This thesis studies a DC motor for a racing hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) prototype.The development of optimization-based energy management strategies (EMS) necessitates an accurate quasi-static model of the driving motor, which includes a 2D efficiency map with the torque outputand rotating speed as the inputs. However, a DC motor's efficiency varies a lot at differentoperating points and the efficiency map from the technical manual does not match the various applications in reality.In view of this, this thesis investigates a field testing based quasi-static modeling method to construct the DC motor efficiency map with only portable and brief testing resources. Firstly, a testbench is designed, manufactured, integrated, and configured with necessary accessories. The testbench consists of the motor under test, a braking motor to provide load torque, a servo-amplifier for torque control and sensing, a host computer for data acquisition, and power supplies. Then, a self-contained testing plan is designed by which as many as possible different testing points can be covered based on the braking motor's power limit. After that, the experiments are successively performed on the test bench, and the input electric power along with the output mechanical power at steady state are recorded. Multiple data process methods are explored to analyze the collected testing data. Root mean square (RMS) is used to reduce the measuring variance. Invalid outliers are identified and filtered out based on the residuals. The qualified samples are employed to build up the 2D efficiency map by fourth-degree polynomial regression. Then, three methods, linear, quadratic, and cubic fittings are attempted separately to estimate the relationships between the input power and output torque at different speeds. The results show that the quadratic model is the best option which results in smaller root mean square error (RMSE) and fair computation complexity. To conclude, the quasi-static dynamic model of a DC motor, which includes a 2D efficiency map and the speed-based polynomial expression of input power, can be properly established by a new method relying on less and simpler devices in contrast to those traditional methods. This method bypasses a bulk of tedious modulations on precise motor speed control which is heavily dependent on a high-precision sensor. The formulated 2D efficiency map will effectively support the future development of model-based EMS. The polynomial expression provides a more efficient approach to estimate instantaneous energy efficiency for an embedded system application. / Denna avhandling studerar en likströmsmotor för en prototyp av ett elektriskt hybridfordon (HEV) för racing. Utvecklingen av optimeringsbaserade energihanteringsstrategier (EMS) kräver en precis kvasistatisk dynamisk modell av den drivande motorn, som inkluderar en en 2D-karta (effektivetetskarta) som beskriver hur verkningsgraden beror på moment och rotationshastighet. Verkningsgraden hos likströmsmotorn varierar dock mycket beroende på arbetspunkt och verkningsgradskartan från databladen stämmer inte alltid med de olika applikationerna i verkligheten. Givet detta undersöker denna avhandling en fältprovsbaserad kvasistatisk modelleringsmetod för att uppskatta likströmsmotorns effektivitetskarta med endast flyttbara och begränsade testresurser. Till att börja med är en testbänk designad, tillverkad, integrerad och konfigurerad med alla nödvändiga komponenter. Testbänken består av den motor som testas, en bromsmotor för att ge belastningsmoment, en servoförstärkare för vridmomentstyrning och mätning, samt en dator för datainsamling och strömförsörjning. Sedan utformas en fristående testplan som gör att så många olika testpunkter som möjligt kan täckas, baserat på bromsmotorn effektgräns. Därefter utförs experimenten successivt på testbänken där ingående elektrisk effekt och utgående mekanisk effekt mäts i jämviktsläget. Flera olika metoder undersöks för att analysera den insamlade testdatan. Kvadratiskt medelvärde används för att minska variansen i testdatan. Ogiltiga outliers identifieras och filtreras ut baserat på hur mycket de avviker från medelvärdet. De godkända testpunkterna används för att bygga upp 2D-effektivitetskartan genom en fjärde gradens polynom regression. Därefter används tre olika metoder, linjära, kvadratiska och kubiska för att skapa kurvanpassningar genom polynomregression för att beskriva sambandet mellan ingångseffekt och utgångseffekt vid olika hastigheter. Resultaten visar att den kvadratiska metoden är det bästa alternativet eftersom det ger en mindre medelkvadratavvikelse och en hanterbar beräkningskomplexitet. Avslutningsvis kan den kvasistatiska dynamiska modellen för en likströmsmotor, som inkluderar en 2D-effektivitetskarta med det hastighetsbaserade polynomuttrycket för ingångseffekt, skapas av en ny metod som förliter sig på mindre och enklare materiel än traditionella metoder. Denna metod kringår en stor del av den omständiga modulering som precis varvtalsstyrning kräver vilken även är väldigt beroende på högprecisionssensorer. Den formulerade 2D-effektivitetskartan kommer ge betydande stöd till framtida utveckling av modelbaserade energihanteringsstrategier 2 (EMS). Polynomuttrycket ger ett mer effektivt tillvägagångssätt för att uppskatta omedelbar energieffektivitet för en inbäddad systemapplikation.

