Several Langmuir probe voltage sweeps by a model of the ESA spacecraft Rosetta was simulated in a plasma with solar wind parameters using the ESA open source software SPIS 5. The simulations were carried out to in- vestigate the features of the spacecraft’s environment in the solar wind and the effect of photoemission from the spacecraft surface on the measurements made by the Langmuir probes on board Rosetta. We report a best fit to an existing probe sweep result in the solar wind near the Earth at 1 AU from 9 Nov 2009 for a 4 million particle simulation in SPIS of an 8 V positively charged spacecraft with the following parameters: Tph = 2 eV, Te = 12 eV, Ti = 5 eV, ne = 5 cm−3. We also report that the spacecraft is shielding the Langmuir probes on Rosetta from plasma electrons, and particularly low energy electrons. In one instance, this blocking is shown to lead to an over- estimation of solar wind electron temperature by 12% and underestimate the plasma density by 24% by the Langmuir Probe for a +10 V charged spacecraft in ne= 5 cm−3, Te = 12 eV solar wind. Two models used in lit- erature on photoemission, one for isotropical emission from a plane and the other for radial emission from a point, was used and compared. We report a clear preference to the approximation of a Maxwellian energy distribution of photoelectrons emitted radially from a point source model with our sim- ulation result on the Langmuir Probe aboard Rosetta. We also report the solar aspect angle dependence on the plasma potential and plasma density result, which are in overall agreement with Rosetta measurements from the second Earth fly-by.

<p><strong>Purpose/Aim: </strong>The purpose of this paper is to describe how a number of strategically selected employees at the Swedish Institute, with the purpose to promote Sweden in the world, look at the challenges facing Sweden concerning nation branding in the new era of cooperation within the European Union. I examine how these people look upon the work of public diplomacy and nation branding in order to actively participate and influence the EU's common communications platform.</p><p><strong>Material/Method: </strong>The method used in this thesis is qualitative interviews. The reason why I chose this method is because I consider it to be the most appropriate in order to collect information about how these selected employees at the Swedish institute regard the challenges that lay ahead in terms of nation branding within the European Union.</p><p><strong>Main results: </strong>On the basis of the results I have gained by dint of the analysis, it can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to take the societal changes, which are a result both of the worldwide globalization and the EU cooperation, into consideration when designing a future communication strategy for the Swedish Institute. The nation-state continues to play an important role in Sweden, but its importance is declining as the EU cooperation is progressing. The citizens’ identity plays a crucial role in designing a nation’s communications strategy, and from the analysis I conclude that we move not from a Swedish to a European identity, but towards a pluralistic union where multiple identities meet under one umbrella; the EU.</p>

Title: To sell the country of Lagom: a study of the Swedish Institute’s re-branding of Sweden and impact on the swedish citizens Authors: Rebecca Dahl &amp; Ellinor Thungren Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to study the Swedish Institute’s branding of Sweden. We have explored if the branding is consistent with the picture that Swedes generally have of themselves and Sweden, and also looked at which consequences differences in this picture may have. Method/Material: Semiotic analysis and interview Main Results: The results of the thesis shows that SI’s branded image of Sweden agree with the picture that Swedes have of themselves and Sweden. However, there are some points where these two images differ, which may have impact on the population's self-image. Number of pages: 55 Course: Media and Communication studies C Department: Department of Informatics and Media University: Uppsala University Period: Autumn semester 14 Tutor: Anne-Marie Morhed

Purpose/Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe how a number of strategically selected employees at the Swedish Institute, with the purpose to promote Sweden in the world, look at the challenges facing Sweden concerning nation branding in the new era of cooperation within the European Union. I examine how these people look upon the work of public diplomacy and nation branding in order to actively participate and influence the EU's common communications platform. Material/Method: The method used in this thesis is qualitative interviews. The reason why I chose this method is because I consider it to be the most appropriate in order to collect information about how these selected employees at the Swedish institute regard the challenges that lay ahead in terms of nation branding within the European Union. Main results: On the basis of the results I have gained by dint of the analysis, it can be concluded that it is of utmost importance to take the societal changes, which are a result both of the worldwide globalization and the EU cooperation, into consideration when designing a future communication strategy for the Swedish Institute. The nation-state continues to play an important role in Sweden, but its importance is declining as the EU cooperation is progressing. The citizens’ identity plays a crucial role in designing a nation’s communications strategy, and from the analysis I conclude that we move not from a Swedish to a European identity, but towards a pluralistic union where multiple identities meet under one umbrella; the EU. / <p>Författaren heter numera Michelle Bornestad. 131003</p>

