Submitted by Danilo Nascimento Lima (danilo.n.lima@unesp.br) on 2018-09-17T20:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ultima Versão Dissertação - Versão Repositório.pdf: 1026970 bytes, checksum: d67fdab1da95a59fdff8267d2911cfc0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-09-18T12:13:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_dn_me_bauru.pdf: 937958 bytes, checksum: 5a584edfc20b3b204c6bb1d42147acf4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-18T12:13:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_dn_me_bauru.pdf: 937958 bytes, checksum: 5a584edfc20b3b204c6bb1d42147acf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-05 / Resiliência é a capacidade da cadeia de suprimentos de sofrer impactos ou rupturas e se reconfigurar de forma eficiente para atender as demandas do mercado. Estas cadeias estão expostas a perturbações, que podem ser classificadas em de alto impacto, causadas por furacões e terremotos, por exemplo, ou de baixo impacto como problemas de transporte, sazonalidade, falta de flexibilidade, instabilidade produtiva ou indisponibilidade temporária de insumos que ocasiona em interrupções no fornecimento aos participantes seguintes e impacta suas operações. A construção de mecanismos de avaliação da resiliência auxilia no equacionamento destes desequilíbrios na distribuição de bens e produtos, minimizando reflexos negativos para a cadeia e seus participantes. Este trabalho visa construir um índice composto de resiliência de uma cadeia de suprimentos sugerindo uma forma de ponderação e agregação que permitam identificar o nível de a preparação das cadeias de suprimentos em lidar com interrupções e impactos. O método adotado partiu do levantamento bibliográfico de dimensões com o objetivo de propor um framework e o levantamento de indicadores encontrados na literatura, que foram avaliados por meio de painel de especialistas. O painel selecionou quais indicadores melhor mensuram as dimensões e determinou os pesos para construção do índice composto. Os resultados apontam para um Índice Composto que concatenou doze dimensões e trinta e três indicadores, sendo mais abrangente que publicações anteriores. Os avanços são a contribuição para um campo de estudo com baixo número de publicações e a participação de especialistas na construção de um IC mais aderente as necessidades dos stakeholders. As limitações identificadas neste trabalho são o número de dimensões encontradas na pesquisa realizada na base de dados, que possivelmente não abarca toda a gama de possibilidades do conceito de resiliência. / Resilience is the ability of the supply chain to undergo impacts or ruptures and to efficiently reconfigure itself to meet the demands of the market. These chains are exposed to disturbances, which can be classified as high impact, caused by hurricanes and earthquakes, for example, or low impact such as transport problems, seasonality, lack of flexibility, productive instability or temporary unavailability of inputs interruptions in supplying the following participants and impacts their operations. The construction of mechanisms to evaluate resilience helps in the equation of these imbalances in the distribution of goods and products, minimizing negative effects on the chain and its participants. This paper aims to construct a composite index of resilience of a supply chain suggesting a form of weighting and aggregation that allows identifying the level of the preparation of the supply chains in dealing with interruptions and impacts. The method adopted was based on the bibliographic survey of dimensions with the objective of proposing a framework and the survey of indicators found in the literature, which were evaluated through a panel of experts. The panel selected which metrics best measure the dimensions and determined the weights for constructing the composite index. The results point to a composite index that concatenated twelve dimensions and thirty three indicators, being more comprehensive than previous publications. The advances are the contribution to a field of study with low number of publications and the participation of specialists in the construction of an IC more adherent to the needs of the stakeholders. The limitations identified in this work are the number of dimensions found in the database research, which may not cover the full range of possibilities of the concept of resilience.

