinants, such as phenotype and behavior, as well as with the environment, regarding the exposure to risk factors. The findings were in line with scientific literature, which evidenced higher rates in locations with higher purchasing power, in this case, the South and Southeast regions, accompanied by reducing trends throughout time. Also, higher mortality rates in men deserve better attention of health policies, as normally the diagnosis occurs in more advances stages of the disease for this sex. For such, actions to promote health are essential. Also, special attention should be given to the creation of preventive policies to fight the disease, mainly related to health education, directed to prevention through the reduction of the exposure to risk factors, besides the adoption of healthy life habits.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-02T22:45:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaKatiuscaDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2290535 bytes, checksum: 4ca060fc7a0794e735ed5ffd3011ac56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-09T19:32:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaKatiuscaDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2290535 bytes, checksum: 4ca060fc7a0794e735ed5ffd3011ac56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T19:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandaKatiuscaDosSantos_DISSERT.pdf: 2290535 bytes, checksum: 4ca060fc7a0794e735ed5ffd3011ac56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Nos ?ltimos anos o setor Industrial da Cer?mica Vermelha desenvolveu-se representativamente com a implanta??o de micro e pequenas empresas de Cer?mica por todo Brasil. N?o houve, no entanto, precau??es quanto ao uso dos recursos naturais utilizados como fonte de mat?ria prima para a Ind?stria. Desta maneira investigou-se a respeito de ind?cios de altera??es micrometeorol?gicas associadas ? Ind?stria de Cer?mica Estrutural nos elementos meteorol?gicos em algumas ?reas do Nordeste do Brasil. Para verificar se as vari?veis micrometeorol?gicas: precipita??o, evapotranspira??o, radia??o, velocidade do vento, umidade, e temperatura m?xima e m?nima, referentes ao per?odo de 1980 a 2013, apresentavam tend?ncias, utilizou-se o Teste de Mann Kendall; e para calcular os ?ndices de extremos clim?ticos utilizou-se o conjunto de dados para ?ndices de Extremos Clim?ticos - RClimDex. Foram identificados cinco polos, nos quais verificouse haver tend?ncias negativas para precipita??o, temperatura m?nima, umidade relativa e vento. E tend?ncias positivas para as vari?veis temperatura m?xima, evapotranspira??o e radia??o solar. Detectou-se tend?ncia em todos os polos, com exce??o da temperatura m?nima para o polo P2 (que apresenta maior n?mero de cer?micas). Identificou-se, ainda, tend?ncia para os ?ndices de extremos clim?ticos de Rx1day, R99p, Txn, Tnx, Tn10p, Tx10p, Txx e Tnn. Com tend?ncias positivas de extremos de temperatura para os polos estudados, com exce??o do polo P1 que obteve tend?ncia decrescente, indicando diminui??o dos valores m?ximos da m?nima; e do polo P2 que n?o apresentou tend?ncia para a temperatura m?nima e para os ?ndices de Tnn e Tnx e RX5day. Comportamentos adversos podem estar associados a a??es antr?picas da regi?o, especificamente ? intensa atividade ceramista. Por?m, n?o se pode afirmar categoricamente, que esse comportamento est? associado somente as a??es antr?picas, visto que pode estar sob influ?ncia de diversos agentes do clima. / In recent years the Industrial sector of red ceramic has developed representatively with the implantation of micro and small Ceramics companies throughout Brazil. There were, however, no precautions regarding the use of the natural resources used as raw material source for the Industry. In this way, we investigated the indications of micrometeorological alterations associated with the Structural Ceramics Industry in the meteorological elements in some areas of the Northeast of Brazil. In order to verify if the micrometeorological variables: precipitation, evapotranspiration, radiation, wind speed, humidity, and maximum and minimum temperature, referring to the period from 1980 to 2013, presented tendencies, the Mann Kendall test was used; And to calculate the indexes of climatic extremes the Data Set for Indexes of Climatic Extremes - RClimDex was used. Five poles were identified, in which there were negative trends for precipitation, minimum temperature, relative humidity and wind. And positive trends for the variables maximum temperature, evapotranspiration and solar radiation. A tendency was detected at all poles, with the exception of the minimum temperature for the P2 pole (which has the highest number of ceramics). A trend was also identified for the indexes of climatic extremes of Rx1day, R99p, Txn, Tnx, Tn10p, Tx10p, Txx and Tnn. With positive trends of temperature extremes for the studied poles, with the exception of the pole P1 that obtained a decreasing tendency, indicating decrease of the maximum values of the minimum; And the P2 pole which showed no tendency towards the minimum temperature and for the Tnn and Tnx and RX5day indices. Adverse behaviors may be associated with anthropogenic actions in the region, specifically intense ceramist activity. However, it can not be said categorically that this behavior is associated only with anthropic actions, since it may be under the influence of several agents of the climate.

