(in English) In my thesis, I have decided to continue the theme I have already pursued in my previous bachelor's degree research. It consists of biographies of selected outstanding volunteers who took part in the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939, with a special attention given to their lives after 1948. Following the life story of Osvald Závodský, I have chosen to focus on the life of Bohuslav Laštovička (1905-1981), a former officer of the Army of the First Czechoslovak Republic, and later a Communist journalist and publicist. In Spain, he served as the first commander of the "Gottwald" anti-aircraft division, then he was a member of the leadership of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in London. Following the liberation, he worked as the first director of Czechoslovak Radio. In 1948, he was an ambassador in Moscow, and later a deputy at the Ministry of Defence. After political restrictions during the political trials era, he became a chairman of the National Assembly in the mid-1960s, and remained in this post until 1968. As a member of the Federal Assembly he served until his dead in 1981. I intend to fill this biographical lacuna drawing on archival research, secondary literature, public press of the period, and last but not least memories of Laštovička's comrades-in-arms and his own, in order to...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Na madrugada do dia 16 de fevereiro de 1988 a Unidos de Vila Isabel conquistou o título inédito do carnaval carioca com o enredo Kizomba Festa da Raça. Esse título foi o auge da administração de Lícia Maria Maciel Caniné, a Ruça que à época era casada com Martinho José Ferreira, o Martinho da Vila. O casal era filiado ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro, e a administração em questão se opunha politicamente a Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba, comandada pelo presidente anterior da Unidos de Vila Isabel, Aílton Guimarães Jorge, o Capitão Guimarães. Azul Celeste em Vermelho analisa a trama política carnavalesca tensionada de fins da década de 1980, focalizando na gestão da presidente Ruça empreendida entre os carnavais de 1988 e 1990. Iluminado por fontes orais e periódicos da época, o presente trabalho está interessado em discutir as memórias tramadas sobre aquela administração e seus usos políticos, por vezes partidários. / In the morning of February 16th, 1988 Unidos de Vila Isabel won the unexpected title of the Rio Carnival with the theme "Kizomba Festa da Raça". That championship was the peak of administering Lícia Maria Maciel Caniné, the Ruça who was then married to Martinho José Ferreira, Martinho da Vila. The couple was associated to the Brazilian Communist Party, and the administration in question was politically opposed to Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba, led by former President of the Unidos de Vila Isabel, Aílton Guimarães Jorge, Capitão Guimarães. Sky blue in red analyzes the political carnival tensioned goals of the late 1980s, focusing on the management of President Ruça carnivals undertaken between 1988 and 1990. Performed by newspaper oral and contemporary sources, this study is interested in discussing memories developed from that administration and its political uses, sometimes supporters.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Na madrugada do dia 16 de fevereiro de 1988 a Unidos de Vila Isabel conquistou o título inédito do carnaval carioca com o enredo Kizomba Festa da Raça. Esse título foi o auge da administração de Lícia Maria Maciel Caniné, a Ruça que à época era casada com Martinho José Ferreira, o Martinho da Vila. O casal era filiado ao Partido Comunista Brasileiro, e a administração em questão se opunha politicamente a Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba, comandada pelo presidente anterior da Unidos de Vila Isabel, Aílton Guimarães Jorge, o Capitão Guimarães. Azul Celeste em Vermelho analisa a trama política carnavalesca tensionada de fins da década de 1980, focalizando na gestão da presidente Ruça empreendida entre os carnavais de 1988 e 1990. Iluminado por fontes orais e periódicos da época, o presente trabalho está interessado em discutir as memórias tramadas sobre aquela administração e seus usos políticos, por vezes partidários. / In the morning of February 16th, 1988 Unidos de Vila Isabel won the unexpected title of the Rio Carnival with the theme "Kizomba Festa da Raça". That championship was the peak of administering Lícia Maria Maciel Caniné, the Ruça who was then married to Martinho José Ferreira, Martinho da Vila. The couple was associated to the Brazilian Communist Party, and the administration in question was politically opposed to Liga Independente das Escolas de Samba, led by former President of the Unidos de Vila Isabel, Aílton Guimarães Jorge, Capitão Guimarães. Sky blue in red analyzes the political carnival tensioned goals of the late 1980s, focusing on the management of President Ruça carnivals undertaken between 1988 and 1990. Performed by newspaper oral and contemporary sources, this study is interested in discussing memories developed from that administration and its political uses, sometimes supporters.

