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Relação entre hipertensão arterial sistemica e desempenho cognitivo em idosos de uma comunidade / Relationship between hypertension and cognitive performance in community dwelling older adultsNucci, Fabiana Regina Chinaglia de Freitas Di 12 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Monica Sanches Yassuda / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T04:13:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Acredita-se que a hipertensão arterial esteja envolvida no declínio da capacidade cognitiva e na possível evolução para demência em pacientes idosos. Estima-se que até 60% dos idosos apresentem hipertensão arterial, tornando-os mais susceptíveis ao declínio cognitivo. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre hipertensão arterial e desempenho cognitivo em idosos não demenciados. Método: A amostra foi constituída por idosos da comunidade cadastrados em unidade básica de saúde com programa de saúde da família, selecionados através de consulta ao banco de dados de pesquisa populacional sobre envelhecimento no município de Amparo (SP). Seguindo os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 80 homens e mulheres com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, divididos em 40 hipertensos e 40 normotensos, equivalentes quanto às variáveis sócio-demográficas e de saúde, incluindo presença de comorbidades. Os testes cognitivos utilizados foram a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), os da bateria neuropsicológica Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD), Teste do Desenho do Relógio e Dígitos ordem direta e inversa. A análise estatística foi realizada através de análise de regressão logística com modelo univariado e multivariado e análise de conglomerados (cluster analysis). Resultados: As análises estatísticas não encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativa para as variáveis cognitivas entre os dois grupos. A diferença para fluência verbal aproximou-se da significância estatística (p=0.075). Discussão: Os resultados aqui encontrados podem ser explicados pela adesão desta população ao tratamento medicamentoso. Estudos longitudinais são necessários para investigar o papel da hipertensão arterial na cognição da pessoa idosa. / Abstract: Hypertension is thought be involved in cognitive decline and in the conversion to dementia among older adults. It is estimated that up to 60% of older adults have hypertension, what makes them more vulnerable to cognitive decline. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between hypertension and cognitive performance in non-demented older adults. Method: The sample was constituted by community dwelling older adults, who were registered at a public health unity, which offers regular home visits by a multidisciplinary health team. Participants were selected from the data bank from an earlier epidemiological study which included all senior citizens residing in Amparo (SP). Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 80 seniors (men and women over 60) were recruited. 40 reported having hypertension and 40 did not. Both groups were equivalent as to socio-demographic and other health variables including presence of co-morbidities. The cognitive tests included the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological battery, the Clock Drawing Test, and Digit Span Forward and Backward. Logistic regression analyses with univariate and multivariate models and cluster analyses were carried out. No significant differences were found between the two groups for cognitive variables. The difference for verbal fluency approached significance (p=0.075). Discussion: Present results may be explained by the high compliance of the studied sample to the antihypertensive drug regimen. Longitudinal studies may be needed to continue to investigate the relationship between hypertension and cognition in aging. / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia
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Relação entre osteoartrite de joelho e equilíbrio em idosas da comunidade = Relationship between knee osteoarthritis and balance in the community elderly / Relationship between knee osteoarthritis and balance in the community elderlyBarcelos, Caroline Coutinho de, 1982- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Ibsen Bellini Coimbra / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T17:23:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A osteoartrite (OA) é a enfermidade articular mais prevalente entre os idosos e pode causar incapacidades. Representa importante causa de morbidade, alto custo para o paciente e para a sociedade, além de afetar significativamente a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. O objetivo deste projeto foi estimar a influência da osteoartrite (OA) de joelhos no equilíbrio e a composição corporal do idoso. A amostra foi constituída por 94 idosas (188 joelhos) acima de 60 anos. As idosas foram submetidas a uma entrevista, radiografia de ambos os joelhos, densitometria corporal, avaliação do equilíbrio através de uma plataforma de força AMTI e antropometria; a dor no joelho foi graduada de 0 (sem dor) à 10 (dor máxima) através da Escala Visual Analógica e a caracterização da síndrome metabólica foi obtida por meio de auto relato das comorbidades. A análise dos resultados foi realizada por meio da ANOVA, regressão logística univariada e multivariada, Tukey e correlação linear de Spearman, tendo o nível de significância estabelecido em 5% (p<0,05), com 95% de intervalo de confiança. Em relação à presença ou ausência de OA no joelho as variáveis sobrepeso, obesidade (p=0,025) e dor (p<0,001) apresentaram influência estatisticamente significante; o mesmo ocorreu em relação à massa muscular e massa gordurosa (p=0,002) e OA. Durante os ensaios sobre a plataforma, a presença ou ausência de OA nos joelhos não apresentaram diferença estatística em relação ao equilíbrio estático. Quando houve manipulação da informação visual, as idosas apresentaram significância estatística para a maioria das variáveis (p=0,0007). As idosas caracterizadas com síndrome metabólica por auto relato tiveram pior desempenho nos teste de equilíbrio dinâmico. A maior massa gorda nos membros inferiores apresentou prevalência sobre a ocorrência de OA de joelhos bem como à sua gravidade; a OA, isoladamente, não interferiu no equilíbrio estático das idosas; apesar da dor ser um fator limitante, ela não interferiu nos testes / Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent joint disorder causing disability in the elderly, represents an important cause of morbidity and significantly affects quality of life, leading to high costs for both patients and society. This work aimed to identify the influence of OA in the knees in balance and body composition in elderly. The sample comprised 94 elderly individuals (188 knees; all women) over 60 years of age. The subjects were interviewed and underwent PA radiography of both knees, total body densitometry, balance assessment using an AMTI force platform and anthropometry; knee pain was graded using a visual analogue scale and characterization of the metabolic syndrome was obtained through self-report of comorbidities. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA, univariate and multivariate regression analyses, Tukey¿s test and Spearman¿s linear correlation coefficient, with a 5% significance level (p <0.05) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Overweight, obese (p = 0.025) and pain (p <0.001) variables, as well as muscle mass and fat mass (p = 0.002), showed a statistically significant influence on the presence or absence of knee OA. During platform tests, the presence or absence of knee OA showed no statistical association with static balance. When there was manipulation of visual information, elderly subjects demonstrated statistical significance for most variables (p= 0.0007). Elderly with metabolic syndrome characterized by self-report had worse performance in dynamic balance test. The results indicated that increased fat mass in the lower limbs was associated with the prevalence and severity of knee OA. OA alone did not affect the static equilibrium of elderly subjects, and although pain was a limiting factor, it did not interfere with the testing / Doutorado / Clinica Medica / Doutora em Clínica Médica
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Medidas de avaliação do medo de cair e impacto destas no equilíbrio estático, dinâmico e funcional / Valuation measures of fear of falling and impact of these in the balance static dynamic functionalMontedori, Kedma Teixeira, 1981- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Arlene Maria Valente Coimbra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T22:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O medo de cair entre idosos tem recebido destaque como um potencial problema de saúde pública, de importância equivalente a uma queda. O grande interesse no entendimento desse fenômeno se dá principalmente pelas conseqüências negativas que esse pode acarretar. O medo de cair representa uma condição multifatorial, responsável pela restrição de atividades e limitação funcional. O presente estudo, na área da saúde e qualidade de vida na velhice, tem em sua composição dois artigos que investigam o medo de cair em duas populações distintas. O objetivo do artigo um foi identificar os fatores associados ao medo de cair em idosos de comunidade. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, epidemiológico cuja amostra aleatória foi constituída por 2209 idosos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Sendo (39,67%) homens e (69,33%) mulheres. Os resultados encontrados foram: 72% dos idosos apresentaram medo de cair, 68,59% dos idosos sem histórico de quedas no último ano, apresentaram medo de cair, 85,92% dos idosos que não praticavam Atividade Física Vigorosa (AFV) apresentaram medo de cair. Os fatores de associação ao medo de cair foi composto das variáveis: sexo feminino (p <0,001; OR=2,59 95% IC 2,07-3,23), depressão Escala de Depressão Geriatrica(EDG) (p <0,001; OR=2,12 95% IC 1,56-2,88), AFV (p <0,001; OR=1,90 95% IC 1,47-2,46), necessidade de hospitalização durante o ano anterior (p=0,006; OR=1,41 95% IC 1,12-1,79), maior número de pessoas dependentes (p=0,008; OR=,905 95% IC 0,839-0,975), saúde percebida atual - ruim ou muito ruim (p=0,005; OR=2,212 95% IC 1,25-3,59), quedas no último ano (p=0,02; OR=1,34 95% IC 1,04-1,74). O objetivo do artigo dois foi identificar a influência dos parâmetros de medidas na avaliação do medo de cair e o impacto destes no equilíbrio estático, dinâmico e funcional . Esse foi um estudo transversal observacional com amostra de conveniência, composta por 147 mulheres com 60 anos e mais. A coleta de dados foi feita de maneira cega, tanto na fase de recrutamento quanto na fase da entrevista. Os resultados encontrados foram: a prevalência do medo de cair variou de 78,77 a 96,58%, a idade média foi de 74,93 ± 8,32 anos e a média de comorbidades foi de 3,50 ± 1,59 comorbidades. Houve relação de significância na comparação do medo de cair (pergunta direta) e Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (p=0,025), e medo de cair Falls Eficacy Scole -Internacional - Brasil (FES-I-Brasil) com Timed Up and Go (TUG) (p=0,012). A correlação do medo de cair (0-10) foi estatisticamente significante com TUG (p=0,0175) e BBS (p=0,042) e a correlação do medo de cair (escore total FES-I-Brasil) foi significante para TUG (p<0,001), BBS (p<0,001) e estabilometria (categoria pé direito à frente x) (p=0,045). A partir do modelo univariado, a variável escore total da FES-I-Brasil foi significativamente associada ao equilíbrio dinâmico (TUG) (p<0,001; OR1,088 95% IC 1.045-1.118) e ao equilíbrio funcional (BBS) (p<0,001; OR=1.066 95% IC 1.028-1.104) e a varível medo de cair (0-10) foi estatisticamente associada ao equilíbrio dinâmico (TUG)(p=0.014; OR=1,126 95% IC 1.024 - 1.128) . Pelos resultados da análise multivariada, o escore total da FES-I-BRASIL foi selecionado como sendo significativamente associada ao pior equilíbrio dinâmico (TUG) (p<0,001; OR=1,088) e pior equilíbrio funcional (BBS) (p<0,001; OR=1,071 95% IC 1.031 - 1.113). Conclui-se que os aspectos relacionados ao processo do envelhecimento predispõem à manifestação do medo de cair, bem como a medida escolhida para avaliar esse medo influencia nas conseqüências relativas ao equilíbrio / Abstract: The fear of falling among the elderly has received attention as a potential public health problem of comparable importance to a fall. The great interest in understanding this phenomenon is caused mainly by the negative consequences that may result. Fear of falling is a multifactorial condition responsible for the restricted activity and functional limitation. This study, in the health and quality of life in old age, has in its composition two articles that investigate the fear of falling into two distinct populations. The aim of this paper was to outline a model predictive of fear of falling through the related factors in the elderly community. It was a cross-sectional, epidemiological whose random sample consisted of 2209 individuals aged less than 60 years. As (39.67%) and men (69.33%) women. The results were: 72% of elderly people showed fear of falling, 68.59% of the elderly without a history of falls in the last year, showed fear of falling, 85.92% of the elderly who did not engage in vigorous physical activity (AFV) were afraid of falling. The predictive model of fear of falling was composed of variables: female sex (p <0.001, OR = 2.59 95% CI 2.07 to 3.23), depression (GDS) (p <0.001, OR = 2.12 95% CI 1.56 to 2.88), AFV (p <0.001, OR = 1.90 95% CI 1.47 to 2.46), need for hospitalization during the previous year (p = 0.006, OR = 1 , 41 95% CI 1.12 to 1.79), greater number of dependents (p = 0.008, OR = 905 95% CI 0.839 to 0.975), perceived health today - bad or very bad (p = 0.005, OR = 2.212 95% CI 1.25 to 3.59), falls in the past year (p = 0.02, OR = 1.34 95% CI 1.04 to 1.74). Article 2 The aim was to identify the influence of measurement parameters in the assessment of fear of falling and the impact of static balance, dynamic and functional. This was an observational cross-sectional study with a convenience sample composed of 147 women aged 60 and over. Data collection was done blindly, both at recruitment and during the interview. The results were: the prevalence of fear of falling ranged from 78.77 to 96.58%, the mean age was 74.93 ± 8.32 years and mean comorbidity was 3.50 ± 1.59 comorbidities. There was significant relationship to compare the fear of falling (direct question) and BBS (p = 0.025), and fear of falling Falls Eficacy Scale - Internacional - Brasil (FES-I-Brazil), TUG (p = 0.012). The correlation between fear of falling (0-10) was statistically significant with Timed Up Go (TUG) (p = 0.0175) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (p = 0.042) and the correlation of fear of falling (FES-I total score, Brazil) was significant for TUG ( p <0.001), BBS (p <0.001) and stabilometry (category right foot x) (p = 0.045). From the univariate model, the variable total score of the FES-I-Brazil was significantly associated with the dynamic balance (TUG) (p <0.001; OR1, 088 95% CI 1045-1118) and the functional balance (BBS) (p < 0.001, OR = 1,066 95% CI 1028-1104) and varível fear of falling (0-10) was statistically associated with the dynamic balance (TUG) (p = 0.014, OR = 1.126 95% CI 1024 to 1128). The results of the multivariate analysis, the total score of the FES-I-BRAZIL has been selected as being significantly associated with worse dynamic balance (TUG) (p <0.001, OR = 1.088) and worse functional balance (BBS) (p <0.001, OR 95% CI = 1.071 from 1031 to 1113). We conclude that the aspects related to the aging process predispose the manifestation of fear of falling, and the measure chosen to evaluate the consequences that fear influences on the balance / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia
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Comparing Population Characteristics, Healthcare Systems and Pharmacists’ Intervention for Elderly between Brazil and United StatesMorales, Juliana Pinto, Detoni, Kirla Barbosa, Lee, Jeanne Kim, Slack, Marion January 2013 (has links)
Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: The purpose of this study is to compare population characteristics and health care systems between Brazil and United States, learn with each country’s strengths and weaknesses what could be done to improve health delivery and quality of service, as well as to compare the role of the pharmacist in the health organization and the power of the intervention for elderly. Furthermore, there are no published studies that compare these two countries in these related topics, what reinforces the significance of the study.
Methods: To compare the Brazilian and American healthcare systems and population characteristics we used specific databases to find the data, such as WHO, CDC, OECD, DataSUS and others. To compare pharmacists’ intervention we analyzed published studies conducted in elderly, for Brazil we did a bibliographic search in Medline/PubMed, Scielo and LILACS, and for U.S. we used a systematic review and meta-analyses by Lee et al. The data was summarized in three tables, one comparing population characteristics, a second comparing the healthcare systems and the third, comparing pharmacists’ roles.
Main Results: The population of the United States is about 1.6 times larger than the Brazilian population and with a median age of 36 years against 32.1 years, American population is older. Also, there are more adults aged 65 years or older in U.S. (13.1%) than in Brazil (6.8%). Life expectancy is longer in the U.S. (78.7 against 73.2 years) but there are higher levels of chronic disease among elderly. Much less is spent on health care in Brazil, $990 per capita versus $8362 per capita in U.S. The percent of total health expenditures by each government is about the same, 47% for Brazil and 48% for U.S. According to published data, pharmacists’ activities, practice settings and outcomes measured are more robust in the U.S.