Cette thèse examine le phénomène de la compétitivité territoriale selon la Nouvelle économie géographique (NEG). Tandis que nous pensons que la compétitivité régionale est la capacité des territoires à attirer les facteurs de production mobiles, ce sujet revêt une importance accrue dans une économie mondialisée. La thèse est structurée de la manière suivante : le premier chapitre tente de positionner le débat dans le cadre de la NEG. Après avoir opté pour une vision théorique du problème, dans le chapitre 2 nous orienterons le débat vers la création d’une nouvelle définition, qui servira de fondement à la partie empirique. Le troisième chapitre propose un indice composite pour les régions européennes. Il discute des choix territoriaux, temporels, méthodologiques et conceptuels, tout en présentant et interprétant les résultats à la lumière de la NEG. Les résultats de ce chapitre posent surtout la question du lien entre la compétitivité des régions et la croissance des pays, et c’est donc pour cela que nous présenterons de façon détaillée le rôle des politiques de gestion de ce processus. / This thesis examins the phenomenon of the territorial competitiveness by using optics of the New Economic Geography (NEG). While we think that the regional competitiveness is the capacity of a local economy to attract mobile factors of production, this subject has an increasing importance within a globalized economy. The thesis is structured as follows. The first chapter represents an attempt to position the debate within the framework of NEG. After having chosen a theoretical perspective, in the second chapter we narrow the debate towards the creation of a new definition used as platform for the empirical part. Against this backdrop, the third chapter provides a novel index of regional competitiveness for European regions, a discussion on territorial, temporal and methodological choices, while presenting and interpreting the results in the light of NEG. The results of this chapter question especially the links between territorial competitiveness and national growth rate, and which is why we are discussing in a more detailed fashion the role of policies in managing these processes.

Yes / This study proposes an optimisation-based “benefit-of-the-doubt” (BoD) methodological framework for developing a new multidimensional index of bank stability. The proposed index has the ability to serve as a potent policy tool that overcomes the downsides of accounting- and market-based measures of bank stability. This data-driven approach generates endogenous weights for aggregating bank stability indicators and dimensions. Further, we integrate the BoD framework with a metafrontier approach, which we call a “meta-BoD framework”. The final outcomes of the suggested framework go beyond a scalar measure of bank stability and provide the unique weighting matrix that offers valuable policy-relevant insights about the most precarious areas of stability that require the attention of management and regulators for both micro- and macro-level policy interventions. In addition, it draws insightful information about the instability gaps across heterogenous bank groups. The study presents an illustrative example of the proposed framework to obtain a bank stability index using the dataset of 76 Indian banks operating between 2014 and 2018. The bank stability index is made up of 14 financial ratio indicators covering five dimensions of stability: asset quality, management efficiency, capital adequacy, profitability and liquidity. The findings offer the detailed information required for comprehending the evolution of bank stability and assessing instability gaps across bank groups.

Inequalities in levels of health between regions within a country are frequently regarded as a problem. Zimbabwe is characterised by poor and unequal conditions of health (both the state of people‘s health and health services). The health system of the country shows severe spatial inequalities that are manifested at provincial, district and even local levels. The current research therefore examines and analyses the spatial inequalities and temporal variation of health conditions in Zimbabwe. Composite indices were used to determine the people‘s state of health in Zimbabwe. Administrative districts were ranked according to the level of people‘s state of health. Cluster analysis was also performed to demarcate administrative districts according the level of health service provision. Districts with minimum difference were demarcated in a single cluster. Clusters were delineated using data on patterns of diseases and health and such clusters were used to demarcate the country‘s spatial health system according to the Adapted Epidemiological Transition Model. This was meant to evaluate the applicability of the model to Zimbabwe. It emerged from the research that generally the country‘s health conditions are poor and the health system is characterised by severe spatial inequalities. Some districts are experiencing poor health service provision and serious health challenges and are still in the age of pestilence and famine but others have good health service provision as well as highly developed health conditions and are in the age of degenerative and man-made diseases of the epidemiological transition model. It further emerged that the country‘s health has been evolving with signs of improvement since the 1990s. Some proposals are made in research for spatial development of health in the country. Recommendations were made regarding possible adjustment to previous strategies and policies used in Zimbabwe, for the development of the health system of the country. New strategies were also recommended for the improvement of the health system of the country. / Geography / Ph.D. (Geography)

