I. Synthesis of pyroglutamic acid derivatives via double Michael reactions of alkynones Pyroglutamic acids and their derivatives are common structural units of widespread chemical significance and they have been heavily utilised as building blocks for asymmetric synthesis. A new method for the synthesis of highly functionalised pyroglutamic acid derivatives, which consists in a Double Michael addition route that utilises amidetethered carbon diacids and aromatic alkynones as substrates, is here described. The reaction proceeds with good levels of trans-diastereoselectivity, provided that substoichiometric quantities of Mg(OTf)2 or Ni(acac)2 are employed. II. Michael additions combined with Friedel-Crafts cyclisations A domino Michael/Friedel-Crafts alkyation of aryl ethers with propargyl ketones was developed as a continuation of our double Michael additions. The reaction, here described, proceeds in good yield over two steps, when the aryl ethers and alkynones are treated with substoichiometric quantities of Yb(OTf)3 and heated to 100 oC in a microwave oven.

Benzenesulfonates, para-substituted with amine, chloride and methyl groups were successfully incorporated into layered double hydroxides of two different compositions, 2:1 Mg-Al LDH and 2:1 Zn-Al LDH. These parent materials were also doped with small amounts of nickel and the differences in the two systems were studied. The hexamethylenetetramine route of layered double hydroxide synthesis was investigated to verify if the mechanism is indeed homogeneous. This included attempting preparation of 2:1 Mg-Al LDH, 2:1 Zn-Al LDH and 2:1 Zn-Cr LDH with two different concentrations of hexamethylenetetramine. The analytical data of the products suggest that the homogeneous precipitation may not be the true mechanism of reaction involved in LDH synthesis by this method.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Dorivar Ruiz Diaz / The application of micronutrients to increase yields has become more popular with increased commodity prices and higher yielding crops. Two studies were completed evaluating secondary and micronutrient for soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum).The objective of the first study was to evaluate the response of soybean, under a double crop system after wheat, to soil-and foliar-applied macro and micronutrients. Macronutrients (N, P, K) were applied at 22 kg ha[superscript]-[superscript]1, micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) were soil applied at 11 kg ha[superscript]-[superscript]1and S was applied at 22 kg ha[superscript]-[superscript]1. Plant response parameters were evaluated including changes in nutrient concentration, and seed yield response. Tissue samples were collected at the respective R1 growth stage. Samples were analyzed for the nutrients applied with the fertilizer treatments. Soybean seed yield slightly responded to soil-applied S, Mn, and Zn. When micronutrients were foliar-applied, seed yield was significantly decreased. The second study evaluated the application of S and micronutrients to winter wheat. The objectives were to evaluate the wheat response to sulfur and micronutrient fertilization and evaluate soil testing and tissue analysis as diagnostic tools. Fertilizer treatments consisted of sulfur, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, copper. All of the micronutrients were sulfate-based products and the sulfur treatments were applied as gypsum. Fertilizer treatments were applied as topdress in early spring. Soil samples were collected before fertilizer application and after harvest. Flag leaf samples were collected and analyzed for the nutrients applied with the fertilizer treatments. Significant increases in tissue concentration were observed when Zn, B, and S were applied. Significant increases in soil test Zn, Cu, B, and S were observed compared to the control treatment. Despite the increases in soil test concentration across locations, no significant increases in yield by any of the nutrients or combination of nutrients were observed.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF TARUN KUMAR DONGA, for the Master of Science degree in Civil Engineering, Presented on August 29th 2017, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE INCREASE ON BUCKLING OF AXIALLY RESTRAINED BEAM-COLUMNS WITH DOUBLE CURVATURE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Aslam Kassimali, Ph.D. The main objective of this research was to study the buckling and post-buckling response of axially restrained beam-columns under thermal loading. Also the effects of slenderness ratios on pre-buckling and post-buckling behavior which is neglected in (AISC 2010 specification) for Structural Steel Buildings, was examined. The results of this study indicate that: a) The deflection and end moment amplification factors are significantly smaller for the restrained beam-columns under temperature increase than the corresponding unrestrained beam-columns under mechanical axial loads. - b) The deflection amplification and moment amplification factors tend to increase with increasing ratio of end moments. c) Thermal amplification factors, even in the pre buckling range, were found to be smaller than the AISC (2010) specification values, the difference was more significant for longer beam columns as compared to shorter ones.

