Background: Comparing Full-Time (FT) and Part-Time (PT) staffing models for a mobile integrated health (MIH) program established by a local Fire Department. Objective: Determine if the program is sustainable and which staffing model is more effective at obtaining sustainability. Design: Quality Improvement project with retrospective data review. Setting: Green Valley Fire District in Green Valley, Arizona. A predominant retirement community. Target: The residents of the Green Valley Fire District. Interventions: Utilizing the RE-AIM framework, a retrospective review of the data collected by the previously implemented MIH Program in Green Valley was completed. The framework was utilized to review relevant data and determine if the program has achieved the expected outcomes, and maintained a sustainable and transferable MIH program. Measurement: Decrease in emergency medical (EM) calls for service with the implementation of the MIH program. Comparing staffing models for consistency in services. Results: The results showed a decline in EM calls for service with the MIH program, and more consistency in availability and patient services with the FT staffing model. Limitations: The demographics of the community limit the generalizability and transferability of the data obtained from the project. Additional data should be collected and analyzed both retrospectively and for successive years to substantiate the benefits and continue to improve the effectiveness of the MIH program. Conclusions: The program could be used as a model for other MIH programs, with adjustments made for the respective community. The value or sustainability of any MIH program cannot be limited to revenue solely. Other perspectives of value added service and cost savings must also be considered. Significance: This study highlights the effectiveness of an MIH program in a small retirement community and shows the benefit of a FT staffing model versus a PT staffing model for consistency of patient care and daily program operations. There are also multiple aspects of value to an MIH program, some of which are difficult to conceptualize and measure based on historical models of healthcare delivery and Fire Department Services. Further review of these types of programs is needed to establish the overall benefits of MIH.

The decline in the number of lead paramedics at an Indiana fire department has stressed the local emergency medical system (EMS), jeopardized public safety, accelerated personnel burnout, and increased overtime expense. Using Herzberg’s motivation hygiene theory as a guiding lens, this phenomenological study explored the effects of the Indiana fire department’s policies related to lead paramedic job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible hygiene factors, relabeled as workplace satisfaction factors, which led to a decrease in the number of lead paramedics within EMS from 2007–2017. The reduction in lead paramedic numbers led to unanticipated and unbudgeted increases in overtime expenditures that were absorbed through alternative staffing models and budget reallocations. From a purposeful sample of 20 paramedic participants, data were collected through semistructured interviews that included a self-administered workplace satisfaction ranking activity. Following data coding and analysis, thematic analyses indicated that the fire department had failed to meet workplace satisfaction factors of work conditions, policy and administrative practices, and supervision, causing paramedics to not seek, to drop, or to consider dropping lead paramedic designations. This study may lead to positive social change at three levels: (a) organizational, by identifying workplace satisfaction factors that could increase the number of lead paramedics as well as reduce paramedic burnout; (b) community, by decreasing overtime expenditures and improving the standard of staff care; and (c) national, by illustrating for external EMS agencies the benefit of workplace engagement studies when facing similar paramedic workplace dissatisfaction.

根據台灣省社會處調查發現，本省近七成五的民眾沒有參加志願服務。因此，不管是政府或是民間各個社會服務單位，應加強宣導擴大民眾參與志願服務的管道。 　　由於警察機關因法定組織、人事編制無法任意擴充，經費亦受限制，以致無論在功能、規模、結構及程序，皆不易隨時調整。因此，警察必須尋求其它解決之辦法，最有效之方法即開發民間豐沛民力，加入警察工作陣營中。 　　選擇義勇消防大隊為研究對象，一方面對義消人員辛苦奉獻、無怨無悔之精神，致上最崇高敬意外，另外藉由檢視義消大隊之組織運作情況，發現其優缺點，以作為其他機關參考或借鏡之用。 　　本研究之論文章節安排如下： 　　第一章、緒論：說明本研究動機與目的、問題之形成、研究範圍與研究方法、限制、研究流程及章節的安排。 　　第二章、文獻探討：共分成三部分－公務機關運用義工之理論探討、警民合作之相關理論以及人力資源發展之相關理論分析。 　　第三章、台北市義勇消防大隊之組織及運作：透過多方管道所蒐集到有關義消大隊之義工組織沿革、運用之法源基礎、組織目標等人力資源相關內容之歸納整理。此外，並蒐集有關之服務記錄資料，以了解義消組織運作之成效。 　　第四章、台北市義勇消防大隊運作成效探討：藉由深入訪談之結果以及義工問卷之分析，評估義消組織運作之成效。 　　第五章、結論與建議：綜合理論與實務之探討，說明研究之發現，並歸納整理實務界人士之建議，最後試著對未來之研究方向有所期待。