The objective of this thesis is to evaluate alternative weighting systems to determine if they have the potential to improve the current weighting system of the Financial Secrecy Index (FSI). The FSI, a measure of countries' contributions to global financial secrecy, currently weights its 15 qualitative components equally. A web-based opinion survey conducted in January and February 2016 among academics, journalists, experts and other persons familiar with FSI serves as the baseline for assessing new weights. The new weights derived from the survey results are not significantly different from the equal weights in 14 out of 15 components. The survey results suggest that widely held opinion is consistent with equal weight assumptions. Statistical model selection criteria from information theory that penalize model complexity prefer in majority of cases the simple model over the more complex one even though more complex model provides better goodness-of-fit statistics. Alternative methods and analysis such as Principal Components Analysis is performed and discussed. The present work finds that, statistically, the weights should not diverge from the equal weighting system in use currently. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Ein zusammengesetzter Index ist eine aggregierte Variable, die aus individuellen Indikatoren und Gewichten besteht, wobei die Gewichte die relative Wichtigkeit jedes Indikators darstellen. Zusammengesetzte Indizes werden oft benutzt um latente Phänomene zu schreiben oder komplexe Informationen zu einer geringen Anzahl an Variablen zusammenzufassen. Es ist von großer Bedeutung richtige Gewichte für die Variablen, die einen zusammengesetzten Index bilden, zu wählen. Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) ist ein populärer Ansatz um Gewichte abzuleiten, aber es ist ungeeignet, wenn informative Variationen nur kleine Varianzen der Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index haben. Deshalb schlägt diese Studie vor, Partial Least Squares (PLS) anzuwenden, welches die Beziehung zwischen Zielvariablen and den Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index ausnutzt. Unsere Simulationsstudie zeigt, dass PLS so gut wie PCA funktioniert oder erheblich es übertrifft. Zusätzlich sind in der Praxis die Variablen in einem zusammengesetzten Index häufig nicht-metrisch. Solche Variablen benötigen spezielle Verfahren, um PCA oder PLS anzuwenden. Diese Studie untersucht mehrere PCA und PLS Algorithmen für nicht-metrische Variablen in der vorliegenden Literatur und vergleicht sie durch umfangreiche Simulationsstudien, um Empfehlungen für die Praxis abzugeben. Dummy coding zeigt häufig zufriedenstellende Leistung im Vergleich zu komplizierteren Methoden. Als unsere Anwendungen betrachten wir Vermögen, Globalisierung, Geschlechtergleichheit und Korruption, indem PCA- und PLS-basierte zusammengesetzte Indizes angewendet werden. PLS erzeugt für die jeweiligen Zielvariablen massgeschnittene zusammengesetzte Indizes, die häufig bessere Leistung als PCA zeigten. Ein Vergleich zwischen PCA und PLS Gewichten und Koeffizienten zeigt, welche Variablen für die jeweiligen Zielvariablen besonders relevant sind.

The thesis deals with analysis of performance of the Chinese stock market. The first chapter presents basic general characteristics of the stock market and equity investment. The second chapter focuses on the specifics of Chinese stock market. The third, last, chapter analyzes performance of the Chinese stock market.

Efforts towards sustainable urban areas are fundamental for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals [SDGs], embodied in goal 11 of sustainable cities and communities. Sustainable urban development requires the goals to be localized and operationalized to the applied areas needs and prerequisites. Localization and operationalization of the goals has, however, proved to be difficult in a local setting. In relation, Neighbourhood Sustainability Assessment [NSA] tools are found to provide directives, metrics and indicators of community sustainability assessments, possibly appliable to provide guidance for local governance to operationalize the SDGs. This degree project aims to evaluate the possibility of SDG.11 attainment and policy operationalization at a local level through the use of an established NSA-tool, BREEAM-C. To do so, this degree project use deductive thematic analysis, with SDG.11 targets as analytical framework, to evaluate connectivity to SDG.11 of local policy documents stated to direct efforts of SDG.11 implementation and the selected NSA-tool manual. Further, a composite index of NSA-tool indicators, ranked and adapted to local intentions, is developed through an analytical hierarchy process. Overall strong connections, though variable, to SDG.11 are found for both municipal and NSA-tool intentions of urban development as well as between municipal and NSA-tool intentions. The proposed composite index for SDG.11 implementation is deemed to adequately answer to municipal intentions of SDG.11 implementation.