La fabrication de cellules de piles à combustible IT-SOFC de large dimension par un nouveau procédé simple et peu coûteux est présentée dans ce manuscrit. L’optimisation de ce nouveau procédé en regard de l’utilisation d’agents de porosité, d’épaisseur de couches et de température de frittage a été réalisée. Les résultats des tests électrochimiques sur des cellules de surface active 10 cm2 réalisés dans le dispositif Fiaxell semi-ouvert ont été détaillés pour différentes cellules. Des tests de performance de longue durée ont également été menés sur le dispositif Fiaxell, présentés et discutés. La préparation et la réalisation d’un nouveau banc de test de stack a également été mené et présenté dans ces travaux. / The fabrications of large area IT-SOFC planar cell by new simple and cost effective process were explained. The optimization of the new process with respect to pore formers, thickness of layers, sintering temperature were performed. The electrochemical results of 10cm2 performed in Fiaxell open flange set up were detailed with respect to different configuration. Long term ageing performance tests of single cells were conducted in Fiaxell device and results are discussed. Preparation of new test bench and stacking process performed till now were briefed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CLAUREM PAULUS CEOLIN MARQUES.pdf: 2422547 bytes, checksum: 2d773d7c7ef4720e6c9be1460abdf5e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / This paper presents an analysis of the behavior of wireless networks on the presence of offenders devices that cause the phenomenon known as the MAC-Anomaly in IEEE 802.11 networks. This analysis allows a better understanding of network behavior and it is necessary to observe patterns that characterize the cause the anomaly; making possible the identification of the offender from the network so that you can go to the next step which is to mitigate the problem. Through an arrangement of hardware and software components, specify a test bench that allows for the collection of the necessary information from the access point, such as, the received power and the effective throughput of the stations connected to the wireless network. Using a synthesis of this information collected, in the presence of offenders, could observe patterns in the behavior of the network that made clear a difference in sensitivity of the offending station in relation to the total flow of the network characterized as offending. / Este trabalho apresenta uma an?lise do comportamento das redes sem fio diante da presen?a de ofensores dispositivos causadores do fen?meno conhecido como Anomalia da MAC em redes IEEE 802.11. Essa an?lise permite um melhor entendimento do comportamento da rede e isso ? necess?rio para que se possa observar padr?es que caracterize o causador da anomalia, tornando poss?vel a identifica??o do ofensor da rede para que se possa partir para a pr?xima etapa que ? a de mitigar o problema. Por meio de um arranjo de componentes de hardware e software, especificou-se uma bancada de testes que permite a coleta das informa??es necess?rias a partir do ponto de acesso, tais como, a pot?ncia recebida e a taxa de transfer?ncia efetiva das esta??es conectadas ? rede sem fio. Utilizando uma s?ntese dessas informa??es coletadas, na presen?a de ofensores, p?de-se observar padr?es no comportamento da rede que deixaram evidente uma diferen?a na sensibilidade da esta??o ofensora em rela??o ? vaz?o total da rede, o que a caracteriza como ofensora.

