Title: Evaluation of the number drowned people in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2010 Aim of the thesis: Evaluate the number of drowning people in the Czech republic. Methods: Searches of available sources. Collecting data from the Czech Statistical office, media, information portals. Results: All the processed data was given in the context of the current causes of drowning people in natural waters, which can not be assessed to the short time generalize. In the month of July was a positive correlation between the number of the people drowned and the temperature. Results of this work can not be compared with foreign countries and assume that the results will be the same. Keywords: Drowning, International Classificasion of Diseases, Water Rescue Service, the casuse of drowning.

Title: Evaluation of the number drowned people in the Czech Republic in the years 1994-2010 Aim of the thesis: Evaluate the number of drowning people in the Czech republic. Methods: Searches of available sources. Collecting data from the Czech Statistical office, media, information portals. Results: All processed data were given in the current context causes drowning in the Czech Republic. In this work it was found that the actual risk of drowning increases with age and is about 2,5 times higher in men than in women. There have also been some laws on the number of drowning in natural water, which can not be assessed due to the short time generalize. The month of July has been demonstrated in the period of dependence on temperature drowned Celsius. Results of this work can not be compared with other countries and assume that the results will be the same. Keywords: Drowning, International Classificasion of Diseases, Water Rescue Service, the casuse of drowning.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a atividade de atendimento ao público em uma organização onde este componente desempenhe papel estratégico. A atividade de atendimento ao público desempenha a função de intermediação entre os usuários dos serviços prestados e os objetivos da organização, e acontece a partir da integração de diversos atores e fatores que interagem para que aconteça. O referencial teórico da Ergonomia adotado na pesquisa permite identificar o relacionamento dos intervenientes no processo de trabalho, considerando os aspectos relativos ao trabalhador, ao destinatário do serviço e à organização. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida junto ao atendimento prestado ao cidadão pelo Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, através da Central 193, realizado na cidade de São Paulo. Foram estudados os aspectos relativos à organização do trabalho, ao envolvimento e comprometimento dos trabalhadores, a percepção que estes têm de sua atividade e como são executadas as tarefas propostas nas condições disponibilizadas. A partir do relacionamento dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo com a estrutura conceitual elaborada, foram analisados os fatores que contribuem para tornar uma central de atendimento ao público uma área estratégica na organização, identificando as condições de organização e de ambiente de trabalho que favorecem sua valorização. / The goal in this research is study the activity of customer service in an organization where this component performs a strategic role. The activity of the public attendance fulfills the function of intermediary between the services users and the organizational objectives, and it happens through the integration of various actors and factors that interact to make it happen. This activity has great potential for the organization, but to generate value, needs to be recognized as a strategic area. The theoretical framework adopted in the research of Ergonomics allows identifying the relationship of all stakeholders in the process of work, considering the aspects of the workers, of the consumers and the organization. The field research was developed with the care provided to citizens by the Fire Department of the Military Police of São Paulo, through Central 193, carried out in São Paulo. We studied aspects of the organization of work, the involvement and commitment of workers, the perception they have of their activity and how these tasks are performed under the conditions provided. From the relationship of the data obtained in fieldwork with the conceptual framework elaborated, analyzed the factors that contribute to making a central customer service a strategic area in the organization, identifying the conditions of organization and work environment that promote their valorization.

