This study is an attempt to improve job satisfaction and work motivation of the Egyptian textile managers and to fill the gap in the managerial literature regarding the Egyptian textile working context. The main objective of this study is to explore the motivation and job satisfaction of the Egyptian senior and middle managers. A research model was developed in order to explain and to understand the satisfaction and motivation process of senior and middle managers and was empirically tested in the actual textile context. Egyptian textile managers' motivation and job satisfaction were explored by using a total of 247 survey questionnaires and 33 interviews. The major findings indicated that the personal, organisational, and cultural factors were found to influence managers' job satisfaction and motivation. Managers were satisfied with their working conditions, job security, and their personal relationships. However, managers were dissatisfied with their pay, promotion, company policies, training, and their appraisal system. Moreover, managers have placed more concern for job content factors rather than for job context factors. The Egyptian culture was positively related with managers' concern for good personal relationships, achievement, responsibility, and for seeking to more knowledge. However, it negatively affected women managers' status as it led to a gender-biased discrimination towards them. The findings suggest a need to consider the personal differences between managers, improve the promotion system, review salary structure, adopt a results-focused appraisal system, pay more attention to the content job factors, improve training system, increase coordination and delegation of authority, give women equal rights, and increase managers' involvement in decision-making process.

<p>Background</p><p>Globalization has opened up new possibilities for firms of all sizes to operate internationally. In that context, especially small- and medium sized companies often have limited resources and market power, which makes efficient relationship building with new intermediaries a key component when entering foreign markets. Therefore, approaching foreign companies and potentially engaging in new business relationships should be a strategic managerial issue.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>The main objective is to analyze how Swedish SMEs in the textile industry should approach German buyers in accordance to their preferences, taking cultural differences into account, as well as maintaining and developing the relationship. The focus will primarily be on the on the stages where the initial contact has been made, thus aiming at advancing in the development process. For this to be achieved, Swedish sellers must know what values to communicate to their counterpart.</p><p>Method</p><p>A qualitative approach has been used in order answer the purpose of the thesis. We have gathered our data from ten in-depth interviews; five with Swedish sellers and five with German buyers. The essential part of the data collection was done over telephone.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The most critical components that are found to be vital in developing a successful buyer-seller relationship include trust, satisfaction and commitment with all their related aspects. It was found that the product offer plays a critical role in the Early Stage of the relationship development process. Communication is essential for the building of trust and satisfaction and supplements the actions of commitment shown by the parties. Having an understanding on what values the counterpart appreciates and when these are especially important in the respective stages of the relationship building enables the firm to adapt its relationship marketing to the buyers preferences in a cost efficient and successful way.</p>

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjamas žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir panaudojimo tobulinimas pramonės įmonėse. Pateikiama metodinės, mokslinės literatūros analizė siekiant išsiaiškinti žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir tobulinimo principus ir problemų sprendimo būdus. Atlikta Lietuvos aprangos ir tekstilės pramonės sektoriaus analizė, pasitelkiant anoniminę anketinę apklausą. Analizės tikslas – išsiaiškinti ir išnagrinėti Lietuvos aprangos ir tekstilės pramonės įmonėse vykdomą žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir panaudojimo tobulinimo politiką, nustatyti silpnąsias vietas žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir tobulinimo srityse. Suformuotas žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir tobulinimo modelis, pritaikytas Lietuvos tekstilės ir aprangos pramonės sektoriaus įmonėms. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius žmogiškųjų išteklių formavimo ir panaudojimo tobulinimo vertinimo aspektus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro šios dalys: įvadas, teorinė dalis, analitinė dalis, projektinė dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 89 p. teksto be priedų, 43 iliustr., 8 lent., 61 bibliografinis šaltinis. Atskirai pridedami darbo priedai. / The thesis dealt with the formation of human resources development and utilization of industrial plants. Available methodical, scientific literature to determine human resource development and improvement of the principles and problem-solving techniques. Work comprise theoretical and methodical issues analysis, using an anonymous questionnaire. Clothing and textile industry, aiming to clarify and examine the Lithuanian apparel and textile companies' human resources development and utilization to improve policies which address vulnerabilities in human resource development and improvement in areas dominated by this sector. Formed by human resource development and improvement of the model is adapted to Lithuanian textile and clothing industry clothing industry. An examination of theoretical and practical human resource development and use of assessment to improve aspects of the final conclusions and recommendations. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, analytical part of the project, conclusions and suggestions, references. Thesis consists of: 89 pages of the plain text, 43 pictures, 8 tables, 61 bibliographical entries. Annexes included.

