Before signing a contract, it is important to read and understand the terms in order to know what is being agreed to. However, it has been shown that this is not done to the same extent online. Even though users accept the terms of use for online services, the terms are rarely read, meaning that the user has no idea of what is agreed to. When it comes to social media sites, these have some sort of service for distribution of content, such as photographs. As these are considered creative works, they are most certainly protected by copyright. This means that copyright protection comes in question. As services are accessible from different nations, these need to comply with different kinds of legislation regulating the protection of copyright. The purpose of this study is to investigate the terms of use for specific online services available on the Internet for distribution of digital content and analyse the legal conditions in order to establish congruence with European and US copyright law. The sites legally gain rights to the content that is uploaded by the users. However, there seems to be some unclarity regarding the terms that potentially results in use of the sites that is not accepted. Further, there seem to be possible problems in protecting the moral rights of the authors due to the extent of the licences that is granted to some of the sites.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Brazil is one of the largest consumer of pesticides in the world, and to make these products reach the desired biological target are used different types of machines. In grain crops, the usual is the agricultural sprayers. Actually, there are different models of hydraulic sprayers, and maintenance of the machines inside the boundaries of acceptable quality is essential to ensure efficient spraying. The technical inspection sprayer is a way to monitor and assist the producers to keep these machines with acceptable error levels. Reinspections techniques were performed on machines that had participated in a diagnosis in 2008 and the results were contrasted with the aim of analyzing the possible evolution. Alongside this were audited in each property participating in order to verify compliance with regulatory norm 31 of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Among the differences noted, there is an increase in the number of tractors under five years of use, which rose from 12.9% to 32.8%, a result of the supply of credit provided by public policies, such as the Program More Food which facilitated the acquisition of new machines. This development contributes directly to increased safety and comfort to the operator during the spraying process. The tractors that do not present any non-compliance increased from 13.04% in 2008 to 39.13% in 2011. Meanwhile, the 69 sprayers inspected in 2008, only 4.34% reached all requirements to be able to use this diagnosis. In 2011, sprays were 13.04% who met the requirements and were able to work without requiring any changes. That is, an improvement of three times the number of machines that were all evaluated items within the standards established by the project. Therefore, there was a great evolution in machines used for spraying. In relation to the care of rural properties for NR-31, none of them had full compliance with all regulatory requirements. / O Brasil é um dos maiores consumidores de agrotóxicos do mundo e, para fazer com que esses produtos atinjam o alvo biológico desejável, são utilizados diferentes tipos de máquinas. Em culturas de grãos, o mais usual é o pulverizador agrícola de barras. Atualmente, existem diferentes modelos de pulverizadores hidráulicos, e a manutenção dessas máquinas dentro de limites de qualidade aceitáveis é fundamental para assegurar pulverizações eficientes. A inspeção técnica de pulverizadores é uma forma de monitorar e auxiliar os produtores a manter essas máquinas com níveis de erro aceitáveis. Foram realizadas reinspeções técnicas em máquinas que haviam participado de um diagnóstico em 2008 e os resultados foram contrastados com o objetivo de analisar a possível evolução. Paralelamente a isto foram realizadas auditorias em cada propriedade participante no sentido de verificar o atendimento à norma regulamentadora 31 do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego. Entre as diferenças constatadas, destaca-se o aumento do número de tratores com menos de cinco anos de uso, que passaram de 12,9% para 32,8%, resultado da oferta de crédito proporcionada por políticas públicas, como o Programa Mais Alimentos, que facilitaram a aquisição de máquinas novas. Essa evolução contribui diretamente para o aumento da segurança e do conforto ao operador, durante o processo de pulverização. Os tratores que não apresentaram nenhum tipo de não conformidade passaram de 13,04%, em 2008, para 39,13%, em 2011. Enquanto isso, dos 69 pulverizadores inspecionados no ano de 2008, apenas 4,34% atenderam a todas as exigências para serem aptos ao uso, neste diagnóstico. Já em 2011, foram 13,04% os pulverizadores que atenderam às exigências e que estavam aptos a trabalhar sem necessitar de nenhuma alteração. Ou seja, houve uma melhora de três vezes no número de máquinas que tiveram todos os itens avaliados dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pelo projeto. Portanto, foi observada uma grande evolução nas máquinas utilizadas para pulverização. Em relação ao atendimento das propriedades rurais à NR-31, nenhuma delas teve cumprimento pleno de todas as exigências da normativa.

When joining a new service, in order to access its features, users are often required to accept the terms of service and privacy policy. However, the readership of these documents is mostly non-existent, leaving an information asymmetry, the imbalance of knowledge between two parties. Due to this, users are sacrificing their online data privacy without being aware of the consequences. The purpose of this work is to investigate the readership of terms of service and privacy policies among users of social media services. We implemented a prototype called ‘ShareIt’, which resembles a photo-sharing platform to gain insight about readership, behavior and effectiveness of our adjusted presentations of terms of service and privacy policies in regard to readership and comprehension. We conducted a survey experiment using the prototype with 31 participants and concluded, that 80,6% of our participants did not spend more than ten seconds in our terms of serviceand privacy policy. The observed behavior suggests, that social media users are used to sharing information on the internet which in addition to their trust towards online services leads to the aforementioned low readership. We presented adjustments to the presentation of terms of service and privacy policies which showed a slight tendency of higher engagement in comparison to the current way of accessing these documents. This result however, due to the lack of readership examined for our participants, has to remain debatable and needs further investigation.

I den aktuella avhandlingen kommer Alphabet Inc och Facebook Inc som är två av de fem stora techbolagen som ingår i det digitala ekosystemet att analyseras. Alphabet Inc och Facebook Inc har valts ut på grund av deras affärsmodell bygger på att använda privatdata som handelsvara. Dessa företag kommer att analyseras utifrån den privacy paradox som uppstår när användare har kännedom kring deras privata integritet samtidigt som de godkänner användarvillkoren utan att läsa dessa som motstrider deras integritet. Denna studie har använt en enkätundersökning som underlag för att stödja litteratur och författarnas hypotes för att kunna svara på den givna forskningsfrågan. Resultatet visar att dessa företag använder sig av svårförståeliga, långa och komplicerade användarvillkor vilket resulterar till att användaren inte läser igenom dem. Samtidigt finns det en medvetenhet kring den privata integriteten vilket skapar en paradox då användaren ej läser avtalen. De slutsatser som kommer med arbetet är faktorerna som leder till privacy paradoxen samt dess effekter. Samtidigt som implikationer gällande konsekvenser på samhället. / In the current thesis, Alphabet Inc and Facebook Inc, which are two of the five major tech companies included in the digital ecosystem, will be analyzed. Alphabet Inc and Facebook Inc have been selected because their business model is based on using private data as a commodity. These companies will be analyzed based on the privacy paradox that arises when users have knowledge of their privacy while still agreeing to the terms of service without reading those that conflict with their privacy.  This study has used a survey as a basis to support literature and the authors hypothesis to be able to answer the given research question. The results show that these companies use language that is difficult to understand, long and complicated terms of service, which results in the user not reading through them. At the same time, there is an awareness of the privacy paradox, which creates a paradox when the user does not read the user agreements. The conclusions that come with the work are the factors that lead to the privacy paradox and its effects. At the same time as implications regarding consequences on society.

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