Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-02-24T19:32:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado Neto, Luiz-Dissert-2013.pdf: 3370161 bytes, checksum: 26f6ba5b13b8bec954798cc7eafa20f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-24T19:32:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado Neto, Luiz-Dissert-2013.pdf: 3370161 bytes, checksum: 26f6ba5b13b8bec954798cc7eafa20f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar os fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos. Por meio da análise de cinco periódicos de amplitude nacional, buscou-se apreender os elementos culturais presentes em avaliações sobre a Questão da Palestina e em discursos pró-sionistas no período de 1936 e 1948. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como essas avaliações e esses discursos mobilizaram representações, valores, percepções, crenças e imagens na análise do conflito entre árabes e sionistas, bem como na defesa da criação de um Estado judeu na Palestina. Esta pesquisa propôs uma articulação entre política e cultura. Dessa forma, buscou-se avaliar, ao fim do estudo, como fundamentos culturais influenciaram a postura política de uma parcela significativa da sociedade norte-americana, que pressionava o governo dos Estados Unidos a apoiar a criação de um Estado judeu na Palestina. / The goal of this research is to analyze the cultural grounds of the support to Zionism in the United States. Through an analysis of five periodicals of national amplitude, this study seeks to apprehend the cultural elements present in evaluations of the Palestine Question and in pro-Zionist discourses in the period between 1936 and 1948. The objective of this study was analyze how these evaluations and discourses mobilized representations, values, perceptions beliefs and images in the views of the conflict between Arabs and Zionists, as well as in the defense of the creation of a Jewish State in Palestine. This research propounded an articulation between politics and culture. Therefore, it sought to evaluate, at the end of the study, how cultural grounds affected the political behavior of an important segment of the American society, which pressed the United States government to support the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.

Submitted by Maria Dulce (mdulce@ndc.uff.br) on 2014-05-23T20:34:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado Neto, Luiz-Dissert-2013.pdf: 3370161 bytes, checksum: 26f6ba5b13b8bec954798cc7eafa20f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-23T20:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado Neto, Luiz-Dissert-2013.pdf: 3370161 bytes, checksum: 26f6ba5b13b8bec954798cc7eafa20f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de analisar os fundamentos culturais do apoio ao sionismo nos Estados Unidos. Por meio da análise de cinco periódicos de amplitude nacional, buscou-se apreender os elementos culturais presentes em avaliações sobre a Questão da Palestina e em discursos pró-sionistas no período de 1936 a 1948. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar como essas avaliações e esses discursos mobilizaram representações, valores, percepções, crenças e imagens na análise do conflito entre árabes e sionistas, bem como na defesa da criação de um Estado judeu na Palestina. Esta pesquisa propôs uma articulação entre política e cultura. Dessa forma, buscou-se avaliar, ao fim do estudo, como fundamentos culturais influenciaram a postura política de uma parcela significativa da sociedade norte-americana, que pressionava o governo dos Estados Unidos a apoiar a criação de um Estado judeu na Palestina.