M. Tech. (Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology), Vaal University of Technolog / Textile industry effluents are carcinogenic and highly recalcitrant hence difficult to degrade especially through biological methods. Abattoir effluents are classified under high-strength wastewaters because of their characteristic high organic load hence highly biodegradable. Anaerobic co-digestion is the concept of degrading two effluent streams with complementary characteristics in order to improve the substrate removal rate. The feasibility of co-digesting abattoir and textile wastewater in a UASB reactor was evaluated at mesophilic and ambient temperature conditions. Preliminary experiments were conducted in 500 ml batch reactors to evaluate the optimum abattoir to textile synthetic wastewater ratio. The effect of COD, TVFA, alkalinity and pH on biogas yield was examined at both ambient and mesophilic temperatures. Anaerobic co-digestion of abattoir to textile wastewater in the ratio determined in the batch process was carried out in a 3 L UASB reactor by a continuous process. The continuous biodegradation process was executed at three different HRTs (22, 18 and 14 hrs) over a 60 day operation period. UASB reactor efficiency was achieved at organic loads ranging from 3.0 – 10.8 gCOD L-1 day-1. Continuous mode experiments were carried out at influent flow rates which corresponded to HRTs ranging between 1 to 8 days in order to evaluate the steady state operating parameters for the co-digestion process. The abattoir to textile effluent ratio was found to be 60:40 respectively. The COD, TVFA, alkalinity and pH and biogas yield followed a similar pattern over time at both mesophilic and ambient temperature conditions. Experimental data adequately fit the Grau first order kinetic model and average COD removal efficiencies of 85% and BOD5 of around 96% were achieved. The average biogas yield remained essentially constant, around 0.19 L/g CODremoved. The co-digested mixture was found to be biodegradable judging from the BOD:COD ratio of 0.53. TCOD removal efficiency decreased from 93% to 16% as HRT decreased from 8 days to 1 day. The kinetics of a UASB reactor co-digesting the mixture of synthetic abattoir and textile wastewater was evaluated in this study using Grau second order multicomponent substrate removal kinetic model. The Grau second order kinetic model, whose kinetic coefficient (ks) was 0.389, was found to be suitable for predicting the performance of a lab-scale UASB reactor.