Conclusion: Brazil spends much less than the U.S. on health care with small differences in life expectancy and with lower levels of chronic disease. Although United States spends more with healthcare, it does not mean that it has the best system. In the same way, only because Brazil has a public health national coverage, it does not mean that all population needs are met. There is more published data available on American pharmacists and it seems that activities are broader in caring for older adults than in Brazil.
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Ensamhet och dess påverkan på äldres hälsa : En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt / Loneliness and their impact on the health of the elderly : A qualitative literature reviewRasho, Katrin, Kronefeld, Sylvia January 2021 (has links)
Bakgrund: Ensamhetskänslor i den senare delen av livet är ett hot mot det fysiska, psykiska och sociala välbefinnandet med allvarliga konsekvenser, vilket leder till betydande hälsoproblem med konsekvenser för social utestängning, sjuklighet, minskat välbefinnande och dödsrisk. Denna kvalitativa studie genomfördes för att skapa mer förståelse, inblick och erfarenhet hos vårdpersonal angående äldres hälsa som är påverkad av ensamhetskänslor. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva upplevelser av ensamhet och dess påverkan på hälsan hos äldre personer. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Studien bygger på tio vetenskapliga artiklar där alla artiklar kvalitetsgranskas, sedan analyserades och sammanställdes för att svara på studiens syfte. Resultat: Studiens resultat grundar sig i tre olika huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier. Upplevelse av ensamhet med underkategorierna; Ensamhet till följd av förlust, Ensamhet skapar oro och rädsla, Ensamhet som njutning. Påverkan på hälsan med underkategorierna; Psykiska konsekvenser, Fysiska konsekvenser, Sociala konsekvenser och Sjuksköterskans betydelse med underkategorierna; Främja hälsan, Uppmärksamma ensamhetskänslor. Slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisade att ensamhetskänslor hos äldre är ett hälsoproblem. Ensamheten kan uppstå av olika faktorer i samband med åldrandet. Äldre personer är extra utsatta och ensamhetskänslor har negativ påverkan på hälsa samt negativa känslor i kroppen. Det är viktigt att vårdpersonal uppmärksamma patienternas tecken på försämrad hälsa, och för informationen vidare så att anpassade insatser kan sättas in.
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Domov pro seniory / Home for the enderly peopleKopřiva, Tomáš January 2016 (has links)
The theme of diploma thesis is processing of the design documentation of a home for the elderly people in the village Benešov u Boskovic. The house with three floors is without basement. The building is operationally divided into several separate parts. The mainly part of the building is for living of elderly people. The rest of the building consists of several partial operational units. The house is designed of the construction system Porotherm. The warm flat roof is with a concrete load-bearing structure.
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Domov pro seniory / Home for the enderly peopleKocman, Alois January 2016 (has links)
The theme of diploma thesis is processing of the design documentation of a home for the elderly people in the town Blansko. The house with four floors is partly basement. The building is operationally divided into several separate parts. The mainly part of building is for living of elderly people. The rest of the building consists of several partial operational units. The house is designed of the construction system Porotherm. The pitched roof is double layer with a wooden load-bearing structure.