The aim of my work was to cover the activity of the Poor School Nuns de Notre Dame since they have been found. The high attention was paid to their centralization to the Nunnery´s branch in Kardašova Řečice in the fifties. I have tried to outline the period of problematic religious and political systems that kept clashing. The work is divided into several topics that describe particular spheres of persecution. The most extensive chapter {--} Kardašova Řečice {--} captures the time since the institute had been established to the day when the last nun left it. There are the memories of the witnesses that narrate about nuns and their activity in the House for Seniors and Citizens unabled to work. The whole work is accompanied by the archival material, but also looks at the nuns´ witness with the true-life experience.

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No. of bitstreams: 1 camilagoncalvessilvafigueiredo.pdf: 3928355 bytes, checksum: c9ed22d36488906da2208a7c991553e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / A tese analisa as estratégias utilizadas pelo Partido Comunista Brasileiro/PCB no estado de Minas Gerais para estabelecer suas ações junto às classes trabalhadoras urbanas, entre os anos de 1945 a 1964. A escolha do recorte temporal se deve a dois fatores. O primeiro, em razão de este ter sido o momento em que o PCB realizou o processo de reestruturação e expansão das atividades em todo o estado e, por conseguinte, ampliou sua influência entre diversas categorias profissionais. Segundo, devido à identificação de fontes qualitativas e quantitativas que puderam subsidiar as análises desenvolvidas. A opção pelo estado de Minas Gerais contribui para aprofundar em temáticas relacionadas aos movimentos dos trabalhadores e sobre a trajetória do PCB para além do eixo comumente apreciado pelos estudos historiográficos. Em maior medida, pesquisadores têm se voltado para análises de âmbito nacional ou se concentram no exame das experiências da agremiação em cidades do interior, em localidades situadas na região sul e sudeste do país, como Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. A principal hipótese desta pesquisa está na concepção de que, apesar da clandestinidade e da repressão, os comunistas não deixaram de exercer suas ações na política e entre os movimentos dos trabalhadores. Para isso, constituíram estratégias, confirmadas a partir do estudo do caso mineiro. Dessa forma, inicialmente, realiza-se uma discussão teórica a respeito do objeto de estudo e discorre-se sobre as pioneiras experiências da agremiação em Minas Gerais. Posteriormente, analisa-se a trajetória de consolidação das ações pecebistas na capital e no interior. Realiza-se o trabalho de mapeamento das cidades que tiveram núcleos, células e sedes do PCB a fim de assinalar o raio de atuação do partido no estado. Salienta-se a identificação das regiões onde o PCB destinou maior atenção aos trabalhadores urbanos, como as localidades situadas no centro, sul e zona da mata. Disserta-se sobre as concepções teóricas, políticas e ideológicas que influenciaram os rumos e as estratégias adotadas pelos comunistas no chão das empresas. Observa-se, por meio do estudo de casos, as táticas empreendidas para estabelecer o intercâmbio de ações junto aos trabalhadores. Compreende-se não somente os êxitos e as contribuições dos pecebistas para os movimentos dos trabalhadores, mas também os fracassos e as dificuldades para o estabelecimento da articulação entre os sujeitos que não detinham concepções ideológicas de esquerda. Por fim, analisa-se em especial – por meio do uso de fontes orais – a trajetória de indivíduos cujas experiências pessoais e profissionais estão diametralmente ligadas a história do PCB. Por meio dessas trajetórias observamos as táticas adotadas pelo partido a fim de se manterem atuantes na dinâmica política do país, a despeito da clandestinidade. Esta pesquisa subsidia a difusão dos estudos sobre os trabalhadores e sobre a trajetória de resistência do PCB. Partido, cujo histórico de clandestinidade se confunde com o percurso de superação aos condicionantes desfavoráveis. A tese se vale de documentos partidários, materiais elaborados pelos agentes de organizações voltadas a repressão, além de jornais e entrevistas. / The thesis analyzes the strategies used by the Brazilian Communist Party in Minas Gerais, to establish their actions with the urban working class, between the years of 1945 and 1964. The choice of the temporal cut is duo two factors: Firstly, because at this period PCB realized a restructuration process and expansion of their activities in the whole federation and, expands their influence in several working categories. Secondly, duo to the identification of qualitative and quantitative sources which subsidize the analyzes.The option for Minas Gerais contributes to deepen the thematic related about the workers moviments and PCB‘s trajectory, beyond the axis of what we have as commonly appreciated by the historiographic studies. To a greater extent, researchers turned to national scope analyzes or concentrate themselves about the examination of the experiences of the association in the inner cities, around the areas of the south or southeast of the country, like Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The research hypothesis lies in the conception of what, despite of the clandestinity and repression; the communists still exercise their actions in politics and in between the working class movements. Thereunto, they instituted strategies, supported by the study of Minas Gerais case. Thus, at the beginning, a theorical discussion, about the study object, is developed and treats on the pioneer experiences of Minas Gerais association. Posteriorly, we analyze the trajectory of consolidation of the pecebistas actions in the capital and inner cities. We realize the work of mapping the cities which developed a nucleus, cellular and headquarters of PCB to point out the operating radius of the party in the state. We emphasize that the identification of the regions where PCB dedicated greater attention to the urban working class, in locations situated in downtown, south and in the forest area.We Discussed about the theorical conceptions, politics and ideology that influenced the paths and strategies used by the communists in the ―ground of corporations‖. We observe, based in case studies, the tactics taken to establish the exchange of actions together with the workers. It is understood, not only the successes and contributions of the pecebistas to the workers movements, but the failures and problems to the establishment of the articulation between the subjects whose didn‘t have conceptions of left wing ideology. Finally, we analyze, in particular, by the use of oral sources – the trajectory of individuals, which the personal and professional experiences are diametrically connected to the History of PCB. Through these trajectories we observe the tactics adopted by the party in order to keep themselves active in the political dynamics of the country, spite of the clandestinity. This research subsidizes the diffusion of the studies about the workers and their trajectory of resistance of PCB, party, which the historical of clandestinity confounds itselves with the path of superation to the unfavorable determinants. The thesis uses party documents and materials done by the agents of organizations oriented by the repression, besides journals and interviews.

nÃo hà / Este estudo compreende a anÃlise do jornal comunista O Democrata, no perÃodo de 1946 e 1947, na cidade de Fortaleza-Cearà (Brasil). Procuro recuperar o trajeto da imprensa transgressora no Estado, a partir do final do SÃculo XIX, e mostro a relaÃÃo do impresso com a tradiÃÃo da escrita subversiva. Neste trabalho, abordo o documento dentro da perspectiva das interferÃncias e a circularidade do mesmo nos espaÃos pÃblicos da cidade. A partir da fonte principal de pesquisa, tento ampliar a leitura da escrita fazendo uso das fontes orais e documentos relativos ao perÃodo da temÃtica. Avalio, ainda, a participaÃÃo do impresso nas eleiÃÃes e mostro a importÃncia do vespertino para difusÃo das prÃticas e idÃias comunistas. / This study approaches an analysis of the communist newspaper "O Democrata" (in English "The Democrat"), during 1946 and 1947, in Fortaleza-CE, Brazil. It is aimed to recover paths of the transgressing press in the State of CearÃ, from the beginning of the 19th century. It is shown the relation between traditional and subversive written press. This study also approaches documents from interference perspectives and public places where they were sold in Fortaleza. From the main source of the research, it is intended to amplify the comprehension of the speech by the use of oral sources and documents during the years of 1946 and 1947. It is also evaluated the contribution of the written press during the election period and the importance of the evening newspaper in order to diffuse the communist ideas.