The diploma thesis deals with a possibility to classify SDH unit of Zalužany village into the JPO II category. The whole thesis can be divided into several parts. The first part is a theoretical one, which introduces the terms linked to this issue. In this part, I have described the Emergency service in the Czech Republic, its basic and side bodies as well as its functioning in other countries, especially in Slovakia. The thesis aims to focus on Fire department of the Czech Republic, its organisation and functioning in case of emergency. A very important part of the chapter aims to analyse the Volunteer Fire department unit of the village as the Civil Emergency preparedness unit. I have explained their organization and functioning and classified them into Fire department. In a separate sub-chapter, I have analysed all possibilities to finance the local units of Volunteer Fire department. I have focused especially on the amendment of insurance industry which secures financing of the fire-fighters intervening in traffic accidents. Referring to a statistical almanac, I have presented the outline of the JPO unit employment and focused on Central Bohemia, Příbram and Zalužany village. I have also presented the village Zalužany, its historical development and the most valuable historical part- the castle of Zalužany. I have mentioned all important data concerning the village. In the same part, I am going to carry out a geographical analysis of the village and its surrounding and analyse al well its infrastructure. I have also made a list of the most important pieces of information from the local Fire rules. While working on the thesis which is based on collecting and sorting data, I have mainly used a factographic-analytical method. It was also crucial to discuss the issue with professionals, especially with teachers of South-Bohemian University who have given me a lot of advice and interesting comments. I have collected the data in a qualitative way, got through individual valid laws, regulations, decrees, literary sources and information on web pages, mainly those of Fire department, the Ministry of the Interior and village Zalužany. The second part of the thesis is the most important one. In fact, there are all results I have found out. In a separate chapter, I have presented the methods of the research. It was aimed to find out a complete state of JSDH of the village with a possibility to classify the department into the Fire department category. For this part of the thesis, it was necessary to interview the members of JSDH department and discuss on the issue with the workers, the mayor of the village of Zalužany, the regional Fire department in Příbram and with teachers of the South-Bohemian University in České Budějovice who were glad to give me useful advice and comments. In a separate chapter of the thesis, I have aimed to analyse the JSDH of the village. I have analysed and evaluated the membership, the technical equipment and other devices. I have estimated whether the department disposes of a sufficient number of members, whether the members are qualified enough in order to get classified the unit into JPO II category. To get a complete information about the state of JSDH of the village Zalužany, I have elaborated a SWOT analysis. The analysis focuses on positive and negative aspects of the internal setting of the unit as well as possible danger and circumstances which reveal external settings of the unit. The analysis some defects and ends up by coming up with some proposed measures which can lead to the improvement. In other parts of the chapter, I have counted a real distance of the spot arrival in the first grade of the intervention for the JSDH unit of the village Zalužany and the distance which would meet the criteria to get into the JPO II category.

Every year, approximately 100 people die in fire related incidents in Sweden. ”Seek” is designed to assist fire fighters to locate people faster in smoke diving procedures. ”Seek” identifies people and possible dangers within the building before the smoke diving procedure begins. This allows the operation to be streamlined and planned, as well as avoiding risks which fire fighters are exposed to today. The early overview created by the ”Seek” smoke detector not only saves time in planning but reduces the time from accident until the people in the burning building can receive skilled care, increasing their chance of survival.

Background: The overuse of the emergency department (ED) for non- critical patients has been associated with overcrowding and a rise in healthcare cost. Green Valley Fire Department (GVFD) has created a program, Fire-Based Urgent Medicals Service (FBUMS) with a nurse practitioner (NP). Patients can call 9-1-1 or the ""NP hotline"" and request to be seen by the NP instead of being immediately transported to the hospital via ambulance. Purpose: The purpose of this project is to evaluate the impact of the nurse practitioner led FBUMS, on ED visits and ambulance transports. Methods: A survey was mailed to all persons, age 18 and older, who were seen by the NP with FBUMS between February 2017 and March 2017. The survey asked about the reasons for contacting GVFD, the type of treatment received, and whether they went to ED after treatment. Data analysis: Descriptive statistics including frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations were used to analyze each of the answered survey questions in Microsoft Excel©. Results: Surveys completed (n=42). The majority, 39 (92.9%) stated they did not receive care at the ED within 72 hours following their appointment with the NP, three (7.1%) stated they did. By dramatically decreasing transport to the hospital and associated ED treatment, it is estimated to have saved approximately $53,425 in ambulance costs and $54,210 in ED treatment for a total savings of $99,632.52. Conclusion: A Fire-Based Urgent Medical Service led by a nurse practitioner decreased emergency room visits and ambulance transports.