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Avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos em tratamento hemodialítico na cidade de Avaré/SP /Cassetari, Fabiana Aparecida Ferreira. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: José Eduardo Corrente / Banca: Tânia Ruiz / Banca: Alberto de Vitta / Resumo: As doenças crônicas são processos mórbidos de longa duração e que, apesar dos avanços médicos recentes, muitas delas ainda são incuráveis. Inclusive, a Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) está se tornando uma doença de grande impacto social, pois vem acometendo um número cada vez maior de pessoas, onde várias complicações podem ocorrer no paciente com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) devido ao tratamento hemodialítico a que são submetidos. Assim sendo, é necessário compreender o significado da hemodiálise para o doente renal crônico e também o impacto desse tratamento na vida do paciente, pois o tema "qualidade de vida do paciente renal crônico em programa de hemodiálise" ainda é pouco conhecido, divulgado e analisado, seja nacional ou internacionalmente. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes idosos com IRC em tratamento hemodialítico no setor de hemodiálise da cidade de Avaré - SP, além de avaliar o perfil sócio-demográfico dos pacientes idosos em tratamento hemodialítico no setor de hemodiálise da referida cidade, como sexo, procedência, estado civil, escolaridade, tempo de tratamento na hemodiálise e etiologia da IRC, ressaltando que o efeito da cronicidade não se resume no resultado de uma doença agindo isoladamente em um único individuo e sim em inúmeras vidas vividas sob circunstâncias especiais e limitantes, não somente do doente, mas também de outras pessoas que compõem sua rede social, envolvendo ritos de passagem de um mundo sem doença para um mundo com doença. Aplicou se o questionário SF36 contendo oito domínios e analise estatística utilizado foi o SAS for Windows 1.9.3 e utilizou de frequências e proporções para as variáveis qualitativas e média e desvio padrão para as variáveis quantitativas. Através da pesquisa realizada com os pacientes em tratamento pode-se concluir... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Chronic diseases are long-term disease processes and that, despite recent medical advances, many of them are still incurable. Including the Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is becoming a disease of great social impact, for it affects a growing number of people, where several complications can occur in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) due to hemodialysis that are submitted. It is therefore necessary to understand the meaning of hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease and the impact of such therapy in the patient's life, because the theme of "quality of life of chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis" is little known, disseminated and analyzed either nationally or internationally. Therefore, the objective is to assess the quality of life of elderly patients with CRF on hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of the city of Avare - SP, in addition to assessing the socio-demographic profile of elderly patients on hemodialysis in the hemodialysis unit of that City on sex, origin, marital status, education, treatment time in hemodialysis and etiology of CRF, stressing that the effect of chronicity is not just the result of a disease acting alone in a single individual but rather in lives lived under many circumstances special and limiting, not only the patient but also other people who make your social network, involving rites of passage from one world to a world without disease with disease. Applied the questionnaire containing eight SF36 domains and statistical analysis used was SAS for Windows 1.9.3 and used the frequencies and proportions for qualitative variables and mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. Through research conducted with patients in treatment can conclude that CRF, while non-communicable chronic disease and its treatment still for long periods, affects many aspects of life of patients, hence the importance of study and assessment of QOL of renal... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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A Descriptive Study of Selected Characteristics of Aged First Admissions to a Private Psychiatric Hospital 1959-1963Smith, Joseph Clair 01 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to provide a descriptive study of psychiatric and social variables related to aged first admissions to a private psychiatric hospital in the calendar years 1959 through 1963. The study also seeks to determine what, if any, relationship exists between background characteristics of the patients and their diagnoses. Finally, the diagnosis of the patient is compared with a series of patient outcome variables to determine the relationship, if any, between diagnosis and selected recovery variables. Due to the nature of the data used, the emphasis of the thesis is upon describing relationships rather than testing hypotheses.
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Memory and Attention in the Healthy ElderlyOrchard, Rebecca J. (Rebecca Jean) 08 1900 (has links)
This study investigated the influence of age and health status on verbal and visual memory and attention. The objective was to select subjects resembling participants in normative studies, and to contrast the genuinely healthy component with the "contaminants." A rigorous and detailed self-report of health status plus a standard neurological examination were used to screen and divide subjects into two health status groups: normal and super healthy. It was speculated that the strong effect of age on memory and attention commonly found among the elderly would be diminished with more restrictive control over health status.
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