This thesis is an ethnographic account of contemporary religious practice among a Bantu agricultural people in Southern Tanzania, the majority of whom are affiliated to the Roman Catholic Church. It examines the dialectic between Christianity and what the Pogoro consider to be 'traditional' practice as resulting in a locally defined Catholicism and in the separation of formal, official Christianity from 'traditional practice'. The thesis looks at how the existence of an institutional religion, in this case Catholicism, defines some aspects of local practice as traditional in opposition to it, while, at the same time, elements of Christian practice have been adopted by the community in a non institutional way. The thesis describes Pogoro Christianity, the role of the Church and Pogoro perceptions of it and gives an account of that which they consider to belong to the realm of 'tradition'. Traditional practice is not in actuality unchanging, but any changes in traditional practice must be legitimated by the authority of the dead and the spirits. The first part of the thesis provides the historical and geographical background. This is followed by a chapter on the Catholic Church in the area and official Catholic practice. Local Catholic practice and perceptions of the church and Christianity are described and accounted for. The next section looks at what is constituted as belonging to the realm of 'tradition'. The core chapters in this section describe girls puberty rites, funerals and the relationship with the dead. It is here that Catholic practice enters the realm of 'tradition'. A chapter examines the place of witchcraft eradication movements among the Pogoro, and in East and central Africa, to demonstrate how 'tradition' can and does change, and to provide a contrast with the position of Christianity among the Pogoro. This is dealt with in the final chapter in which I argue that there are limits on the 'traditionalisation' of Christianity among the Pogoro, and in other similar societies, and that these limits are to some extent a function of the institutional nature of Christianity.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / The problem of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between the universal Gospel of Christ and modern nationalism, as seen in the history of four churches in the Philippines. The Philippines provides a significant setting for studying this relationship because of two factors. In the first place, nationalism has had a long and vigorous influence upon the Philippines, having for nearly a century helped shape the life of the nation, not only politically but religiously as well. Secondly, the Philippine churches--Roman Catholic, Independent Catholic, United Church of Christ, and Methodist--have each responded differently to nationalism. Thus, in one nation, a variety of responses by Christian churches to nationalism can be observed and evaluated. The method of the dissertation is twofold. First, it is theological and philosophical, through which five norms are proposed as a means of evaluating the relationship between the Christian faith and modern nationalism. These norms are arrived at in the light of contemporary ecumenical documents, especially those dealing with modern mission theory. They also grow out of the discipline of soctal ethics, in addition to the writer's experience as a missionary in the Philippines. Secondly, the dissertation is historical in method, Case studies of four churches are made in which is traced their development as they have each responded to, and been affected by, Philippine nationalism. The Roman Catholic Church brought Christianity to the Philippines at the beginning of Spanish colonial rule in the sixteenth century. Although the early missionaries enriched the islands by introducing many cultural and religious contributions, by the nineteenth century the Church had largely become a force of exploitation and oppression in the archipelago. Just as the government resisted demands for political reform and steps toward independence, so the religious orders--the real focus of power of the Church in the islands--opposed not only national independence but also resisted the development of an indigenous clergy. When the Philippine Revolution came, it was directed against the Church as well as the state. Much of the conflict between Philippine nationalism and Roman Catholicism has continued into the twentieth century due to the large degree of foreign missionary domination in the Church. The opposition of Roman Catholicism to Philippine nationalism resulted in the formation of the Philippine Independent Church in 1902 by Filipinos who wanted a Church led by Filipinos and responsive to Philippine nationalism. Hindered by poverty, lack of churches, and a shortage of trained priests, the Independent Church failed to grow beyond the two million who initially joined its ranks. Until recent years, it was motivated largely by nationalistic impulses and sought to develop a uniquely Filipino Christianity. The two largest Philippine Protestant churches--the United Church of Christ and the Methodist Church--have both had policies that were in harmony with the objective of Philippine nationalism for self-determination in the religious institutions of the country. At the same time they have not been narrowly bound by nationalistic policies. The United Church of Christ is completely independent in government and policies. Philippine Methodism, however, is organically related to American Methodism. This relationship in Methodism has caused some conflict with Philippine nationalism. An evaluation of the history of each church by use of the five norms substantiates four principal hypotheses: 1) Roman Catholicism has made a generally negative response to Philippine nationalism; 2) until recently, nationalism was the directive force in the Philippine Independent Church; 3) the Protestant churches have made a generally balanced response to Philippine nationalism; and 4) the positive response of Methodism to Philippine nationalism has been partially modified by its lack of autonomy. Further conclusions follow from these hypotheses. / 2031-01-01