Une étude paléoparasitologique a été menée sur des échantillons provenant de 30 sites archéologiques du Moyen-Orient afin de fournir de nouvelles données sur les parasites dans cette région. Une grande partie des échantillons étudiés se sont avérés négatifs. Cependant, le site archéologique de Chehrabad en Iran a fourni d’importants résultats. Des embryophores de Taeniidae, ainsi que des œufs d’Ascaris sp., de Trichuris sp., d’Enterobius vermicularis, et d’Oxyuris equi ont été identifiés, dans deux couches datées des périodes Achéménide et Sassanide. Ces résultats exclusifs pour la région du plateau iranien, prouvent le potentiel d’étude dans certains contextes sédimentaires de cette région du globe à dominante semi-aride. L’analyse de coprolithes humains et animaux issus du site égyptien de Hierakonpolis a également révélé une diversité parasitaire importante. Des œufs de plusieurs familles de trématodes, cestodes, nématodes, et acanthocéphales ont été mis en évidence dans 2 zones du site datées de 3700-3500 av. JC, et 3900-3600 av. JC. Ces résultats fournissent de nouvelles données sur l’Egypte ancienne, et prouvent l’importance de l’étude parasitologique des coprolithes en contextes d’hyper aridité comme les sites de la Vallée du Nil. Les résultats de cette étude complètent les données paléoparasitologiques pour le Moyen-Orient, et apportent des informations inédites sur la vie des populations anciennes, de leur alimentation, de leur maladie, ainsi que sur les échanges de pathogènes liés à leurs déplacements. Ces résultats contribuent également à mieux appréhender l’histoire des maladies parasitaires et du parasitisme dans cette région du globe. / A paleoparasitological study has been carried out on 30 archaeological sites located in the Middle East to provide new information on ancient parasites of the region. Many samples examined during our analyses were negative. However, the site of Chehrabad (Iran) provided significant positive results. Taeniids, Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris equi and strongyle were the identified taxa in this site dated to Achaemenid and Sassanid periods. These results showed for the first time, the potential of paleoparasitological studies on the Iranian Plateau to improve our knowledge on ancient parasitism of the oriental areas of the Middle East region. The analyses of coprolites from the site of Hierakonpolis (Egypt) also revealed a diversity of human/animal parasitic markers consisting of trematodes, cestodes, nematodes and acanthocephalan eggs. Oocysts of Eimeria sp. were also identified in this site. Findings in Hierakonpolis came from two localities at the site dated to 3700-3500 BC and 3900-3300 BC. These results provided new information on parasites in ancient Egypt and showed the importance of paleoparasitological analyses of coprolites which could be well preserved in the hyper-arid contexts. The results obtained in this work complete the previous paleoparasitological findings of the Near East. They shed a new light on several aspect of ancient human communities’ everyday life; diet and feeding practices, diseases and sanitary conditions and also on possible pathogens exchanges as a result of mobility and migration. These results contribute also to a better understanding of the history of parasitic diseases and parasitism in the Middle East region.

The authors realized the importance of being flexible in cultural values in the current environment of today’s economy. This environment is called ‘globalization’ that has become an interesting topic in the academic world. Beyond the different challenges, the most important challenge regarding to the thesis topic is the cultural challenge. The authors have combined these elements and  wanted to investigate how these factors influence marketing advertising in the Middle East. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to reach an understanding about how cultural differences in global marketing advertising can be handled by global companies in the Middle East.  The findings of the thesis reflect upon the question of "how global companies can better address cultural differences in marketing advertising in the Middle East" by first understanding and respecting the culture and religion of the region, following the regulations and guidelines for advertising in every specific country, cooperating with local agencies and adapting the marketing advertising strategy with a glocal ‘think global, act local’ approach.

Les localités de la moyenne montagne du Mont-Liban sont souvent présentées comme des bastions des communautés religieuses et des chefs politiques. Cet espace subit, cependant, depuis plus de quatre décennies, de profondes transformations suite à différents processus comme la villégiature, les déplacements de populations durant la guerre, ainsi que la périurbanisation et les investissements des ressortissants du Golfe et des émigrés. Au-delà du mythe de la montagne, refuge des minorités persécutées en Orient, cette thèse vise à interroger ce terrain sur l’évolution des territoires hérités, construits par des générations précédentes d’acteurs, dans un processus de mondialisation et de métropolisation. La place des communautés religieuses et des zaïm-s libanais dans l’échiquier politique national ou régional reste prédominante dans les logiques d’urbanisation des différentes régions libanaises. Cependant, l’évolution des différentes parties de la moyenne montagne autour de Beyrouth reste liée aux contraintes physiques et économiques (altitude, accessibilité, ressources…) plutôt qu’aux spécificités « héritées ». Les autorités qui s’imposent dans les localités de la moyenne montagne, en revendiquant un pouvoir basé sur le passé, sont elles-mêmes obligées de renouveler leurs stratégies et alliances pour relever les défis de la mondialisation et des logiques de compétitivité économique. / Moderate altitude localities of Mount Lebanon are often presented as bastions of religious communities and political leaders. During the last four decades, this space however witnessed profound changes due to various processes such as tourism, population movements during the war, suburbanization and investments of nationals from the Gulf and emigrants. Beyond the myth of the Lebanese mountain, a shelter of persecuted minorities in the Middle East, this thesis aims to examine the evolution of inherited territories built by previous generations of actors in a process of globalization and metropolization.The logics underlying the urbanization of different Lebanese regions remain strongly influenced by religious communities and zaim-s (political leaders). However, the evolution of the localities surrounding Beirut remains related to physical and economic constraints (altitude, accessibility, resources ...) rather than "inherited" specificities. Authorities claiming power based on the past are themselves forced to renew their strategies and alliances to meet the challenges of globalization and economic competitiveness.

This study is essentially a critique of how the three dominant paradigms of explanatory international relations theory - (neo-)realism, liberalism, and systemic constructivism - conceive of, analytically deal with, and explain ethnic conflict and sovereignty. By deconstructing their approaches to ethnic identity formation in general and ethnic conflict in particular it argues that all three paradigms, in their epistemologies, ontologies and methodologies through reification and by analytically equating ethnic groups with states, tend to essentialise and substantialise the ethnic lines of division and strategic essentialisms of ethnic and ethno-nationalist elites they set out to describe, and, all too often, even write them into existence. Particular attention, both at the theoretical and empirical level, will be given to the three explanatory frameworks explanatory IR has contributed to the study of ethnic conflict: the 'ethnic security dilemma', the 'ethnic alliance model', and, drawing on other disciplines, instrumentalist approaches. The deconstruction of these three frameworks will form the bulk of the theoretical section, and will subsequently be shown in the case study to be ontologically untenable or at least to fail to adequately explain the complex dynamics of ethnic identity formation in ethnic conflict. By making these essentialist presumptions, motives, and practices explicit this study makes a unique contribution not only to the immediate issues it addresses but also to the wider debate on the nature of IR as a discipline. As a final point, drawing on constitutive theory and by conceiving of the behaviour and motives of protagonists of ethnic conflict as expressions of a fluid, open-ended, and situational matrix of identities and interests without sequential hierarchies of dependent and independent variables, the study attempts to offer an alternative, constitutive reading of ethnic and nationalist identity to the discourses of explanatory IR. These themes that are further developed in the empirical section where, explanatory IRA's narratives of ethnic group solidarity, ethno-nationalism, and national self-determination are examined and deconstructed by way of the case study of the relations between the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Iraqi Kurdish ethno-nationalist parties in the wider context of the political status of the autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq. With this ambition this study makes an original empirical contribution by scrutinising these relations in a depth unique to the literature.

Outdoor air pollution is increasingly considered as a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). High levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) constitute the greatest international air pollution threat. The purpose of this thesis is to broaden our knowledge regarding the relationship between outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases in the Middle Eastern countries, specifically in Lebanon. Moreover, we aimed to develop a scale as CVD screening tool among the Lebanese population. To achieve these goals, we conducted three studies. The first was a systematic review of the literature aiming to assess levels and sources of PM across the Middle East area and to search for an evidence of relationship between PM exposure and CVD (Paper I).The second manuscript was a multicenter case-control study investigating the association between outdoor pollutants and cardiovascular diseases among Lebanese adults (Paper II) while the third study was conducted to develop a score that can be used as a screening tool in clinical and epidemiological settings among the Lebanese adults (Paper III).The annual average values of PM pollutants in the Middle East region are considered to be much higher than the WHO 2006 tolerated levels (PM2.5 = 10 µg/m3, PM10 = 20 µg/m3). We uncovered evidence of an association between PM and CVD in 4 Middle East countries: Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Ambient PM pollution is considered a potential risk factor for platelet activation and atherosclerosis. Moreover, it was associated with CVD and found to be linked with an increased risk for mortality and hospital admissions (Paper I). Increased risk of CVD with an odds ratio OR of 5.04, 95% CI (4.44-12.85) for living near busy highway and 4.76, 95% CI (2.07-10.91) for living close to local diesel generator was noticed among population exposed to outdoor air pollution (Paper II). In addition, our results highlight the importance of scale generation, which includes air pollution as predictive factor, as screening tool for patients at risk of CVD. This scale can foresee the cardiovascular disease outcomes better than the established score which use the traditional CVD risk factors (Paper III).In conclusion this study brings new evidence regarding the effects of particulate matter on cardiac diseases, points out the harmful role of diesel exhaust on health and suggest a an important role of traffic exhaust particles in exacerbating heart diseases in the Middle East Region. The developed scale could detect persons at high risk for CVD in the clinical and epidemiological settings. In addition, it serves as an essential public health screening tool for the primary prevention of CVD. / Doctorat en Santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Outdoor air pollution is increasingly considered as a serious risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). High levels of airborne particulate matter (PM) constitute the greatest international air pollution threat. The purpose of this thesis is to broaden our knowledge regarding the relationship between outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases in the Middle Eastern countries, specifically in Lebanon. Moreover, we aimed to develop a scale as CVD screening tool among the Lebanese population. To achieve these goals, we conducted three studies. The first was a systematic review of the literature aiming to assess levels and sources of PM across the Middle East area and to search for an evidence of relationship between PM exposure and CVD (Paper I).The second manuscript was a multicenter case-control study investigating the association between outdoor pollutants and cardiovascular diseases among Lebanese adults (Paper II) while the third study was conducted to develop a score that can be used as a screening tool in clinical and epidemiological settings among the Lebanese adults (Paper III).The annual average values of PM pollutants in the Middle East region are considered to be much higher than the WHO 2006 tolerated levels (PM2.5 = 10 µg/m3, PM10 = 20 µg/m3). We uncovered evidence of an association between PM and CVD in 4 Middle East countries: Iran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. Ambient PM pollution is considered a potential risk factor for platelet activation and atherosclerosis. Moreover, it was associated with CVD and found to be linked with an increased risk for mortality and hospital admissions (Paper I). Increased risk of CVD with an odds ratio OR of 5.04, 95% CI (4.44-12.85) for living near busy highway and 4.76, 95% CI (2.07-10.91) for living close to local diesel generator was noticed among population exposed to outdoor air pollution (Paper II). In addition, our results highlight the importance of scale generation, which includes air pollution as predictive factor, as screening tool for patients at risk of CVD. This scale can foresee the cardiovascular disease outcomes better than the established score which use the traditional CVD risk factors (Paper III).In conclusion this study brings new evidence regarding the effects of particulate matter on cardiac diseases, points out the harmful role of diesel exhaust on health and suggest a an important role of traffic exhaust particles in exacerbating heart diseases in the Middle East Region. The developed scale could detect persons at high risk for CVD in the clinical and epidemiological settings. In addition, it serves as an essential public health screening tool for the primary prevention of CVD. / Doctorat en Santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This essay consists of a case study of Tunisian democratization process which came along the events of the Arab spring in 2010-11. The aim of the research is to understand why Tunisia took a distinctive path during the uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa in 2010-11. The case study is within the theoretical framework of traditional democratization literature. These theories are modernization theory, historical sociology and the agency approach. Using the methodological approach of qualitative content analysis, I have analyzed academic articles and come to the conclusion that seven factors played a crucial role for democracy in Tunisia: (1) increased level of education, (2) increased level of information, (3) existing formal and informal organizations in the civil society, (4) transnational power structure, (5) the size of coercive apparatus, (6) compromises among political actors and (7) existing political community. I argue that both the structure of the civil society and the political foundation in Tunisia played a vital role for the distinctive path it took towards democracy.

The diploma thesis surveys the current legal regulation of state citizenship in the Czech Republic in relation to selected states of the Middle East. The thesis contains descriptions and analysis of the legal regulation in force regarding the state citizenship in the Czech Republic, the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan; it also describes the complicated legal situation in the Palestinian territories. In the part focused on the Middle East, the thesis deals with three fundamentally different yet comparable, historically and politically interconnected, state formations - Jewish parliamentary republic, Arab Muslim constitutional monarchy and a state formation sui generis. Besides the introduction and the conclusion, the diploma thesis consists of five chapters. The first four chapters successively deal with the Czech Republic, Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories, whereas the fifth one compares them. The chapters dedicated to the Czech Republic, Israel and Jordan focus on the study of acquisition and loss of citizenship in the said state, characteristic of citizenship, multiple citizenships and development of relevant legal regulation. In the cases of Israel and Jordan, the thesis also addresses legal history of the relevant state, selected particularities of its public...