Taiwan’s February 28 Incident happened in 1947 as a set of popular protests against the postwar policies of the Nationalist Party, and it then sparked militant actions and political struggles of Taiwanese but ended with military suppression and political persecution by the Nanjing government. The Nationalist Party first defined the Incident as a rebellion by pro-Japanese forces and communist saboteurs. As the enemy of the Nationalist Party in China’s Civil War (1946-1949), the Chinese Communist Party initially interpreted the Incident as a Taiwanese fight for political autonomy in the party’s wartime propaganda, and then reinterpreted the event as an anti-Nationalist uprising under its own leadership. After the rapprochement of Mao’s China with the United States in the 1970s, both parties successively started economic or political reform and revised their respective policies toward the February 28 Incident. Moreover, the Democratic Progressive Party rose as a pro-independence force in Taiwan in the mid-1980s, and its stress on the Taiwanese pursuit of autonomy in the Incident coincided with the initial interpretation of the Chinese Communist Party. These partisan views and their related policy changes deeply influenced historical research on the Incident. This study re-examines both the history and the historical accuracy of these partisan discourses and the relevant scholarship on the Incident, and further proposes to understand this historic event in the long-term context of Taiwanese resistance and political struggles. / Graduate

From 1948 to 1989, the newspaper Rudé právo was the central press authority of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Its content that was presented to the public, was ideologically focused in accordance with the current propaganda line of the Communist Party. After the Velvet Revolution in 1989, the situation began to change and, above all, domestic political content began to go through considerable change. This thesis analyzes the domestic political articles that were published in the Rudé právo during 1989 - eleven months before the Velvet Revolution and the period after the Velvet Revolution until the end of 1989. This work captures what topics the texts dealt with, which topics were preferred and which were neglected. The thesis also captures and describes how and when exactly the content of the paper began to change, how the attitudes of editors and the tone of the texts has being changed, which new topics began to appear in the press and how the language and rhetoric of the newspaper have changed.

This thesis focuses on the study of factionalism in the Communist Party of Vietnam and relates it to the recent problems of the Vietnamese regime. In order to determine the causes of the current crisis in Vietnam and introduce the environment in which Vietnamese elites operate, this study analyses both formal and informal structures of the political system of Vietnam and the principles of their functioning. This thesis criticizes misleading usage of faction as an analytical tool in the works on Vietnam and presents Andrew Nathan's factional model elaborated for China which is applied to Vietnam in a slightly changed form. We present evidence showing that the central political arena in Vietnam displays factional characteristics. Those findings are linked to the problem immobilism in Vietnam which is connected with instability caused by the absence of political initiatives and needed reforms (mainly the political one). Attention is also drawn to the need for the development of a theory of factionalism. Key words: The Communist Party of Vietnam, factional theories, political system of Vietnam

"Communist Women in the 1920s" is about the women, who established the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and worked to build it up. It describes women of Czech nationality in the territory of the Czech lands during the period 1921-1929. The focus is mostly on the women's headquarters, which directed the work. Following political, social-economical and cultural levels, interest is also paid to the psychological aspect. The theses is divided into thematical chapters, each depicting events chronologically. The introductory chapter presents the reasons, why some women turned to the left and others to the right in the Social Democratic Party. Subsequent chapters describe the organization of women in the Communist Party, their concrete workload, life style of working-class women and functionaries, relations with the Soviet Russia, intraparty political development, comparison with other parties and biographies of female communist functionaries. In this work were used archival materials (mostly records of party meetings and personal materials located in the National Archive in Prague), contemporary women's newspapers and memoires of women.