Today, ever changing and advancing techniques of construction are constantly pushing the envelope of structural possibilities in the built environment. Although not new, the concept of Double-Skin Façades (DSF) finds increasing implementation with the advent of sustainable construction, aiming to reduce energy consumption to condition buildings whilst improving indoor air quality. As is the case with the traditional concept of the compartment fire, methodologies and assumptions on which our general understanding of the fire problem is based, did fundamentally not change. Inherently bound to this, is the concept of compartmentalisation, prescribing measures to avoid horizontal and vertical fire spread in buildings. A DSF, most commonly featuring a ventilated cavity between curtain wall and the secondary glass façade at an offset, is prone to drastically alter fire and smoke behaviour once able to enter. Unlike curtain walls, the chimney-like aspect ratio of such façades is able to trap fire and combustion gases within the cavity, potentially compromising the integrity of the building perimeter above the fire. The current approach to this issue tends to focus on using non-combustible construction materials and the installation of sprinkler systems to avoid breakage of window panes in the first place. Another topic of interest is the weak connection between floor slab and curtain wall which can allow vertical fire spread to adjacent floors. Research has also been discussing the use of mullions to deflect the fire plume away from the façade. Even if useful in DSF’s, aesthetics and problems with functionality will most likely prevent mullions from being introduced into the DSF. However, very little relevant research actually investigated the fire-induced flow structure under these conditions so that properly informed design decisions can be made. The project at hand aims to understand hazards to the floors above and below the fire floor by experimentally investigating the governing processes by means of large-scale fire testing and small-scale salt-water modelling (SWM). The gathered data shall serve as a basis to discuss current spandrel and cavity design decisions. Results have been compared in terms of dimensionless numbers and demonstrate complex interactions between DSF cavity width and spandrel height, encouraging a discussion about the need of further research of this topic.

In this thesis, I present the theory of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0 2 ), particularly the theory of exotic modes of 0 2 involving the emission of one or two Majorons. Alongside this, I summarise the most recent results in the experimental search for 0 2 , including limits on the rate of these exotic processes. I describe the SNO+ experiment and it's physics goals, which include the search for 0 2 . As part of the SNO+ collaboration, I have made a signi cant contribution towards the development of the data quality software that is essential for ensuring SNO+ can achieve its physics goals-including in 0 2 searches. I describe how I developed a software package that performs the high-level data quality checks. Continuing with the software theme, I then describe a python-based limit-setting and tting software package called echidna. I have been a lead developer of echidna as part of my PhD, so I describe the software in detail and how it can be used to set limits on 0 2 signals. By reproducing the sensitivity results of the KamLAND-Zen experiment, in four key Majoronemitting 0 2 modes, I verify the use of echidna as a limit-setting tool for this type of search. Finally, I present the results of a comprehensive sensitivity study, where I determine the potential sensitivity of SNO+ to the same set of Majoron-emitting modes that KamLAND-Zen and other 0 2 experiments have already investigated.