[pt] Com o aumento das restrições às emissões veiculares e uma busca contínua pela melhora no desempenho dos motores a combustão interna, a necessidade de realizar testes em bancos de prova de motor se torna cada vez maior. Porém, devido ao alto investimento inicial e custo de manutenção desses sistemas, a execução de ensaios confiáveis torna-se restrita a determinadas empresas e instituições acadêmicas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho visa projetar, construir e integrar equipamentos e instrumentos, em sua grande maioria nacionais, através do desenvolvimento de um sistema de controle que seja capaz de operar o conjunto desenvolvido. O projeto pretende contribuir com a redução de custos dos bancos de prova e, ao mesmo tempo, possibilitar a realização de testes confiáveis. Serão descritas as etapas do projeto e construção de uma bancada para ensaios de motores de até 175 cv, 587 Nm e 4.620 rpm. Testes foram conduzidos a fim de verificar o comportamento do banco de provas em diferentes situações de operação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o sistema é capaz de realizar os mais diversos ensaios que um banco de provas está sujeito com precisão e robustez. / [en] With increasing restriction on emission and a continuous search for improvement and development of new engines, a need for internal combustion engines test bed is becoming greater. However due to high initial investments and maintenance costs of these systems, the execution of reliable tests becomes restricted to certain companies and academic institutions. In this scenario, this present work aims at the integration of equipment and instruments, mostly national, by the development of a control system. This project aims to contribute with test benches cost reduction and at the same time, allow for reliable testing. Will be described the project steps of a test bench for engines up to 175 hp, 587 Nm and 4.620 rpm and will be shown the results obtained.

L'objectif de cette dissertation est de développer une approche originale de validation de circuits digitaux complexes décrits dans le langage VHDL. Nous proposons de générer automatiquement, à partir d'une description VHDL comportemental au niveau algorithmique, les vecteurs de test à appliquer sur une description de niveau RTL. Nous présentons d'abord la validation de descriptions VHDL au niveau algorithmique dans le contexte général du processus de conception de circuits complexes. Ce type de description étant similaire à un programme, nous explorons les techniques utilisées dans le domaine du test de logiciels, notamment celles basées sur un critère de couverture. Nous présentons le critère du test structuré, qui est fondé sur l'utilisation du graphe de flot de contrôle du programme sous test, et de la complexité cyclomatique de McCabe comme index du nombre de chemins à tester. Nous présentons également l'algorithme de Poole qui permet de générer cet ensemble de chemins. Cependant, le langage VHDL possède des caractéristiques que l'on ne retrouve pas dans les langages de programmation traditionnels (notion de temps, interconnexion de « process » s'exécutant en parallèle, mécanisme de « retard delta »). Nous proposons donc une modélisation adéquate sous forme de graphes, permettant d'appliquer les techniques précédentes à des descriptions VHDL restreintes à un sous-ensemble prenant en compte un style de description algorithmique : un graphe de flot de contrôle, un graphe de modélisation de « process », un graphe de dépendance. Nous exposons ensuite une méthodologie pour la génération de vecteurs de test à partir des chemins générés depuis ces graphes : application de l'algorithme de Poole sur la base de la complexité cyclomatique, analyse et modification éventuelle des chemins, génération et résolution des contraintes, extraction des vecteurs de test. L'approche est finalement illustrée par la réalisation du prototype logiciel GENESI qui nous a permis d'obtenir des résultats sur les « benchmarks ITC'99 ».

ST Aerospace located at Arlanda airport maintain and repair aircraft components. The maintenance activities that the workshop conducts require testing of the component’s function. For a long time the repair shop has experienced problems with the efficiency in this hydraulic testing. The efficiency problems are partially derived by the fact that the manufacturer’s component maintenance manuals (CMM) are not adapted to the specific test equipment that the shop uses. A lack of suitable training material also causes problems for new operators. The purpose of this thesis work was therefore to streamline this part of ST Aerospace’s operation, first by rewriting the test section of the manuals but also to produce a basic description of the test bench that is used in the testing activities. By studying the operator’s work with component testing a fundamental understanding of the test bench was obtained along with the specific knowledge that was required in order to rewrite the manuals to a version that ST can use with their specific test equipment. Along with the training material a total of four rewritten component manuals were produced on ST’s behalf. Since the purpose of this work was to streamline the company’s entire testing business, there are post-doubts about whether the correct way to address the issue was chosen. As the work continued it became increasingly more obvious that a more appropriate way of handling the efficiency problems should have been to