I det moderna samhället är arbetet inte längre enbart en inkomstkälla utan ett verktyg för självförverkligande. Ur de anställdas perspektiv är företagens attraktivitet, sociala värden, ekonomiska fördelar och utvecklingsmöjligheter viktiga aspekter som tas i beaktning när man söker sig till ett företag och därför betydelsefulla för företagen att efterleva. Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram sätter därför arbetsgivarlöftet och vikten av att det följs i centrum. Vi har funnit ett flertal forskningsstudier relaterade till arbetsgivarlöften, som genomförts inom olika branscher, men saknar undersökningar i textilbranschen där vi ser flera anledningar till varför det skulle vara aktuellt. Studiens syfte är därför att undersöka preferenser bland anställda inom funktionerna inköp och design på företag inom textilbranschen och se hur väl dessa uppnås för att kunna dra slutsatser om förbättringsområden. Samtidigt vill vi se hur stor inverkan den geografiska platsen har och hur benägna de anställda är att yttra sig om arbetsplatsrelaterad information på sociala medier. Studien har genomförts med en kvantitativ ansats, där datainsamling skett genom webbenkäter via bekvämlighet- och snöbollsurval för att nå ut till relevanta personer. Enkäten samlade in åsikter från drygt 23 % av urvalsramen. Av dessa hade nästan 84 % en eftergymnasial utbildning och 30 % hade varit anställda i över 5 år, vilket bekräftar att deltagarna besitter erfarenhet och kompetens som är värdefull för arbetsgivarna. Sociala värden var absolut viktigast för respondenterna i vår undersökning och att ha en god relation till kollegor och chefer toppade listan. En härlig och kul stämning på arbetsplatsen kom inte långt därefter. Lyckligtvis är det också en känsla av tillhörighet som arbetsgivarna lyckas uppfylla bäst. 65 % anger betyget 7 eller högre på hur nöjda de är med sin arbetssituation. Det finns dock utrymme för förbättring, speciellt när det kommer till faktorer som lön, förmåner och självbildskongruens. Resultatet visade att arbetsorten i sig inte var anmärkningsvärt viktig och så länge arbetet är meriterande behöver inte arbetsplatsen ligga i en storstad. Studiens deltagare anger att de är aktiva på sociala medier, men få av dem uttrycker sig positivt eller negativt om sin arbetsgivare via dessa plattformar i dagsläget. Här ser vi ett potentiellt förbättringsområde när det kommer till att få de anställda att bli varumärkesambassadörer för företagets employer brand. / In modern society, our work is no longer just a source of income but a tool for self-realization. From the employees' perspective corporate attractiveness, social values, economic benefits and development opportunities are important aspects taken into consideration when applying for a job and therefore important for companies to acknowledge. The theoretical framework therefore puts the employer brand promise and the importance of its compliance in focus. The study aims to investigate preferences among employees in the purchasing and design functions in the textile industry, and see how well they are achieved to draw conclusions about areas for improvement. At the same time, we want to see how much influence the geographical location has and how likely the employees are to share workplace-related information on social media. The study was conducted with a quantitative approach, where data was collected through web surveys with a convenience and snowball sampling method to reach out to relevant people. The survey gathered opinions from more than 23% of the sample field. Of these, almost 84% had post-secondary education and 30% had been employed for over 5 years, which confirms that the participants possesses experience and expertise that is valuable to their employers. Social values were regarded most important and to have a good relationship with colleagues and managers was ranked as the number one preference. A fun atmosphere scored second place. Fortunately, it is also a sense of belonging that employers seem to meet the best. 65% of the respondents graded 7 or higher on job satisfaction on a scale of 1-10. However, there is room for improvement, especially when it comes to factors such as salary, benefits and self-image congruency. The result shows that the workplace location in itself was not remarkably important and as long as the job is meritorious it does not need to be situated in a big city. The study participants indicate that they are active on social media, but few of them express any positive or negative aspects about their employers on these platforms. Here we see a potential area for improvement when it comes to turning the employees into brand ambassadors for the company's employer brand. This research paper is written in Swedish.

This diploma thesis deals with the history of the town Aš. The first historical part describes the history of the town since the first mentions to the present days. During the historical development of the region as well as the town itself the diploma thesis focuses mainly on the interesting or unusual events or the differences between the development of the Czech territory central region and the region of Aš. In this diploma thesis is also emphasised the historical development of the textile industry that was interwoven with this region. The didactic part depicts the topic connected with the educational area called Man and his world, specifically describes the thematic areas Place where we live and Man and Time. It also describes the connection between the historical education and project-based learning. The project Time traveling through the town Aš focuses on getting to know the region for the fourth graders. The pupils work with historical materials, meet the town's history and compare the historical and present situations. The project helps the pupils understand the particularity of the place they live in and helps them create a favourable relationship with the town. Key words: regional history, town Aš, textile industry, project-based learning