The purpose of this thesis is to re-evaluate the evidence of Marian images in Rome in late antiquity. It argues that centuries of misreading the iconography of Paleo-Christian art has produced unreliable evidence of an early Marian cult in the Roman Church. Surviving examples of images previously identified as Mary are compared with other forms of representation and personification alongside goddess images from around the Roman world. The conflicts present within the emergent Roman Church and the influence they may have had on the developing artistic traditions are re-considered, with particular emphasis on the iconography of the ‘Adoration of the Magi’. Powerful female figures such as martyr saints and widows are presented as more popular models of early Christian womanhood. In particular virgin martyrs, the eroticisation of whose cult with its sado-masochistic tendencies, catered for a Roman society still deeply influenced by its appetite for violent games and sports. The thesis also examines images identified as Mary, but much more probably originally intended as ecclesia and explores the role of Christ as the bridegroom to ecclesia, the martyrs and the consecrated virgins. It goes on to argue that the growing issue of anti-Judaism in the emergent Roman Church had a particular effect on how Mary was perceived by church leaders.

The aim was to design a roman catholic church in the housing estate Brno-Nový Lískovec with a capacity of 200 seated and social center. Site for church is a rocky hill between high rise prefabricated houses, this hill is sloping from north, where main road and bus stop is located, to south and it drops by about 8 meters. Since this is a proposal in housing estate which lacks quality public space, creating public space was a priority. The proposal uses existing building on site for social center and adds new church building creating public church square. Public space is opening to the south towards view between houses on neighbouring hills. Main church space is arranged in semi-circular plan enclosed with circular presbytery. The main elevated space is enclosed by sacristy, adoration chapel, baptismal chapel and facilities. On the right side of the main entrance to the church is tower.

No description available.

This study is designed primarily to show the important influences which shaped John Henry Newman's religious beliefs and his ultimate conversion to the Roman Catholic Church.

本文研究的主要目的有二：其一，天主教與教育的關係如何？其二，天主教會為何興辦大學？天主教大學的使命及特徵為何？天主教大學的教學方法、教學內容有何特別之處？而探討的範圍，則集中在梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議以後發展的情形。 研究發現，教會傳福音就是一種廣義的教育，天主教會自古即興辦學校，大學產生於中古世紀後期，教會對其誕生前之孕育、誕生後之保護、引導、設立，幫助極大，而大學對教會教義之闡揚，亦貢獻良多。 本研究所得結果如下： 一、天主教會與教育之關係：天主教會自古迄今，藉著學校教育不停從事濟世救人的服務事業，透過愛對人生尊嚴及完整人格教育之宗旨，普遍辦各類各級學校培育人才。 二、天主教大學之本質與政府和教會之關係：天主教大學之本質尊重與維護大學的本質同時，也必須遵造教會福傳使命的領導。 三、天主教大學在天主教會內的地位：天主教大學雖然完全配合當地政府的教育制度，但也在各天主教大學設立梵蒂岡教育部之督導室而被指導。大學章程及主要政策必須由教廷教育部核准。 四、天主教大學之目的及使命：天主教大學工作所追求的目標為：(一)知識的整合(二)信仰與理性的對話(三)倫理道德的關注(四)神學方面的展望。天主教大學的使命為：(一)為教會與社會服務(二)牧靈職務(三)文化的交談(四)福傳工作 五、天主教大學教學方法的特徵：(一)注重神學，神學的研究即為神學的科學化的研究。(二)倫理道德的關注方面，則認為大學的階段為不斷追求人生意義及價值觀。 六、宗教與學術，信仰與理性的衝突方面：自創辦大學以來天主教為維護學術自由不曾間斷，教會和大學的目標互補而不相衝突。 天主教大學教育於世界文化貢獻至偉，其所本理念所採政策，因有基督愛與宗教使命作基礎，適應力特強，於學校所在地國家、社會、人民之利益，於教會本身之發展，於全人類之幸福前途軍有積極價值。 / The purpose of this study is to answer the following questions: First, what is the relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the Education? Second, why does the Roman Catholic Church has established the universities? Third, what are the missions and the charcateristics of the Roman Catholic Universities? Finally, in terms of the methods and the contents of the teaching and learning, what kind of things make the Roman Catholic Universities so different from the other universities? The results of this study are: The Church's evangelization work, in a sense, is one kind of education. The universities came out during the late Medieval Ages, and their reformation and thereafter development got much aids from the Church, and Church's doctrines got reasonable reorganization and advancement from them. I.The relationship between the Roman Catholic Church and the Education: The Roman Catholic has been undertaking services that helps people, the society and establishing schools of all levels to cultivate people with the aim of love toward human dignity and holistic education. II.The relationship between the nature of the Roman Catholic Universities and the government: The nature of the Roman Catholic Universities is to respect and maintain the nature of the universities; at the same time, these universities try to follow the guiding of the church in the mission of evangelization. III.The Status of the Roman Catholic Universities in the Roman Catholic Church: The Roman Catholic Universities cooperate with the educational systems of the local governments, but they are supervised by the Education Department of the Vatican. IV.The purposes and missions of the Roman Catholic Universities: The overall purposes of establishing the Roman Catholic Universities are :(1)The integration of knowledge;(2)the dialogues between religion and rationality;(3)the concern of ethics and morality; and (4)the vision of theology. The mission of the Roman Catholic Universities are :(1)The services for the church are the society;(2)the pastoral ministries;(3)the dialogue other cultures; and (4)the evangilical works. V.The characteristics of the methods of teaching and learning of the Roman Catholic Universities are the emphasis of the theology and the concerns of ethic and morality. VI.The conflicts between the religions and the academy, between faith and rationality: The Roman Catholic Church never cease defending the academic freedom since the setting-up of the Catholic universities. The aims of the Roman Catholic Church and Catholic Universities are complementary and not conflictiong. Historical facts testify that it's true the Roman Catholic University Education has made much advantage to the world. Its capacity has filled with religious charity and mission work, so its adjustment ability is such strong that the host country, community and people, even the local church's own development can get much help from it.