fully focus on the training material for the test bench. By performing the work this way around the future rewriting of the hundreds of component manuals can be drastically simplified and more efficient, therefore the time required for rewriting can be drastically reduced. / ST Aerospace på Arlanda underhåller och reparerar flygplanskomponenter. I de underhållsåtgärder som verkstaden bedriver krävs testning av komponenternas funktion. Under en lång tid har verkstaden upplevt problem med effektiviteten i denna hydrauliska provning. Problemen med effektiviteten härstammar till viss del av att komponenttillverkarens testningsmanualer inte är anpassade till den specifika testutrustning som verkstaden använder sig av. Problemen härstammar också till viss del av att verkstaden haft problem med att utbilda nya operatörer av testutrustningen då lättförståeligt utbildningsmaterial till den avancerade utrustningen saknats. Syftet med detta examensarbete var därför att effektivisera denna del av ST Aerospace:s verksamhet genom att dels skriva om manualers testavsnitt men även att tillverka en lättförståelig beskrivning av verkstadens testutrustning i utbildningssyfte. Genom att följa operatörerna i deras arbete med av företaget utvalda komponenttester kunde en grundläggande förståelse både för testbänken men även för de utvalda testerna erhållas. Erfarenheten från testningen användes till att producera en lättförståelig beskrivning av provbänken samt till omskrivning av de utvalda komponentmanualerna. Utöver utbildningsmaterialet producerades totalt fyra omskrivna komponentmanualer för ST:s räkning. Då syftet med arbetet var att effektivisera hela ST:s provningsverksamhet är det i efterhand tveksamt till om angripningssättet av effektiviseringsproblemen varit rätt. Alltefter arbetets gång insågs i ökande grad att ett mer lämpligt angripningssätt hade varit att lägga all arbetstid på utbildningsmaterialet till provbänken för att på så sätt förenkla de framtida omskrivningarna av komponentmanualer. Ett mer utförligt utbildningsmaterial till testutrustningen kan effektivisera produceringen av omskrivna komponentmanualer betydligt då företaget i dagsläget testar hundratals komponenter.

Le travail de cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du développement de la méthodologie CRONE (Commande Robuste d'Ordre Non Entier) multivariable. Il porte plus précisément sur la simplification de sa mise en oeuvre pour la synthèse de régulateurs multivariables robustes, avec une application au contrôle de bancs d'essais moteur haute dynamique, notamment ceux développés par l'entreprise D2T. Le premier chapitre présente les différents types de bancs d'essais, leur fonctionnement et leur problématique. Le deuxième chapitre présente tout d'abord une modélisation physique simple des bancs d'essais qui en permet ensuite leur simulation, puis est dédié à leur identification fréquentielle avec une application à un banc d'essais équipé d'un moteur Diesel. Le troisième chapitre présente la méthodologie CRONE multivariable et différents développements permettant d'en simplifier la mise en oeuvre notamment grâce à l'optimisation d'un nouveau paramètre. Illustrant ces développements, la boite à outils CRONE multivariable qui a été développée est alors utilisée pour la synthèse de la loi de commande d'une maquette de banc d'essais constituée de deux moteurs asynchrones. Finalement, le quatrième chapitre est dédié à la validation des développements présentés par leur application à un banc d'essais haute dynamique équipé d'un moteur Essence. Ce chapitre présente également les différents outils logiciel développés pour faciliter l'intégration de la méthodologie CRONE full MIMO aux produits D2T. / The work presented in this Thesis is part of the CRONE (robust control with fractional integration order) multivariable methodology development. It deals with the simplification of the robust multivariable control system implementation with application to the control of high dynamic engine test-benches, including those developed by the D2T company. The first chapter introduces different kind of test-benches and gives a general idea about how those systems work while explaining their problems. While the first part of chapter II presents a simple method for test-benches modeling which then allows their simulation, the second part is dedicated to their frequency-domain system identification. The defined identification procedure is applied to a test-bench equipped with a Diesel engine. The third chapter presents the CRONE multivariable methodology and different developments to simplify its use. Reflecting these developments, the developed CRONE multivariable toolbox is used to design a control system for a test-bench consists of two asynchronous motors. The fourth chapter is dedicated to validate the presented work by applying these developments to a high dynamic test-bench with a spark ignition engine. This chapter presents the various software tools developed to simplify the implementation to D2T products of the CRONE full MIMO methodology.