The thesis deals with the psychosocial assistance and the entire complex of associated activities which have become a standard in helping people who have been affected by extraordinary events, critical situations and by the actions which are connected with the protection of people. The activities have become the standard in daily work of members of the Fire Rescue Service of South Bohemian Region, as well as of some other institutions, which are parties of the integrated rescue system, during their cooperation and joint intervention. Extraordinary events of various intensity, frequency and extent affect lives of people. The state creates various tools and measures and strives to be ready for harmful effects of these phenomena, address them effectively and minimize their impact. The Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic is the guarantor in this field; its work is based on Act No. 320/2015 Coll., On Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, as amended. The main task of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic is, among others, to protect lives and health of citizens of the Czech Republic. To fulfil its mission, the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic also provides psychosocial assistance to affected people during performing their rescue and relief activities. In that way, the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic develops its care and responds to overall needs of the citizens of the Czech Republic. Such an offer to citizens is expanded even further during joint interventions of more parties of the integrated rescue system. Act no. 239/2000 Coll., On the Integrated Rescue System, as amended, sets the possibilities of coordination and the broad platform of collaboration and cooperation with other important governmental and nongovernmental organizations and institutions. The aim of my thesis was to evaluate the entire complex of activities of psychosocial assistance to people affected by exceptional events. Having known the theoretical sources and especially after the subsequent evaluation of my qualitative research, I wanted to make some suggestions and recommendations for changes and improvements in providing psychosocial assistance. I have formulated five research questions which reflect the full scope of the examined issues. The thesis is divided into two parts: a standard theoretical part and a practical part. The theoretical part includes the research and analysis of scientific literature and related laws which deal with the tasks of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic, psychological services, parties of the integrated rescue system and primarily with the psychosocial assistance. The practical part implements the tried and tested qualitative survey, which has been carri

The Regulation No. 1907/2006 on registration, evaluation, authorisation and restriction of chemical substances and on establishment of the European Chemicals Agency, the so-called REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical substances) came into effect on 1 June 2007. The purpose of the Regulation has been to ensure safe functioning of the market with chemical substances and preparations and protection of human health and environment against effects of toxic substances. After a complete implementation of the Regulation the only substances and preparations produced and used in the European Union will be those with known toxicological properties, including data about their impact on the health of future generations. The thesis focuses on the description of the REACH Regulation, schedule of its implementation and its potential benefits for the improved effectiveness of rescue and liquidation works performed by members of the Integrated Rescue Service (IZS). Due to very limited sources available at the early stage of REACH implementation, the method selected for the work was consultations with experts directly specializing in the REACH legislation, managers of pharmaceutical or chemical companies managing work with toxic substances and IZS members. Expert opinions have been collected about the legislation process and about the situation in the industry. The Fire Rescue Service uses databases Medis Alarm, Rozex Alarm, TEREX and Trins for planning and implementation of its interventions. In 2013 {--} 2020 I expect bigger quantities of data obtained within the REACH framework to be transmitted into those databases; in that period it will be necessary for the IZS members to become familiar with REACH and with the implemented methods of transmission of toxicological data and to be able to critically evaluate available databases when planning an intervention under conditions of a potential threat posed by toxic substances to the health of IZS members, to the population in the surroundings and to the environment. I recommend to start teaching REACH as a topic at specialized schools so that future graduates are familiar with REACH at least theoretically.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estudar a atividade de atendimento ao público em uma organização onde este componente desempenhe papel estratégico. A atividade de atendimento ao público desempenha a função de intermediação entre os usuários dos serviços prestados e os objetivos da organização, e acontece a partir da integração de diversos atores e fatores que interagem para que aconteça. O referencial teórico da Ergonomia adotado na pesquisa permite identificar o relacionamento dos intervenientes no processo de trabalho, considerando os aspectos relativos ao trabalhador, ao destinatário do serviço e à organização. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida junto ao atendimento prestado ao cidadão pelo Corpo de Bombeiros da Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo, através da Central 193, realizado na cidade de São Paulo. Foram estudados os aspectos relativos à organização do trabalho, ao envolvimento e comprometimento dos trabalhadores, a percepção que estes têm de sua atividade e como são executadas as tarefas propostas nas condições disponibilizadas. A partir do relacionamento dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo com a estrutura conceitual elaborada, foram analisados os fatores que contribuem para tornar uma central de atendimento ao público uma área estratégica na organização, identificando as condições de organização e de ambiente de trabalho que favorecem sua valorização. / The goal in this research is study the activity of customer service in an organization where this component performs a strategic role. The activity of the public attendance fulfills the function of intermediary between the services users and the organizational objectives, and it happens through the integration of various actors and factors that interact to make it happen. This activity has great potential for the organization, but to generate value, needs to be recognized as a strategic area. The theoretical framework adopted in the research of Ergonomics allows identifying the relationship of all stakeholders in the process of work, considering the aspects of the workers, of the consumers and the organization. The field research was developed with the care provided to citizens by the Fire Department of the Military Police of São Paulo, through Central 193, carried out in São Paulo. We studied aspects of the organization of work, the involvement and commitment of workers, the perception they have of their activity and how these tasks are performed under the conditions provided. From the relationship of the data obtained in fieldwork with the conceptual framework elaborated, analyzed the factors that contribute to making a central customer service a strategic area in the organization, identifying the conditions of organization and work environment that promote their valorization.