The Swedish Institute is a public agency promoting Swedish interest, national image and confidence around the world. This work attempts to investigate how communication and a process over time influences and effects public diplomacy. The analytic discussion is based on a single case study research of this Institute representing ideas in the international science field of public diplomacy. The theoretical ideas of public diplomacy are placed in a theoretical perspective of social constructivism. The method is qualitative, with excerpts taken from interviews, literature, newspapers, articles, state public reports and social media. The work adopts a discourse analytic approach, aiming to uncover the structure of public diplomacy by using three analytic tools: soft power, nation branding and cultural diplomacy. The presented analysis and examples suggest a close collaboration between researchers and practitioners can lead to a coherent theory of public diplomacy. The result identifies promising directions as well as weakness and gaps in existing knowledge. The work promotes an analytic tool “korstryck” for theorize and conceptualize the discussion of public diplomacy. A strategy of today requires three fundamental components: power, diplomacy and communication. The challenge in public diplomacy is the balance between public opinion, public foreign policy and global networks of communication. The paper aims to open doors for further scientific works are needed in the searching for a theory of public diplomacy.

The aim of this study is to explore the Study in Sweden Facebook page, particularly about the use of nation branding identity and its representation on the social media channel during the period for application promotion for Swedish higher education institutions for Autumn semester 2018. Facebook page has been used as a centre for international marketing activities. With the purpose of promoting brand identity and the brand products, Facebook page has a significance as an online brand platform. Despite the importance of nation branding on online channel, few studies focusing on online channels for nation branding were conducted. Study in Sweden. The Study in Sweden Facebook page is used to promote Swedish higher education and Sweden, which also aims to imprint a positive image of Swedish education and Sweden as a country. Applying nation branding theoretical approach with qualitative content analysis, how nation branding identity is represented on the Study in Sweden Facebook page was investigated. In accordance with cultural approaches to nation branding, nation branding identity was labelled as binders of the imagined community further values of the nation. The study brought a focus on the relations between national identity and Swedishness concerning the core values of the nation. Facebook was investigated as communicator of the nation branding for representing the core values of Sweden.

Thesis (DTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / Ultrasonic Velocity Profiling (UVP) is both a method and a device to measure an instantaneous one-dimensional velocity profile along a measurement axis by using Doppler echography. UVP is an ideal technique since it is non-invasive, works with opaque systems, inexpensive, portable and easy to implement relative to other velocity profile measurement methods. Studies have suggested that the accuracy of the measured velocity gradient close to wall interfaces need to be improved. The reason for this is due to, depending on the installation method, distortion caused by cavities situated in front of ultrasonic transducers, measurement volumes overlapping wall interfaces, refraction of the ultrasonic wave as well as sound velocity variations. A new ultrasonic transducer, which incorporates a delay line material optimised for beam forming could reduce these problems (Wiklund, 2007). If these could be addressed, UVP could be used for the measurement of velocity profiles in complex geometries (e.g. contractions, valves, bends and other pipe fittings) where the shape of the velocity profile is critical to derive models for estimating fluid momentum and kinetic energy for energy efficient designs. The objective of this research work was to optimise the UVP system for accurate complex flow measurements by evaluating a specially designed delay line transducer and implementing advanced signal processing techniques. The experimental work was conducted at the Material Science and Technology (MST) group at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). This work also formed part of a collaborative project with SIK - The Swedish Institute for Food and Biotechnology. Acoustic characterisation of the ultrasonic transducers using an advanced robotic setup was done at SI K. Different concentrations of the following non-Newtonian fluids exhibiting different rheological characteristics were used for testing: carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions, kaolin and bentonite suspensions. Water was used for calibration purposes.