Cette thèse étudie le problème d'excentration rotorique et le défaut d'alimentation dans une Machine Asynchrone Double-Etoile. En outre, elle analyse la commande de deux machines asynchrones connectées en série ainsi que la détection de défaut d'onduleur dans ce cadre de connexion. Elle propose également une reconfiguration de commande permettant de tolérer le default détecté. Le travail débute par des méthodes de modélisation d'une machine asynchrone polyphasée excentrée. La première méthode prend en considération les harmoniques de bobinage mais néglige les effets d'encoches. La deuxième se limite au premier harmonique de bobinage mais tient compte des harmoniques d'encoches. A partir de ces deux modèles, nous avons pu caractériser analytiquement les signatures d'excentration. En simulation, les deux modèles donnent les mêmes spectres à basse fréquence. Toutefois, le deuxième modèle offre des raies supplémentaires à haute fréquence. Ces raies résultent de la combinaison de l'excentration et des harmoniques d'encoches. Nous entamons ensuite la détection de défauts d'alimentation ou d'excentration lorsque la machine double-étoile est alimentée par un onduleur. Pour éliminer le défaut de court-circuit ou le défaut d'ouverture de circuit, nous proposons à la fois une modification de la structure du convertisseur et une adaptation de l'algorithme de commande. Les résultats de simulation sont prometteurs. Les courants retrouvent le régime équilibré et la même amplitude que celle d'avant le défaut. La vitesse se stabilise à nouveau après une courte perturbation assez forte. En ce qui concerne le problème d'excentration, les prédictions analytiques se justifient même en cas d'alimentation par onduleur. Dans le cas d’une alimentation par commande vectorielle, les variables de commande peuvent également servir d'outils de diagnostic d'excentration. Enfin, nous abordons la commande découplée d'une machine hexaphasée et d’une machine triphasée connectées en série. Le découplage de la commande de deux moteurs est tout d’abord examiné analytiquement. Des tests de simulation sont ensuite effectués pour confirmer l’efficacité du découplage. Nous avons montré par simulation qu'il est aussi possible d'éliminer les perturbations dues à un défaut d'un interrupteur de puissance grâce à une structure du convertisseur et à une adaptation de l'algorithme de commande. La plupart des prédictions par simulation on été justifiées expérimentalement. / This thesis investigates various fault and detection issues in a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive including rotor eccentricity problems and inverter switch faults. In addition, the control of six-phase series-connected two-motor drives and the related fault detection and fault tolerant strategy issues are studied as well. The work starts with new modeling methods for an eccentric multiphase induction machine. The first proposed method considers only the winding harmonics and neglects the slotting effects. Then, a second method is proposed, considering the first winding harmonic and the slotting ones. From both modeling techniques, eccentricity signatures are extracted. Simulation results show that both modeling techniques provide identical spectra at low frequency; however, the second technique gives additional high frequency sidebands. These sidebands are the results of the interaction between the eccentricity and the slot harmonics. Eccentricity and inverter faults in a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive are subsequently investigated. The inverter topology and the control algorithm are reconfigured to deal with short-circuit and open circuit faults on the inverter side so that the stator currents become balanced again and reach their pre-fault magnitude. Simulation results show promising results. The speed is stabilized after a short disturbance due to the fault. Besides, analytical method has been successfully used to predict eccentricity fault, although the machine was inverter fed. Control variables have been effectively used as diagnosis tools for eccentricity fault in a vector controlled machine. Additionally, decoupled control of six-phase and three-phase machines connected in series has been investigated. Firstly, decoupling control using analytical method is predicted. Several simulations are then carried out to confirm the decoupling effectiveness. For this special drive, elimination of the disturbances due to a switch fault is also possible thanks to an appropriate converter topology and adaptation of the control algorithm. Most of simulation predictions are confirmed by experimental results.

The resin composite (RC) layering technique attempts to replicate the natural structure of teeth by using an opaque dark layer (replicating dentin) covered with a translucent layer (replicating enamel). Previous studies have confirmed that the shade of dentin and the thickness and translucency of the enamel layer are essential factors in the color of natural teeth. However, these findings have never been validated with the RC layering technique. RC layering technique provides superior esthetic results; however, the chemical composition and optical properties of RC are different than natural dentition. Hence, the color interaction between the enamel and dentin RC layers makes the color of the final restoration unpredictable. The objective of this dissertation was to determine the color interaction between the enamel and dentin layers using a unique and novel sample design: a double-layered RC with variant enamel thicknesses (0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mm) and variant dentin shades (lighter and darker shades). The study methods tested the interaction between certain shades as per manufacturers’ instructions to reproduce certain shades. Two different RC systems that are fundamentally different with regards to their shading system were tested in this study. A potential link between the color of the double layered RC samples to the VITA 3D master shade guide which has been overlooked by clinicians and researchers, have been investigated in this study. Research aims included validating the sample design we have incorporated into our studies. Furthermore, other aims investigated the double-layering techniques in comparison to their corresponding shades from the VITA classical and VITA 3D Master shade guides. The outcomes of this study are clinical recommendations on the optimal combination of dentin shades and enamel layer thicknesses to use in order to best match the color of natural teeth.