A indústria têxtil brasileira viveu seu apogeu econômico nas décadas de 1950, 1960 e 1970. Seus expressivos números, associados ao clima eufórico nacionalista, contribuíram para transformar esse setor num segmento importante para a consolidação de sentidos acerca da existência de uma identidade nacional, que se teria dado por meio da produção de estampas genuinamente brasileiras. Com base nessa hipótese, esta pesquisa dedica-se a explorar o processo de produção de sentidos nacionalistas e patrióticos implantados e difundidos por imagens, tendo como metodologia principal a investigação dos processos internos da indústria e a observação da divulgação dada à atuação da indústria têxtil naquele período. Procura-se comprovar que os sentidos produzidos foram decorrentes bem mais de um discurso eficiente do que de uma criação autêntica ou genuína que tenha havido nesse setor. / The Brazilian textile industry reached its apogee in the period 1950-1970. The widespread impact it made in a climate of euphoric nationalism, led to this sector being turned into a means of strengthening feelings about the existence of a particular Brazilian national identity, which it achieved by producing printed designs that were genuinelyBrazilian. On the basis of this supposition, this research project is devoted to exploring the way nationalistic and patriotic feelings have been instilled and spread through images, by employing a methodology that mainly involves investigating the inner processes of industrialisation and the observation of the promotion of the textile industry in that period. The study seeks to support the view that the feelings that have been evoked, arise more from an effective discourse than any authentic or genuine creation that has taken place in this sector.

Diante da crise energética que o Brasil enfrentou nos anos de 2000/2001, as empresas passaram a procurar novas alternativas de energia visando manter o nível de produção. Uma alternativa capaz de fazer a substituição da energia elétrica e de outras fontes energéticas consideradas nocivas ao meio ambiente e, de ao mesmo tempo, proporcionar benefícios econômicos, operacionais, ambientais e até de qualidade do produto para as empresas consumidoras parece ser a utilização do gás natural (GN). O presente trabalho identifica os fatores que interferem na adoção do gás natural como energético alternativo em empresas da indústria têxtil da região administrativa de Campinas (SP) e verifica a viabilidade tanto em termos econômicos quanto estratégicos de projetos de investimento desta natureza. Para isso, são realizadas pesquisas descritivo-exploratórias e um estudo de caso junto às empresas têxteis dessa região. O trabalho apresenta resultados tanto de caráter qualitativo como quantitativo que ajudam as empresas têxteis a decidir se adota ou não o GN em seus processos produtivos. É interessante destacar também que não foram encontrados, na literatura pesquisada, estudos semelhantes, o que demonstra a carência de pesquisas envolvendo o tema. O aporte teórico desta proposta está baseado na indústria têxtil, na importância do gás natural para a indústria, nas estratégias, na inovação tecnológica e na análise de investimento. / Due to the energy crisis Brazil faced in 2000/2001, companies started to look for new alternatives of energy in order to keep production level. An alternative capable to replace electric energy and other energy sources considered harmful to the environment and at the same time able to cause economic, operational, environmental, and even product-quality profits to consumer enterprises seems to be natural gas (NG). The current research identifies factors that interfere in the adoption of natural gas as an alternative energy source in textile industry located in Campinas (SP) and surroundings, as well as it analyses the viability both in economic and strategic terms of investments of this nature. For this purpose, a descriptive-exploratory research was done, in addition to a case-study of textile companies from that location. This research presents both qualitative and quantitative results, which will help textile companies decide if they will adopt NG or not on their productive processes. It is also interesting to emphasize that other similar studies were not found, which demonstrate a lack of research on this subject. The theoretical framework is based on textile industry, as well as on importance of natural gas to industry, strategies, technological innovation and on investment analysis.