[pt] A seca é um dos desastres naturais mais críticos que tem efeitos devastadores sobre habitats naturais, ecossistemas e muitos setores econômicos e sociais. Devido a esses graves impactos dos eventos de seca, muitos estudos estão focados no monitoramento, previsão e análise de risco de secas para auxiliar os planos de preparação e medidas de mitigação. Esta tese propõe um sistema de monitoramento e alerta de secas na região do semiárido do Brasil, chamado Drought Risk Assessment Interface (DRAI), que se baseia em um índice composto de risco de seca. O índice de risco possui duas componentes: ameaça e vulnerabilidade. A ameaça considera indicadores meteorológicos, enquanto a vulnerabilidade considera variáveis sociais. Com base na opinião de especialistas de vários países do mundo, com mais de 10 anos de experiência na área, foi definido o peso de cada um desses indicadores usando o processo de hierarquia analítica (AHP - Analytical Hierarchy Process). Os resultados foram comparados com outros índices de seca com o intuito de validar o índice proposto. Em seguida, foram levantados os principais sistemas de monitoramento e alertas em nível nacional e internacional e, então, foi proposto um padrão para geração de alertas no DRAI. Os alertas foram associados à sete medidas de mitigação de risco de seca validadas por técnicos locais. O DRAI tem como usuário final, além de outros pesquisadores, as Defesas Civis que poderão atuar diretamente nas ações de mitigação dos riscos. Como pesquisas futuras, sugere-se a automatização da coleta dos dados que compõem o índice de ameaça bem como a aplicação do estudo para todo o território brasileiro. / [en] Drought is one of the most critical natural disasters that have devastating effects on natural habitats, ecosystems and many economic and social sectors. Due to these severe impacts of drought events, many studies are focused on monitoring, forecasting and analyzing drought risk, to help with drought preparedness plans and mitigation measures. This study presents a drought early warning system in the semiarid region of Brazil, called the Drought Risk Assessment Interface (DRAI), which is based on a composite index of meteorological drought risk. The risk index has two components: hazard and vulnerability. The hazard considers meteorological indicators while the vulnerability considers social variables. Based on the opinion of experts from several countries in the world, with more than ten years of experience in the field, we define the weight of each of these indicators using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Then, the main early warning systems at national and international level were raised and then, a standard for generating warnings in the DRAI was proposed. The warnings were associated with seven drought risk mitigation measures validated by local technicians. DRAI has as its end user, in addition to other researchers, Civil Defenses that can act directly in risk mitigation actions. Finally, the system and its main features are presented. As future research, we suggest automating the collection of data that make up the hazard index as well as applying the study to the entire Brazilian territory.

Inequalities in levels of health between regions within a country are frequently regarded as a problem. Zimbabwe is characterised by poor and unequal conditions of health (both the state of people’s health and health services). The health system of the country shows severe spatial inequalities that are manifested at provincial, district and even local levels. This research therefore examines and analyses the spatial inequalities and temporal variation of health conditions in Zimbabwe. Composite indices were used to determine the people’s state of health in Zimbabwe. Administrative districts were ranked according to the level of people’s state of health. Cluster analysis was also performed to demarcate administrative districts according the level of health service provision. Districts with minimum difference were demarcated in a single cluster. Clusters were delineated using data on patterns of diseases and health and such clusters were used to demarcate the country’s spatial health system according to the Adapted Epidemiological Transition Model. This was used to evaluate the applicability of the model to Zimbabwe. It emerged from the research that generally the country’s health conditions are poor and the health system is characterised by severe spatial inequalities. Some districts are experiencing poor health service provision and serious health challenges and are still in the age of pestilence and famine but others have good health service provision as well as highly developed health conditions and are in the age degenerative diseases of the epidemiological transition model. It further emerged that the country’s health has been evolving with signs of improvement since the 1990s. Recommendations were made regarding possible adjustment to previous strategies and policies used in Zimbabwe, for the development of the health system of the country. New strategies were also recommended for the improvement of the health system of the country. Some proposals are made for further research on the spatial development of health in the country. / Geography / D. Litt et. Phil. (Geography)