och förbundsbildningar inom kommunal räddningstjänst har blivit ett vanligt förekommande fenomen där den fortsatta utvecklingen pekar mot flera sammanslagningar i framtiden. Från både uttalanden och studier framkommer bland annat att effektivitet anses vara en orsak till dessa förbundsbildningar inom räddningstjänsten. Men kan en del av effektivisering av räddningstjänsten verkligen uppfyllas genom sammanslagningar och förbundsbildningar eller är detta enbart en föreställning som kommuner önskar att uppnå? Studiens syfte är att beskriva, analysera och jämföra effektiviteten mellan Sveriges räddningstjänster. Studien anses befinna sig i det produktionsteorietiska perspektivet och därför kommer den att främst utgå ifrån litteratur som kopplar samman organisationer med produktivitet och effektivitet där teorin kring data envelopment analys (DEA) varit i fokus. Metoden utgår från ett positivistiskt perspektiv med fokus på mätbara kunskaper. Studiens design är utformad som en tvärsnittsstudie med ett deskriptiv och retroaktivt perspektiv där ett sambandsmönster studeras med ett tolkningsperspektiv. Vidare bygger studien på datavariabler, från två olika databaser, samt för ett specifikt år, nämligen 2019. Studiens resultat anger att ett genomsnittligt effektivitetstal, för alla de observerade organisationerna i de tre modellerna, är 90,1 procent vilket innebär att de studerade organisationerna har en gemensam ineffektivitet på cirka 10 procent. Vidare visar resultatet att de räddningstjänster som presterar det högsta medelvärdet, från de tre modellerna, är alla räddningstjänster i egen regi men att det inte finns något räddningstjänstförbund bland de 20 högst presterande organisationerna. Slutsatsen är att det går att urskilja ett mönster att det inte finns något som direkt tyder på att sammanslagningar och förbundsbildningar inom räddningstjänsten är effektivare än räddningstjänster organiserade i egen regi. Kunskapsmässigt bidrar studien till forskning som betraktar räddningstjänstorganisationer i ett större sammanhang, och specifikt utifrån ett produktionsteoretiskt perspektiv med förhoppningen att inspirera till ytterligare studier av räddningstjänsten ur flera olika perspektiv. / Mergers and unions in municipal emergency services have become a common phenomenon, with further developments pointing to more mergers in the future. As both statements and studies show, among other things, that efficiency is a cause of these mergers in the civil protection sector. But can part of the efficiency of civil protection really be fulfilled through mergers and unions, or is this just a concept or a kind of illusion that municipalities want to achieve? The purpose of the study is to describe, analyze and compare the effectiveness between Sweden's emergency services. The study is considered to be in the production theory perspective and therefore will mainly be based on literature that connects organizations with productivity and efficiency where the theory of data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been in focus. The method is based on a positivistic perspective with a focus on measurable knowledge. The design of the study is designed as a cross-sectional study with a descriptive and retroactive perspective where a correlation pattern is studied with an interpretation perspective. Furthermore, the study is based on data variables, from two different databases, and for a specific year, namely 2019. The study results indicate that an average efficiency rate, for all the observed organizations in the three models, is 90.1 percent, which means that the organizations studied have a common inefficiency of about 10 percent. Furthermore, the results show that the civil protection organizations presenting the highest average, from the three models, are all civil protection services organized on their own, but that there is no civil protection association among the 20 highest performing organizations. The conclusion is that it is possible to distinguish a pattern that there is no direct indication that mergers and federal formations in civil protection are more effective than civil protection organizations organized on their own. In terms of knowledge, the study contributes to research that considers civil protection organizations in a larger context, and specifically from a production theoretic perspective with the hope of inspiring further studies of the emergency services from several different perspectives.

