The quality of Nigerian Legal Education is fast deteriorating and in addition, the current structure of monitoring the training of lawyers is grossly ineffective. This thesis discusses steps that can be taken in reforming the current structure of Nigerian legal education to revert this trend. This thesis proposes a sytem of internal institutional assessment by law faculties in Nigeria. Financial, social-cultural constraints and politicl economy interference are obstacles to reforming Nigerian legal education, but institutional assessment can mitigagte these obstacles. Using Mariana Prado's concept of institutional bypass as a solution to overcoming these obstacles and also as a means of advancing reforms in the training of lawyers in Nigeria, this thesis proposes the adoption of institutional assessment as a strategy to create an avenue for stimulating reforms and promoting quality in Nigerian legal education.

Children's right to participate in judicial and administrative matters that affect them is perhaps the most frequently overlooked children's right, globally. This research was a descriptive study of what exists with regard to children's participation, at the Office of the Family Advocate, when parents divorce. The methods of data collection used included a content analysis (quantitative method) a focus group interview (qualitative method) and review of the literature and legislation. The content analysis involved analyzing the data of forty case files involving disputed cases, according to a content analysis schedule. The focus group interview was conducted with family advocates and family counselors and focused on various factors that facilitate or impede children's participation at the enquiry. The data obtained was analyzed manually and presented in the form of pie charts, tables, discussions and quotes. From the content analysis the researcher found that most children had definite views regarding their future care. One of the factors that hinder children's participation at the enquiry is the fact that not all enquiries are conducted using the team approach. The research also indicates that the adversarial nature of divorce proceedings impact negatively on children's participation and a more conciliatory approach would prove more child-centered. The focus group interview indicates that the professionals involved have positive attitudes towards children's views and participation in the enquiry. Children's expressed wishes are considered in conjunction with other factors such as the bond between parent and child, and the suitability of the parent. The focus group participants made various suggestions with regard to ensuring a more child centered approach regarding children's participation. The researcher presented the major findings, together with recommendations for future research at the end of the study. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

La presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo y transversal, relacionado al desarrollo dental de 133 niños y 99 niñas que acudieron al Departamento de Estomatología del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza comprendidos entre los 6 a 12 años de edad, las cuales fueron evaluados con los métodos de Demirjian y Ubelaker. Se escogió aleatoriamente una submuestra de 80 radiografías panorámicas para evaluar la fiabilidad intraexaminador.. Para la submuestra se utilizó el test de t para muestras pareadas comparando la edades cronológicas documentadas y las edades estimadas por los diferentes métodos encontrándose que las edades obtenidas mediante el método de Demirjian presenta diferencias significativas con la edades cronológicas (t = −5.760; gl = 79; sig. = 0,000). También, se encontró diferencias significativas entre las edades estimadas mediante el método de Ubelaker y las edades cronológicas (t = 2.443; gl = 79; sig. = 0,017). Se concluye que hay relación entre ambas variables y estas son significativas. Se halló coeficiente de correlación intraclase para ver la fiabilidad del intraexaminador resultando la medición 0.959. p<0.05, lo que significa que la fuerza de concordancia es muy buena para ambos métodos. Además, la muestra fue clasificada por sexo y edad. Para comparar las 232 radiografías se utilizó el método de Wilcoxon en la que indican que el método Demirjian es el que presenta menor diferencia con la edad cronológica, sobreestimando en más de 4.647 años la edad documentada, mientras que en el método Ubelaker la diferencia con la edad cronológica, se subestimo en menos de 4.922 años. Por ello se concluye que el método Demirjian es el que ofrece edades estimadas más cercanas a las edades cronológicas. Palabras clave: edad cronológica, edad dental, estimación de la edad, maduración de edad dental. / --- This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study, related to the dental development of 133 boys and 99 girls who attended the Department of Stomatology of the Archbishop Loayza National Hospital between the ages of 6-12 years old, which were evaluated by the methods of Demirjian and Ubelaker. Was chosen randomly a subsample of 80 panoramic radiographs to assess intraexaminer reliability .. The t-test was used for paired samples comparing the chronological ages documented and estimated by different methods ages found for the subsample ages obtained by the method of Demirjian differ significantly with chronological age (t = 5760, gl = 79; sig = 0.000.). Also, significant differences between the estimated ages were found by the method of Ubelaker and chronological age (t = 2.443, gl = 79; sig = 0.017.). We conclude that there is a relationship between two variables, and these are significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient for intra-examiner reliability of the resulting measurement 0.959 was found. p <0.05, which means that the strength of agreement is very good for both methods in addition, the sample was classified by sex and age. Wilcoxon method which indicate that the Demirjian method is presented minor difference with chronological age, overestimating by more than 4647 years of documented age, while the difference Ubelaker method to be used to compare the 232 radiographs chronological age was underestimated in less than 4922 years. Therefore it is concluded that the Demirjian method is estimated offering children closest to the chronological ages Keywords: chronological age, dental age estimation of age, maturation of dental age