Missiology is about God's call and his sending forth of people to do his will. His call is always linked to his purpose. Thus, the primary purpose of God is salvation. And his salvation is all embracing. Similarly, the Church is the sacrament of salvation and is mandated to proclaim faith and salvation to all. Hence, the mission of God (missio Dei) takes place in the Church, and is implanted by the Church in the world (missiones Ecclesiae). The mission which Jesus gives to the Church is made possible by his own mission (missio Christi), and thus has its foundation in God. The history of the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem begins with the German Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans). Importantly, for the Spiritans, the growth of the diocese depended upon the training of the lay people to teach catechism, to lead Priestless Sunday services and gradually by the training of the local clergy as well. The present situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem is the seemingly shallow understanding of faith and mission, and also the dwindling number of Catholics. This is clearly evident in the number of baptisms in the baptismal register and the head counts on Sundays. Nevertheless, the diocese is still called to preach the Good News to the poor and the oppressed. This thesis assesses the efforts of the pioneers (German Missionaries) as well as the current situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem, and recommends a paradigm shift for the future. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Missiology is about God's call and his sending forth of people to do his will. His call is always linked to his purpose. Thus, the primary purpose of God is salvation. And his salvation is all embracing. Similarly, the Church is the sacrament of salvation and is mandated to proclaim faith and salvation to all. Hence, the mission of God (missio Dei) takes place in the Church, and is implanted by the Church in the world (missiones Ecclesiae). The mission which Jesus gives to the Church is made possible by his own mission (missio Christi), and thus has its foundation in God. The history of the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem begins with the German Missionaries of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Spiritans). Importantly, for the Spiritans, the growth of the diocese depended upon the training of the lay people to teach catechism, to lead Priestless Sunday services and gradually by the training of the local clergy as well. The present situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem is the seemingly shallow understanding of faith and mission, and also the dwindling number of Catholics. This is clearly evident in the number of baptisms in the baptismal register and the head counts on Sundays. Nevertheless, the diocese is still called to preach the Good News to the poor and the oppressed. This thesis assesses the efforts of the pioneers (German Missionaries) as well as the current situation in the Catholic Diocese of Bethlehem, and recommends a paradigm shift for the future. / PhD (Missiology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In unpacking the concept of teaching as a vocation in Chrisrian tradition, the research aims to articulate the essential interconnectedness between four elements: * Christ as the foundation of Christian vocation - biblical perspectives, focusing particularly on the concepts of discipleship, emulation and charism * The way in which that vocation has developed within Christian tradition - historical perspectives focusing on two Religious Orders, the Salesians of Don Bosco and the Sisters of Mercy. * Current conversations in the academy concerning teaching as a vocation - contemporary perspectives including the notion of spiritual capital, the sacramental perspective, a renewed focus on interiority, vocation as a convergence between self and service and current challenges to the concept of teaching as a vocation. * Vocation demonstrated in the perceptions and motivations of practitioners - quantitative and qualitative research. The former involved in-depth interviews with twelve practitioners encompassing a wide range of ages and stages of career progression. The interviews were patterned in three stages: personal religious commitment. Quantitative research was introduced in an attempt to corroborate the findings emergent from both the critical retireval of literature and the in-depth interviews. The research findings were then analysed in the light of the literature review and this was followed by a chapter in which conclusions were reached, structured around the principal elements of both the literature review and the empirical research. Based on these conclusions, a series of recommendations are put forward, focusing primarily on the maintenance of formation programmes both at Diocesan and Relitious Order level, the challenge to address the complementary aspects of Chrsitain vocation such as family commitments in the context of teaching, then explore futher what might be meant by 'integrity of life'. The thesis concludes strongly that the notion of commitment permeates the empirical evidence to the extent that it echoes that of the first disciples of Jesus and the pioneers within Religious Orders who constituted "an example of the unreserved and gratuitous "gift" of self to the service of others in the spirit of their religious consecration." (Congregation for Catholic Education: 1997).