Bakgrund: Vid en allvarlig händelse krävs det att ambulanssjukvården, räddningstjänsten och polisen samverkar för att nå bästa möjliga utfall vid arbetet i skadeområdet. Arbetet i skadeområdet styrs av tydliga föreskrifter och rutiner. Då allvarlig händelse inträffar relativt sällan kan ambulanspersonalen uppleva en osäkerhet att samverka på skadeområdet. Inom diskursetiken ges det goda argumentet företräde framför maktförhållanden och manipulation i syfte att nå enighet och rationell förståelse. Patientperspektivet ska genomsyra de beslut som fattas i skadeområdet vilket möjliggörs genom enighet mellan de samverkande organisationerna. Syfte: Att undersöka ambulanspersonalens erfarenhet att samverka med polis och räddningstjänst i skadeområde. Metod: Studien utfördes genom en integrativ litteraturstudie. Systematiska databassökningar genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Resultatet baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som bedöms vara av måttlig till hög kvalitet. Analysen genomfördes enligt Whittemore och Knafls (2005) metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Samverkan mellan organisationerna innebar utmaningar i att skapa balans mellan det egna och det gemensamma ansvaret. Ledarskapet hade i hög grad inverkan på arbetet i skadeområdet, men att iklä sig rollen som sjukvårdsledare förknippades ofta med osäkerhet hos ambulanspersonalen. Kunskap, kommunikation och en känsla av tillhörighet skapade förutsättningar för samverkan mellan organisationerna. Resultatet presenteras under fyra huvudteman: "Vi" och "dem", Härska utan att söndra, Konsten att kommunicera och Övning ger färdighet. Konklusion: Förmågan att kommunicera och att ha förståelse för varandra skapar förutsättningar för samverkan mellan ambulans, polis och räddningstjänst. Det finns ett behov av att utveckla ambulanspersonalens förmåga i radiokommunikation och att undersöka hur gemenskap kan befrämjas. / Bakgrund: Vid en större olycka är det nödvändigt att ambulansen, polisen och räddningstjänsten samarbetar för att uppnå bästa möjliga resultat när man arbetar i skadeområdet. Arbetet på olycksplatsen styrs av tydliga regler och rutiner. Eftersom större händelser inträffar relativt sällan kan ambulanspersonalen uppleva osäkerhet om samarbetet i skadeområdet. I diskursetiken har det goda argumentet företräde framför maktrelationer och manipulation för att nå enighet och rationell förståelse. Patientperspektivet ska genomsyra de beslut som fattas inom skadeområdet, vilket möjliggörs genom överenskommelse mellan de samverkande organisationerna. Syfte: Att beskriva ambulanspersonalens erfarenheter av samarbete med polis och räddningstjänst på olycksplatsen. Metod: Studien genomfördes genom en integrativ litteraturstudie. Systematiska databassökningar genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycINFO. Resultaten är baserade på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som anses vara av måttlig till hög kvalitet. Analysen utfördes enligt Whittmores och Knafls (2005) metodbeskrivning. Resultat: Samarbetet mellan organisationerna innebar utmaningar för att skapa en balans mellan det egna och det gemensamma ansvaret. Ledarskapet hade en stor inverkan på arbetet inom skadeområdet och tog på sig rollen som ambulanssjukvårdare, men var ofta förknippat med osäkerhet bland ambulanspersonalen. Kunskap, kommunikation och en känsla av tillhörighet skapade förutsättningar för samverkan mellan organisationerna. Resultatet presenteras under fyra huvudteman: "Vi" och "dem", Avgörande utan splittring, Konsten att kommunicera och öva gör perfekt. Slutsats: Förmågan att kommunicera och ha förståelse för varandra skapar goda förutsättningar för samverkan mellan ambulanssjukvården, polisen och räddningstjänsten. Det finns ett behov av att utveckla ambulanspersonalens förmåga inom radiokommunikation och att undersöka hur känslan av samhörighet kan främjas.