The purpose of this study is to map out and analyse the competitiveness of the clothing-manufacturing sector in Rwanda on a local, regional and international level. The research was carried out as a case study of the Rwandan clothing-manufacturing sector through a two-months field study in Rwanda. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with local fashion designers, clothing manufacturers and ministry representatives. Observations in manufacturing plants, local markets and tailoring studios were also carried out. The findings were analyzed through an analysis model based on Porter’s diamond model, enhanced with the notions of country of origin effect (COO), corporate social responsibility (CSR) and customer-based brand equity (CBBE). The findings show a sector that is struggling with its competitiveness on a local, regional and international level. Lack of relevant factor conditions such as cheap labour and energy as well as low local demand indicates that the country is not suitable for mass-production of clothes. The emerging fashion scene shows abundance in creativity and entrepreneurship, but there is a need for more developed tailoring skills, product quality level and knowledge in management and marketing. Rwanda is not competitive for mass-production of clothing, but the sector could profile itself on high-end fashion and products with craftsmanship qualities. Allocating resources to education and investments in supporting industries could help the Rwandan clothing-manufacturing sector to profile itself on a regional and international market. No studies on the Rwandan clothing-manufacturing sector and its competitiveness have been done since 1989. Due to the shifting focus towards East-Africa as a textile and clothing-manufacturing hub, an update of the situation in Rwanda was found relevant. The study contributes to the existing literature on competitiveness in the textile industry and forms a relevant stepping-stone for further research. / Program: Textilekonomutbildningen

Orientador: Maria Lucia Pereira Antunes / Banca: Antonio Carlos Vieira Coelho / Banca: Fabiano Tomazini da Conceição / Resumo: A indústria têxtil é responsável pela geração de efluentes que, normalmente, apresentam um nível indesejável de coloração devido à etapa de tingimento, onde utilizam-se corantes que, quando lançados nos corpos d'água, levam à alteração de sua qualidade e ocasionam efeitos danosos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Em vista disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo utilizar a lama vermelha, resíduo gerado em larga escala na produção de alumínio, como meio adsorvedor do corante Reativo Blue 19, o qual possui grande aplicação industrial e características que dificultam sua remoção em solução aquosa por meio de tratamentos convencionais. Sendo assim, optou-se por ativar a lama vermelha através de tratamento químico (água do mar, nitrato de cálcio e peróxido de hidrogênio) e térmico (400ºC e 500ºC), visando identificar a interferência desses tratamentos no aumento de sua capacidade adsortiva. Para isso, foi realizada a caracterização das amostras de lama vermelha através da determinação do pH, condutividade elétrica, ponto de carga zero (PCZ) difração de raios - x (DRX) e área superficial específica, sendo que a análise granulométrica foi realizada somente para a lama vermelha "in natura". Em seguida, visando determinar a capacidade adsortiva da lama vermelha ativada, foram construídas isortermas de adsorção, linearizadas segundo os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Para efeito de comparação, a mesma metodologia foi aplicada ao carvão ativado visando determinar sua capacidade em adsorver o mesmo corante. Foi realizado o estudo da cinética de reação através dos modelos pseudo-segunda ordem, onde todas as amostras obedeceram ao modelo de pseudo - segunda ordem. Os resultados mostraram-se bastante promissores, sendo que a lama vermelha ativada por nitrato de cálcio a 500ºC apresentou uma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The textile industry is responsible for the generation of effluents usually have an undersirable level of staining due to the step of dyeing, which is used dye which, when thrown into water bodies, leading to alteration of its quality and cause harmful effects the environment and human health. As a result, this study aimed to use the red mud, waste generated on a large scale in the production of aluminum, such as through adsorption of the dye Reactive Blue 19, which has a large industrial application and characteristics that hinder its removal in solution Aqueous by conventional treatments. Therefore, we chose to activate the red mud by chemical treatment (seawater, calcium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide) and thermal (400º C and 500º C) in order to identify the influence of these treatment in increasing its adsorption capacity. For this, we performed the characterization of samples of samples of red mud by determining the pH, electrical conductivity, point of zero charge (PZC) - ray diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area, and the particle size analysis was performed only for red mud "in nature". Then, to determine the adsorptive capacity of activated red mud, adsorption isotherms were constructed, according to the linearized Langmuir and Freundlich models. For comparison, the same methodology was applied to activated carbon in order to determine their ability to adsorb the same dye. Was performed to study the kinetics of reaction through the pseudo-first model and pseudo-second order where all samples followed the type of pseudo-second order. The results were very promising, with the red mud activated by calcium nitrate at 500ºC showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 476.02 mg/g at pH 4. The results for the activated carbon did not indicate affinity between the adsorbate and adsorbate material, a factor... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre