This thesis presents a sociological critique of the concept of legacy as it surrounded the London 2012 Paralympic Games. A sociological approach was adopted to challenge much of the spontaneous sociology that surrounds the ascendancy of legacy within the Olympic and Paralympic space. Legacy, disability and the Paralympic Games are the predominant structures of the research problem. The literature review attempts to present a sociology of the sociological approaches in these fields. Underpinning the research design is Bourdieu et al. s (1991) epistemological hierarchy which consists of and proceeds from the break , the construction of a conceptual framework to the empirical design. This hierarchy contributed to the repositioning of legacy from the pursuit of cause and effect, or rather away from the pursuit of legitimacy and illegitimacy, of London 2012 to a study of the proposed and imposed causes and effects, legitimations and illegitimations of it. Aligned to this repositioning is the primary collection of data through interviews with five different institutional fields: government, media, corporate sponsors, disability sport and disability institutions. The research findings present a positional analysis of the inter- and intra-relations of these respective fields. In the discussion key symbolic struggles and issues are presented for each field with particular attention given to the development of the positive leaning and legitimising best ever Paralympic narrative and to the commercial and political legitimacy of the London 2012 Paralympic Games. It is concluded that legacy is ultimately a symbolic struggle of different visions of respective agents and institutions that are unable to achieve these absolute visions or ends.

Coubertin avait souhaité organiser les premiers Jeux de l’ère moderne à Paris en 1900 dans le cadre de l’Exposition universelle ou en relation avec elle. Mais dès janvier 1894, le Commissaire général de cette Exposition universelle, Alfred Picard, a rejeté sa proposition, préférant organiser des concours d’exercices physiques et de sport sous le contrôle du comité d’organisation de l’Exposition, privant ainsi Coubertin des soutiens qui lui auraient permis d'organiser les Jeux olympiques. Il ne restait alors plus au président du CIO qu’à sauver les apparences, afin d’assurer la survie du mouvement olympique naissant. Il y a si bien réussi que le mythe des Jeux olympiques de 1900 perdure jusqu’à nos jours, entretenu, il est vrai, par le CIO lui-même. Cette thèse se propose de démêler le vrai du faux à propos des « Jeux olympiques » de 1900 qui, de fait, n’ont pas eu lieu. / Coubertin wished to organize the first games of the modern era in Paris in 1900, within the framework of, or in connection with, the World Fair. But from January 1894, Alfred Picard, the World Fair General Commissioner, rejected his proposal, rather choosing to organize physical exercises and sport competitions, thus depriving Coubertin of the supports who would have allowed him to organize Olympic Games. Therefore the only solution left for the IOC President was to keep up appearances, in order to ensure the survival of the rising Olympic movement. He made it so well that the myth of the 1900 Olympic Games still goes on, a myth preserved by the IOC itself. The purpose of this thesis is to separate fact from fiction about the so-called 1900 “Olympic Games” which n fact never occurred.

The Master Thesis deals with the communication strategy of the Czech Olympic House in Rio de Janeiro during the XXXI. summer olympic games that will take place in 2016. The succesful Czech Olympic House in London is considered to be a groundwork for this strategy. There is a need to diversify, especialy because of the different characteristics of both destinations. The aim of this thesis is to find the optimal communication instruments and their application in the way that will respect the conditions of both czech and brazilian market. The emphasis is placed on the promotion of the Czech republic as a reliable business partner and attractive tourist destination.

Diploma thesis "China in the Czech Press: Comparing Representations of Authoritarian Political System in Democratic Media System" uses qualitative content analysis to examine attributes ascribed to China by selected Czech mainstream newspapers in selected periods, systematizing and categorizing the findings into instituted categories. The analysis serves as a basis for answering the key question: How media representations of political and social system - which is unacceptable in the system where the media work - can be ideologically adapted? Brief insight into history and contemporary problems of China and interpretation of the term "ideology" based on description of the development of this term firstly in its negative definition of Marxist line stay before presentation of results of the qualitative research. The thesis includes also extensive part full of graphical supplements which denote image of China in discourse of dailies Lidové noviny and Právo in five selected periods. It allows easy comparison of separate partial discourses, so distinctions among the partial images of China are well discoverable.

This diploma thesis Protection of Olympic Symbols in Relation to the Media shows how the Czech Olympic Committee monitors the use of Olympic Symbols and how the law that protects Olympic symbols is approached by the Czech media. The main goal of this diploma thesis is to bring a professional insight into this issue, to summarize the legal norms and other accompanying rules of the International Olympic Committee and Czech Olympic Committee and to show specific examples of violations by the Czech media in informing about the Olympic Games. The diploma thesis also uncovers why specific errors in the media occur, how media deal with the protection of the Olympic symbols in the media, and how media ensure the abidance of the law within the internal structures. An integral part of this thesis is a general summary of all the rules, examples of the errors and a summary of both the media and the Czech Olympic Committee perspectives on the issue.

The diploma thesis analyses the media coverage of the 1948 Summer Olympics in London and 1952 in Helsinki in selected Czechoslovakian media. The qualitative content analysis compares the transformation of Olympic coverage in London with Helsinki, especially from an ideological point of view. The thesis begins with a description of the post-war development of Czechoslovakia between 1945 and 1952, continues with media development in the same period and through the definition of theoretical concepts - communism, capitalism, ideology, ideological square and methodology - reaches the most extensive part dealing with the British and Finnish Games from the view of the Czechoslovakian press. This part of the thesis is further divided into subchapters according to the topics that were most covered by the Czechoslovakian media at the Games. This is followed by a comparison between the London and Helsinki Games, which, based on examples, describes the ideological transformation of coverage and media content of the Czechoslovakian media between 1948 and 1952.

Title: A long jump at the modern Olympic Games and other international competitions Subtitle: Personalities and records Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to monitor and analyse individual personalities who at modern Olympic Games and other international top competitions (World Championships, European Championships, Diamond League) pushed forward the record in the long jump, both in relation to the development of the jump technique and other factors affecting the discipline. The work deals more with the athletes themselves and their medallions than with the development of the discipline. Methods: The analysis method was used in the work. The analysis was carried out on results in the long jump from 1896, i.e. from the first modern Olympic Games to 2021. The change in the world record and its evolution, as well as the change in its holders, were analysed in the reporting period. Other personalities who made history in the long jump were also followed. Results: Records in the long jump has changed at international competitions depending on changes in training methods, technique, material and external conditions. Keywords: long jump; olympic games; world record; athletics

This diploma thesis named "The media image of the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympic Games in the Czechoslovak contemporary press" follows the media coverage of the XVI. Summer Olympic Games in Melbourne in 1956 and the XVII. Summer Olympics in Rome in 1960, in selected Czechoslovak periodicals. To establish a media image, the diploma thesis utilises a qualitative content analysis, comparing the transformation of Olympic news reporting in Melbourne and Rome. It focuses on media content and its permeation through the communist ideology. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and methodological part. The theoretical part begins with the historical development of Czechoslovakia after 1948, when the Communists seized power, and then characterizes the "melting period". The thesis also inquires into the development of media in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s with an emphasis on media legislation, including the introduction of selected periodicals: Rudé Právo (Red Law), Svobodné slovo (Free Word) and Československý sport (Czechoslovak Sport). The methodological part maps how the Czechoslovak press informed its readers about the Olympic events in Melbourne and in Rome. Both Olympic Games are divided into subchapters according to the topics that most resonated in sports news reporting. The conclusion of the thesis...

[pt] Este trabalho tem como finalidade determinar a concentração em massa, caracterizar quimicamente as espécies presentes e identificar as possíveis fontes das amostras de material particulado (MP10 e MP2,5) coletados em locais com (Gericinó, Lagoa e Copacabana) e sem (Botafogo) a influência dos Jogos Olímpicos, no Rio de Janeiro. As amostras de MP foram disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) referente ao ano de 2016, sendo os meses de julho a setembro considerados como a temporada Olímpica. A caracterização química das amostras foi realizada por ICP-MS e Cromatografia de Íons (CI). Durante a temporada Olímpica, em 2016, foram reduzidos cerca de 26 porcento de MP10, quando comparados aos anos anteriores na mesma época do ano, por outro lado, o MP2,5 não foi reduzido. De todos os íons solúveis em água analisados, as maiores concentrações foram obtidas para o NO3-, SO4 2- e Na positivo nas duas frações de MP. As altas concentrações dos íons NO3 - e SO4 2- sugerem a presença de fontes antropogênicas. A partir do cálculo de nss (non-sea salt) foi possível observar que os íons Ca2 positivo, K positivo e SO4 2- tiveram uma contribuição marinha baixa. Os metais Fe, Cu e Ti foram os majoritários em todas as amostras nas duas frações de MP, enquanto que elementos como Mn, Pb, V e Ni foram detectados como minoritários. Correlações acima de 0,90 foram observadas entre Ti-Mn e Ti-Fe, sugerindo emissões de ressuspensão do solo e fortes correlações entre V-Ni e VPb mostram a influencia veicular como principal fonte. Finalmente, foi possível observar que houve uma influência dos Jogos Olímpicos na concentração em massa e de algumas espécies no MP2,5, enquanto que no MP10 não foi observada qualquer correlação. / [en] The main aim of this work was to determine the mass concentration, chemically characterize the species present and identify the possible sources of samples of particulate matter (PM10 e PM2.5) collected at sites with (Gericinó, Lagoa e Copacabana) and without (Botafogo) the influence of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. The PM samples were obtained from the Instituto Estadual do Ambiente (INEA) relative to the year 2016. The Olympic seasons considered were July to September of 2016. The chemical characterization of the samples was performed by ICP-MS and ion chromatography (IC). PM10 during the Olympic period were reduced 26 percent, when compared to previous years at the same time of the year. On the other hand, PM2.5 was not reduced during the Olympic period. Of all the water-soluble ions analyzed, the highest concentrations were obtained for NO3-, SO42- and Na plus in both fractions of PM. High concentrations of NO3 - and SO4 2- suggest the presence of anthropogenic sources. From calculation of non-sea salt was possible to observe that Ca2 plus, K plus and SO4 2- had a low marine contribution. Fe, Cu and Ti were the majority metals of all samples in both fractions of PM, while Mn, Pb, V and Ni were detected as minorities. Correlations above 0.90 are observed between Ti-Mn and Ti-Fe, suggested soil resuspension emissions. Strong correlations coefficients between V-Ni and V-Pb show the vehicular influence as the main source. Finally, it was possible to observe an influence of the Olympic Games in mass concentration and some species in PM2.5, while in PM10 no correlation was observed.

[pt] Este trabalho teve como finalidade o estudo dos níveis da composição química do MP2,5 e MP10 e gases coletados em áreas urbanas-costeiras, a fim de avaliar o impacto dos Jogos Olímpicos Rio 2016 e pandemia na qualidade do ar na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados mostraram o aumento de MP2,5 e MP10 devido às atividades urbanas desenvolvidas durante os Jogos Olímpicos e as obras que ainda estavam sendo realizadas no primeiro semestre de 2016. Em todas as estações as espécies inorgânicas refletiram a influência de aerossóis secundários e contribuições marinhas. As espécies Fe e Cu foram os elementos mais abundantes encontrados nas partículas, detectados principalmente em MP10. As fontes de emissão no MP10 foi obtido através do Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF); quatro fontes de aerossóis foram identificadas nos locais: veicular, spray marinho, formação secundária e um misto de ressuspensão do solo e industrial. Um total de 37 HPA foram determinados e a concentração média da soma dos 16 HPA considerados prioritários representou > 30 %. Para a maioria das estações, a distribuição foi caracterizada pela predominância de compostos com massa molecular entre 252 e 276. Em relação a pandemia, os resultados mostraram que o bloqueio parcial afetou os níveis de poluentes por meio da redução das emissões. Foram observadas a diminuição nos poluentes SO2, NO2 e CO; enquanto houve um aumento na concentração de O3. No geral, o bloqueio parcial contribuiu para a melhoria da qualidade do ar na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / [en] This work aimed to study the levels of the chemical composition of PM2.5 and PM10 and gases collected in urban-coastal areas, in order to assess the impact of the Olympic Games and the pandemic on air quality in Rio de Janeiro. The results showed the increase of PM2.5 and PM10 due to urban activities developed during the Olympic Games and the works that were still being carried out in the first half of 2016. In all sites inorganic species reflected the influence of secondary aerosol and marine contributions. The vehicular emitted species Fe and Cu were the most abundant elements found in the particles, mostly detected in PM10. The source apportionment was obtained with Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF); four aerosol sources were identified at the sites: vehicular, marine spray, secondary formation and a mix of industrial and soil resuspension. A total of 37 PAHs were analyzed. The average concentration of the 16 PAHs sum considered priority represented > 30 %. For most stations, the distribution was characterized by the predominance of compounds with a mass between 252 and 276. Regarding the pandemic, the results showed that the partial lockdown affected pollutant levels by reducing sources emission. A decrease in SO2, NO2, and CO was observed; while there was an increase in O3 concentration. Thereby, the partial lockdown contributed to improving air quality in Rio de Janeiro City.