Vätgas är en energibärare som kan vara en av pusselbitarna i omställningen till en mer klimatneutral värld. Infrastrukturen byggs ut, industrin växer och vätgasfordon blir vanligare. Vätgas är ett ämne med de bra egenskaperna att det kan lagra kemisk energi och från förnybar el tillverkas med elektrolys, men det har också den riskabla egenskapen att det är mycket brandfarligt. Vid läckage av vätgas finns risken att en jetflamma med höga temperaturer uppstår vilket påverkar omgivningen där det sker. Standarder för jetbrandtester är idag baserade på tester med propan, men då vätgas har andra egenskaper behövs ökad kunskap för att minska riskerna vid olyckor. Studien syftar till att via litteraturstudier samla information om storskaliga jetbrandtester, vilken utrustning som används, hur material påverkas av jetflammor och vilka standarder som finns för jetflammor och jetbrandtester. Ett av syftena är också att med intervjustudie ta reda på hur räddningstjänsten i Luleå ser på utvecklingen av vätgasinfrastruktur och om de har några rutiner för olyckor med vätgas. Det finns en vision vid Luleå tekniska universitet att det i framtiden ska finnas en anläggning för att utföra jetbrandtester av vätgas och andra bränslen i Luleå. Studien syftar därför också till att via intervju ta reda på om räddningstjänsten i Luleå skulle ha någon användning för en sådan anläggning. Jetbrandtester kan enligt standarden SS-ISO 22899-1:2021 utföras i mindre skala med propan som bränsle och ändå ge liknande resultat som vid storskaliga jetbrandtester med naturgas. Jetbrandtestet utförs för att testa brandmotstånd genom integritet (E) och isolerande förmåga (I) för passiva brandskyddsmaterial som används till rör, paneler, konstruktionsstål och rör- och kabelgenomföringar. Testerna utförs enligt standarden med utrustning såsom munstycke, åter-cirkuleringskammare, skyddskammare, med mera. Enligt standarden SS-ISO 22899-1:2021 träffas testobjektet vid ett jetbrandtest med en jetflamma av propan på 1 meters avstånd. Det korta avståndet medför att propanet inte fullt hinner förbrännas vilket skapar temperaturskillnader på testobjektets yta när det träffas av flamman. Det bildas en ”kall” och en ”varm” zon på ytan där den ”kalla” zonen är den punkt som i direkt kontakt med jetflamman utsätts för mekanisk kraft i form av erosion. För vätgas hinner flamman stabilisera sig på en meters avstånd vilket gör att testobjektet träffas av en fullt utvecklad flamma och därför både utsätts för termiska laster i form av en enhetlig ”varm” zon och mekaniska laster i form av erosion. Denna skillnad kan göra att passiva brandskyddsmaterial vid jetflammor av vätgas inte klarar av att upprätthålla det krav på brandmotstånd som ställs. Detta är främst aktuellt att undersöka för reaktiva passiva brandskyddamaterial då de är mer känsliga för erosion än icke-reaktiva passiva brandskyddsmaterial. Om så är fallet att passiva brandskyddsmaterial inte klarar av att motstå jetflammor av vätgas lika bra som för propan kanske en standard för jetbrandtester med vätgas skulle behöva tas fram. Det kan vid intervjun med PärJohan Fredrickson som är sektionschef för myndighetsutövningen vid Luleå räddningstjänst konstateras att de verkar vara väl informerade om utvecklingen av vätgasinfrastrukturen och att de har varit delaktiga i vätgasfrågor sedan några år tillbaka. De har samarbeten med andra räddningstjänster och de försöker tidigt vara med i dialogen när nya processer och verksamheter utvecklas. De har i dagsläget inte några operativa övningar med jetflammor av vätgas men de arbetar förebyggande genom att ta fram insatsplaner tillsammans med de industriella verksamheter som hanterar vätgas. De kan från ett förebyggande perspektiv se hur räddningstjänsten kanske skulle kunna ha användning av en anläggning för att genomföra jetbrandtester med vätgas. Men om det finns något operativt behov behöver vidare utredas med personal på räddningstjänsten som arbetar inom de operativa resurserna. / Hydrogen is an energy-carrier that can be a piece in the change for a climate neutral world. The infrastructure and industry expand, and hydrogen vehicles becomes more common. Some good characteristics with hydrogen are that it from renewable energy can be produced through electrolysis and store chemical energy, but it also has the risky characteristic that its very flammable. If hydrogen gas would leak from a container there is the risk of a jet flame with high temperatures that can affect the surroundings. Today’s standards for jet fire testing are based on propane gas, but because hydrogen has so many different characteristics there might be a need for more knowledge to prevent risks and accidents. Through a literature study this report aims to gather information