Abstract In the heart of Paris, you will find Sweden‟s only cultural center abroad. Since the early 70‟s a wealth of cultural activities has been offered, and every year the center receives more than 100,000 visitors. The center is a branch of the Swedish Institute (Si), a public authority which promotes mutual relationships between Sweden and other countries through culture, education, science and business. The overall mission of Si is to increase the interest and trust in Sweden, and to manage and evaluate the public image of Sweden abroad. This study aims to reveal to what extent the Swedish Institute in Paris influences Sweden‟s public image among its visitors. Thus, the study analyses if activities within the field of cultural diplomacy can be seen as a means, in the purpose of reinforcing a nation‟s brand. During a two week period, about 140 visitors to the exhibition "Tio fotografer" at the Swedish Institute in Paris responded to a statistical survey, which examined whether their visit had in anyway influenced their images and perceptions of Sweden. The design of the questionnaire was partly inspired by Simon Anholt‟s „Nation Brands Index‟ analysis method, which is used to evaluate a country‟s image abroad. The results from the survey show that the image of Sweden, by a majority of these visitors, has become more positive thanks to the Swedish Institute.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study is to analyze how the Swedish company VisitSweden and The Swedish institute creates an image of Sweden and what that image looks like? And also to compare their goals and their ways of present Sweden to find out how that contributes to the images of Sweden. The method for this analyze is chosen from the work and theories of Norman Fairclough called “critical discourse analyze.” The analysis focuses on the text and how the text is created and if the author’s opinions are hidden in the words. The method can be applied in many ways. I choose to focus on is what kind of themes the author presents in the text and what meaning the author gives the themes. The other one I focused on is how the author addresses the reader of the text trough the choice of words and sentences. The third one is analyzing how the author says thing in the text, if the author agrees with certain statements ore if the author takes a very authoritarian expression in the way of telling things to the readers, which is taken from the work of Roger Fowlers. The material used in the analyzing parts is taken from books concerning discourse analyze. More material is taken from interviewing several employees in VisitSweden and the Swedish institute. The main result of the essay is that the image of Sweden is depending on which company who presents it and their individual goals. The main thing is that Sweden is more and more becoming a brand and that the companies want to sell that brand in different ways.</p><p>Number of pages: 45</p><p>Course: Media and Communication Studies C</p><p>Period: Fall 2006/2007</p><p>University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University</p><p>___________________________________________</p><p>Key words:</p><p>The image of Sweden, the Swedish institute, VisitSweden, critical discourse analyze, Sweden as a brand, selling a country, goals to make PR for a country, how to present a country to foreigners.</p>

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze how the Swedish company VisitSweden and The Swedish institute creates an image of Sweden and what that image looks like? And also to compare their goals and their ways of present Sweden to find out how that contributes to the images of Sweden. The method for this analyze is chosen from the work and theories of Norman Fairclough called “critical discourse analyze.” The analysis focuses on the text and how the text is created and if the author’s opinions are hidden in the words. The method can be applied in many ways. I choose to focus on is what kind of themes the author presents in the text and what meaning the author gives the themes. The other one I focused on is how the author addresses the reader of the text trough the choice of words and sentences. The third one is analyzing how the author says thing in the text, if the author agrees with certain statements ore if the author takes a very authoritarian expression in the way of telling things to the readers, which is taken from the work of Roger Fowlers. The material used in the analyzing parts is taken from books concerning discourse analyze. More material is taken from interviewing several employees in VisitSweden and the Swedish institute. The main result of the essay is that the image of Sweden is depending on which company who presents it and their individual goals. The main thing is that Sweden is more and more becoming a brand and that the companies want to sell that brand in different ways. Number of pages: 45 Course: Media and Communication Studies C Period: Fall 2006/2007 University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University ___________________________________________ Key words: The image of Sweden, the Swedish institute, VisitSweden, critical discourse analyze, Sweden as a brand, selling a country, goals to make PR for a country, how to present a country to foreigners.