La estatura es una característica medible en el ser humano, es por tanto un dato muy importante cuando se pretende realizar la identificación a partir de restos esqueletizados incompletos o fragmentados. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la estatura real con la estimada utilizando el método del Dr. Carrea a partir de las dimensiones del arco y radio cuerda unilaterales. Se evaluaron 188 alumnos de pregrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, matriculados en el periodo académico 2013-2, en los que se determinó la estatura real, el arco y cuerda maxilar para estimar la estatura, comprobándose que existe una correlación positiva moderada (45.6%) entre la estatura real y el valor estimado de la misma según el método de Carrea, con un nivel de significancia de p<0.05.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre la forma y número de rugas palatinas con respecto al género en los pacientes atendidos en la clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el ciclo Académico 2013-II. Esta investigación se realizó en base a una muestra de 150 pacientes seleccionados en base a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos para el estudio. El método a utilizar fue el observacional, transversal. Se utilizaron fotografías intraorales de la arcada superior. La muestra fue obtenida de los pacientes de la Clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos mediante el uso fotografías intraorales del maxilar superior y una ficha rugoscópica diseñada para el estudio. Mediante el análisis de 1532 rugas palatinas, se logró determinar que existe una variación en forma y número de rugas palatinas con respecto al género; encontrándose una mayor frecuencia de forma recta en el género femenino y forma recta y ondulada en el masculino; en cuanto al número; en el género femenino existe una mayor frecuencia en número a diferencia del género masculino. Concluyendo que existe una diferenciación de género según la forma y número de rugas palatinas.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la eficacia de la estimación de la edad cronológica a través del método de Demirjian basada en cuatro piezas dentales en niños de 3 a 15.5 años atendidos en el Servicio de Odontología del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza en el periodo 2005 – 2013. La investigación se realizó en base a una muestra de 200 de pacientes seleccionados en base a los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos para el estudio. El método utilizado fue el descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Se utilizaron radiografías panorámicas contenidas en las Historias clínicas. El desarrollo dentario se clasificó a través de los estadios de Demirjian, el análisis Kappa reveló efectos no significativos al momento de evaluar el error intraobservador (0.767). Se utilizó la correlación “r de Pearson” para establecer el grado de relación entre la edad dental y la edad cronológica. Los resultados mostraron una correlación positiva muy buena r = 0.984. Se encontró también, la edad dental subestimada para las niñas en 0.471 y para los niños en 0.356. Se concluyó que el método de Demirjian basada en cuatro piezas dentales es es eficaz para determinación de la edad cronológica. PALABRAS CLAVES:Método Demirjian, calcificación dental, edad dental, odontología forense. / The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the estimation of chronological age by Demirjian based on four teeth in children aged 3 to 15.5 years, treated at the Department of Dentistry of the Archbishop Loayza National Hospital in the period 2005-2013. This research was conducted based on a sample of 200 patients selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria established for the study. The method used was descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective. Panoramic radiographs contained in clinical histories were used. Qualified dental development through the stages of Demirjian, the Kappa analysis revealed no significant effects when evaluating the intra observer error. Correlation "r of Pearson" was used to establish the degree of relationship between dental age and chronological age. The results showed a very good positive correlation r = 0.984. It was also found, underestimated the dental age for girls at 0.471 and 0.356 children. KEYWORDS: Demirjian method, dental calcification, dental age, forensic dentistry.

El autor desarrolla un breve repaso sobre los giros que ha dado el concepto de "servicio público" en la historia, para llegar finalmente a la concepción adoptada por el ordenamiento peruano.

DURING the sixties, higher education was mainly given by public universities. There were twenty-one public and ten private universities. 1 Growth in education went from 2.3 percent in 1961 to 4.4 percent in 1972, and jumped to 9.9 percent in 1981.

This thesis focuses on legal capacity of minors. Maturity of a person depends on his or her age and the development of a personality is consecutive, therefore each legal system must deal with a question how to incorporate a capacity of minors (going through this development) to cause legal effects with own acts. These persons need a higher degree of protection and a different intensity of control or surveillance. Based on general description of several theoretical approaches to the issue the solution chosen in the Czech Republic and in Germany is being closely analyzed. The text of this thesis is divided into five chapters. Firstly, the Czech legislation concerning the issue is being explained. In the first chapter all the basic terms are defined and also the system of legislation regarding legal capacity is shortly outlined. The second chapter includes detailed analysis of legislation concerning legal capacity of minors. The basic criterion for assessment of capacity to cause legal effects with own acts is intellectual and volitional maturity. This criterion is complemented with special cases of a minor acting with consent of his legal representative, operation of business and performance of dependent work. The thesis also mentions acquisition of full legal capacity before reaching the age of majority...

Legal Culture of the State of Israel Keywords: Israel, legal culture The present legal system of the State of Israel is unique because of its mixing of different legal sources. The legal environment is characterized by interfacing of principles arising out of common law and continental law as well as religious law. The object of this thesis is to analyze how these different legal sources are mixing in modern Israeli legal system. The main question to be answered by this analysis is whether the Israeli legal system can be qualified as the member of one from basic legal cultures of the world (i.e. common law or continental law). Eventually whether the combination of legal aspects is specific so much it is necessary to speak about absolutely unique legal culture category. The thesis analyzes the legal system of Israel in basic branches of law. It is focused on constitutional questions, the way how the state power is established and how is enforced in day-to- day experience. There is parliamentary democracy with principles similar to many European countries but there are some distinctions as well. Peculiar for Israeli political system is strong influence of religious political parties. The very specific for Israel is the construction of Basic laws replacing standard constitution. The great part of the...