about large scale jet fire testing, what equipment that is used, how materials react to jet flames, and what standards that are current for jet fire testing and jet flames. A purpose is to through an interview-study figure out how the rescue service in Luleå sees on the development in hydrogen infrastructure and if they have any routines for accidents with hydrogen. Luleå University of Technology has a vision to in the future have a facility in Luleå where they can perform jet fire testing with hydrogen and other flammable fuels. One purpose of the study is therefore to interview the rescue service in Luleå to investigate if they would have any interest in such facility and what use they could have of it. According to the standard SS-ISO 22899-1:2021, jet fire tests with propane gas can be performed in a smaller scale and still give similar results as for large scale jet fire tests with natural gas. The jet fire test is performed to determine the fire resistance regarding integrity (E) and isolating capacity (I) for passive fire protection materials that are used for pipes, panels, structural steelwork, and pipe penetration seals. The gear that is used for the tests are a nozzle, flame re-circulation chamber, protective chamber etc. A propane flame hits the object of testing from 1 meter according to the standard. Because of the short distance, the propane flame does not reach full combustion which leads to a temperature difference on the object of testing that is encountered with the jet flame. A “cold” and “hot” zone is therefore created at the surface where the “cold” zone appears at the center core of the jet flame. At this core, the object of testing is exposed to a higher mechanical force in terms of erosion than other parts of the object. For hydrogen the jet flame stabilizes in 1 meter which changes how the flame affects the object of testing. The object is instead hit by a fully combusted jet flame that exposes it to high thermal load with a uniform “hot” zone and mechanical load of erosion. That difference could change how passive fire protection (PFP) materials are able to resist jet flames with hydrogen as the tests for PFP materials are done with propane. This would mainly be topical for reactive PFP materials as they are more sensitive to erosion than non-reactive PFP materials and a standard for jet fire tests with hydrogen may become relevant if PFP materials fail to maintain the requirements that are set for propane. The interview with section manager PärJohan Fredrickson that works at Luleå rescue service shows that Luleå rescue service seems to be well informed about the development of hydrogen infrastructure. Since a few years back they have been involved with questions relating to hydrogen, they have collaborations with other rescue services around the country and they try to get involved as early as possible when new processes and operations are formed. They do not seem to do any exercises where they train for jet fire accidents with hydrogen involved but they are working to prevent accidents with hydrogen. Action plans has been and are being developed together with the operations that are handling the hydrogen. The rescue service could from a preventive perspective have a use of a facility for jet fire testing with hydrogen. But it must be further investigated if there is an operative need to use such a facility.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the examination of maturity levels of the rescue service of the central bohemian region. Furthermore to using the results of the examination to formulate recomandations in order to ease possible effort of the management to introduce approaches of the process management into the organization. Levels of maturity are examined by the factors identified by Mike Hammer in his PEMM (Process and Enterprise Maturity Model) model. Whole document is logically divided into four parts. The first part consists of detail description of the organization from three different angles. Purpose of the organization, strategic goals of the management and the organizational structure. Second part includes global and detail business process models created by the MMABP (Methodology for Modelling and Analysis of Business Process) by prof. Ing. Václav Řepa Csc. The models are created in the BPMN (Business Process Modelling Notation) and Eriksson-Penker notation. There are also included process interfaces and object lifecycles in the second part. Third part is where the comparison of described reality and the PEMM model factors of maturity is being made. All the maturity levels of the factors are argumented here as well. In the last part of this document, there is a presentation of the recomandations concluded from the previous comparison.