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / This work presents the development of a learning platform for testing the three-phase induction motors. The project is the implementation and automation of a mechanical bench for testing in electrical machines with power less than 5HP. The developed bench allows user interaction, gradual and assisted in all stages, ie, from the design of the electric machine to the experimental verification of the dynamic behavior of the tested machine. Teaching resources from educational are illustrated by the results obtained with the control of a dc machine operating as a generator driven by three-phase induction motor. With this stand it is possible to perform significant tests to determine the performance of electric motors, such as measuring voltages and stator currents, speed, torque and power on to the motor shaft, beyond the graphics of torque and current versus speed , power and efficiency versus applied load factor. To drive and processing of information obtained (measures), uses a data acquisition system controlled by an application developed specifically for this work in graphical programming using the \"LabVIEW \" software. The study was conducted in steps like the following description: literature review study of NBR 5383-1(2002) (Brazilian rules of electrical machines), study and simulation of induction motors, physical design of the bench, specification of sensors and equipment, assembly and implementation of the testing manager application. / Neste trabalho apresenta-se o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma didática para ensaios de motores de indução trifásico. O projeto consiste na implementação e automação de uma bancada mecânica para ensaios de motores elétricos com potência de até 5CV. A plataforma desenvolvida permite uma interação do usuário, gradual e assistida, em todos os estágios dos ensaios, ou seja, desde a escolha do tipo da máquina elétrica até a verificação experimental do comportamento dinâmico da máquina ensaiada. Os recursos didáticos da ferramenta educacional são ilustrados com resultados obtidos com o controle de uma máquina de corrente contínua, operando como gerador acionada por um motor de indução trifásico. Com esta bancada é possível a realização de testes relevantes para determinação de desempenho dos motores elétricos, como a medição de tensões e correntes de estator, velocidade, conjugado e potência no eixo da máquina ensaiada, além da obtenção das curvas de conjugado e corrente versus velocidade, fator de potência e rendimento versus carga aplicada. Para acionamento e processamento de informações obtidas (mensuradas), utiliza-se um sistema de aquisição de dados controlado por um aplicativo desenvolvido especificamente para este trabalho na linguagem de programação gráfica ―LabVIEW ‖. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas seguintes etapas: levantamento bibliográfico, estudo da Norma NBR 5383-1(2002), estudo e simulação dos motores de indução trifásicos, projeto físico da bancada, especificação dos sensores e equipamentos, montagem da bancada e implementação do aplicativo gerenciador dos ensaios. / Mestre em Ciências

The diploma thesis deals with design of an experimental test bench for recovery energy simulation at machines with hydrostatic energy transmission. This work describes choice of connection and selection of hydrostatic and other components. A first part of the thesis deals with calculation and design of the flywheel whose is its rotational kinetic energy corresponds in a certain scale to translational kinetic energy of the experimental vehicle. The thesis outlines the efficiency of transformation of rotational kinetic energy to pressure energy its accumulation and subsequent conversion back to rotational kinetic energy. Precise determination of the effectiveness of hydrostatic recovery is one of the objectives of experiments that will be implemented at the test bench. The task of the measurement and physical-technical analysis to be conducted at the manufactured test bench is primarily to obtain data at for the precise control of the hydrostatic energy recovery system to maximize its efficiency.

In recent years, automotive engineering becomes more challenging and complex than previous years because of the innovation that transformed the cars powertrain system. By the quick developing of the automotive systems and increasing the consumer demand for Hybrid Vehicles (HV), Electric Vehicles (EV) and Autonomous cars, authenticity and security of engine systems are an essential part. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle structure contained several system sections like Electric Motor, Inverter, DC-DC Converter, etc. For testing this device, OEM’s are providing a special automotive standard norm (these norms are individually defining by automotive companies as LV124/123/148) which used for simulates variety of the electrical disturbances and monitoring the system behavior. This standard profile applies, simulates and records by EM Autowave system. Electrical tests have been done for a long time manually. Manual testing takes a huge amount of time, money and human resources. Based on the facts, the thesis purpose is to provide the automated system test for supporting test case execution on the HEV test bench, and offline classification independent of the test bench. This scope of the project will be developed by adapting automation library which is going to equip new features for automation system tool. On the other hand, in order to conform the test simulator and their communication system, a device file is implemented for loading and testing the electrical profiles on the test bench system. In addition, automated classification and evaluation used Matlab functions and the test result will be provided as plots which makes differential discovering very easier.