No description available.

Submitted by PPG Medicina e Ci?ncias da Sa?de (medicina-pg@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-23T10:48:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-12-01T11:50:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-01T11:54:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FRANCIELE_DIETRICH_TES.pdf: 3499792 bytes, checksum: c6cf1d1c8ad84ed3af5c5b4a075c3eb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The increasing incidence of tendon injuries is a constant challenge in orthopaedic medicine. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a strategy widely explored in the clinic because it is believed to accelerate the tendon repair process. However, the PRP clinical efficacy is uncertain, and more studies that aim to a better understanding of this treatment are needed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the PRP effect on the Achilles tendon (AT) repair of rats. A total of 242 rats were used, where 181 animals were randomly distributed in 6 different experiments. The remaining animals were used as blood donors (n=49) and for flow cytometry (n=12). The lesion was performed by transection of the right AT. The repair evaluation occurred after 11 and 14 postoperative days, with a mechanical testing machine. Peak force was considered the primary variable. Variations in the PRP production protocols, leukocyte concentration and physical activity of the rats were tested. ELISA test was performed to quantify platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AB) present in PRP. Pathogenfree animals and animals contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were used. Standard PRP platelet concentration was at least 5 times higher than that of the peripheral blood, and it was possible to have either a high or a low leukocyte concentration in the preparation. PDGF-AB levels in inactivated PRP were 7.3 ?g/mL (SD 6.0; n=4) and in plasma were below the detection levels (0.03 ng/mL). In the experiments performed with pathogen-free rats, no significant effect of PRP could be observed on tendon repair. In the same way, no significant difference could be found in the rats treated with PRP with higher or lower leukocyte concentration. In contrast, rats contaminated with S. aureus showed increased tendon force after PRP treatment. Significant interaction between bacteriological status and PRP treatment was verified (p=0.003). It was further observed that healthy rats had higher levels of cytotoxic T cells in their spleens. The difference in response to treatment in contaminated rats suggests that the PRP effect is dependent on the immune status of the animals. This is the first study that suggests the possibility of interaction between microbiota and tendon repair. Extrapolation of this treatment to the clinic remains dubious. / A crescente incid?ncia de les?es tend?neas constituem um desafio constante na medicina ortop?dica. A utiliza??o do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) ? uma estrat?gia amplamente explorada na cl?nica por creditar-se que acelera o processo de reparo tend?neo. Contudo, a efic?cia cl?nica do PRP ? question?vel, e mais estudos que visem uma melhor compreens?o deste tratamento s?o necess?rios. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito do PRP no reparo do tend?o de Aquiles (TA) de ratos. Um total de 242 ratos foram utilizados, sendo 181 animais randomicamente distribu?dos em 6 diferentes experimentos. Os animais restantes foram utilizados como doadores sangu?neos (n= 49) e para realiza??o de citometria de fluxo (n=12). A les?o foi executada atrav?s de transec??o do TA direito. A avalia??o do reparo foi feita 11 e 14 dias p?s-cir?rgico, atrav?s de m?quina de teste mec?nico. O pico de for?a foi considerado a vari?vel principal. Varia??es no protocolo de produ??o de PRP, concentra??o de leuc?citos e atividade f?sica dos ratos foram testados. O teste de ELISA foi realizado a fim de quantificar o fator de crescimento derivado das plaquetas (PDGF-AB) presente no PRP. Foram utilizados animais livres de pat?genos e animais contaminados com Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A concentra??o plaquet?ria do PRP padr?o foi pelo menos 5 vezes maior que a do sangue perif?rico, e foi poss?vel obtermos tanto uma alta ou baixa concentra??o de leuc?citos no preparado. Os n?veis de PDGF-AB no PRP inativado foram de 7.3 ?g/mL (DP 6.0; n=4) e no plasma sangu?neo foram abaixo dos n?veis de detec??o (0.03 ng/mL). Nos experimentos realizados com ratos livres de pat?genos, nenhum efeito significativo do PRP p?de ser observado no reparo tend?neo. Da mesma forma, nenhuma diferen?a significativa p?de ser encontrada nos ratos tratados com PRP com alta ou baixa concentra??o de leuc?citos. Em contraste, os ratos contaminados com S. aureus demonstraram aumento da for?a tend?nea ap?s o tratamento com PRP. Significante intera??o entre estado bacteriol?gico e tratamento PRP foi verificada (p=0.003). Observou-se ainda, que ratos saud?veis possu?am maiores n?veis de c?lulas T citot?xicas em seus ba?os. A diferen?a na resposta ao tratamento em ratos contaminados sugere que o efeito do PRP ? dependente do estado imune dos animais. Esse ? o primeiro estudo que sugere a possibilidade de intera??o entre microbiota e reparo tend?neo. A extrapola??o deste tratamento para a cl?nica permanece d?bia.