Introduction: Non-compliance with respiratory protection programs among firefighters may put them at increased risk of injury and illness from occupational exposures during fire extinguishing activities. This research aims to characterize respiratory protection practices among Florida firefighters. This information will allow better understanding of factors that are associated with non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines. Methods: Survey questionnaire was used to characterize Florida fire departments in this cross sectional study. Four hundred and seventy-seven surveys were administered to Florida firefighters both in person and electronically to collect information regarding firefighter knowledge and participation in their respective respiratory protection programs during the past twelve months. Survey questions were developed from the model set by the National Fire Protection Association which provides standards and regulations regarding firefighter protections. Collected data were used to produce summary statistics regarding firefighter department size, coverage area, and firefighter employment type. Further data analysis used Statistical Analysis Software to compute multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: The 477 respondents were 91% male with a mean age 39 years old (range 21-65 years). The majority of respondents, 76%, were non-smokers, 21% former smokers, and 3% current smokers. In regards to ethnicity, respondents were 77% Caucasian, 13% Hispanic, 3% African-American, and 4% other. Most respondents were career firefighters, 97%, with less than ten years of experience, 44%, working in a fire department with at least 21 firefighters, 98%. Most respondents, 80%, had a written respiratory program in place. The most cited reason for not having implemented a written respiratory program was lack of knowledge related to the program. Multinomial logistic regression analysis of departments with response areas of at least 250,000 square miles produced a statistically significant 0.44 odds ratio for having a written respiratory program as compared to those with a less than 10,000 square miles response area. Conclusion: Additional resources need to be given to Florida fire departments to ensure that all firefighters receive adequate respiratory protection in accordance with National Fire Protection Association guidelines. There is an association between fire departments with large response areas and non-compliance with respiratory protection guidelines in regards to: having a written respiratory program, the frequency of respiratory fit testing, and the frequency of medical fitness testing. This suggests that rural fire departments need additional resources to ensure fire fighters are adequately protected. Additional research should focus on why these differences exist in the rural fire departments. Respondents stating a lack of knowledge or no requirement for a written respiratory program suggest that future efforts should focus on respiratory protection education and training.

Forest fires has become an increasing threat all over the world. Pollution and rising greenhouse gases has led to an ever increase in global temperatures. Sweden has previously been spared from larger fires, but in the past few year it has been been made clear that these climate changes will affect the number and intensity of forest fires.  In this project I have investigated how forest fires work and how the process of  extinguishing them looks today. With a focus on the personal equipment I have looked into how to improve the working environment and the safety for fire-fighters. Using the design process this problem is tackled from a holistic point of view, looking at both the users and context. The solutions presented in this project is a professional safety product called “Phoenix. PPe Wildfire respirator”. A lightweight portable oxygen harness with an attached emergency mask.

In dieser Arbeit wird die Konzeption und Umsetzung einer digitalen Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung für Mittel der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr im Umfeld der Integrierten Regionalleitstelle Leipzig beschrieben. Das Ziel besteht darin, eine automatische, selbstfüllende Lösung zur Datenintegration und -darstellung zu konzipieren, die eine umfassende und bedarfsgerechte Informationsversorgung ohne direkte Zuarbeiten des Leitstellenpersonals ermöglicht. Die in der Leitstelle vorhandenen Daten sollen genutzt werden, um unter anderem die Auslastung und Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen sowie Einsatzschwerpunkte zu visualisieren und diese Informationen den Nutzergruppen bedarfsgerecht zur Verfügung zu stellen, um basierend darauf taktische Entscheidungen treffen zu können. Um den Bedarf und die Anforderungen zu ermitteln, wurde eine qualitative und quantitative Umfrage durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse haben den grundlegenden Bedarf mit verschiedenen Bedürfnissen und Prioritäten der unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen bestätigt. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Lösungsansätze verglichen und die Entwicklung eines Prototypen für eine Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung vorgestellt. Die Anwendbarkeit und Grenzen des entwickelten Prototypen wurden durch praktische Untersuchungen mit direktem Feedback und einer Überprüfung der Korrektheit der Daten bewertet. Die Evaluation ergab, dass der Prototyp bereits in seiner derzeitigen Form ein sehr genaues Lagebild liefert und die Erwartungen der Nutzer erfüllt.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Übersicht 1.1 Zielstellung 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 2 Betrachtung der Ausgangssituation 2.1 Die Integrierte Regionalleitstelle Leipzig 2.2 Technischer Aufbau der IRLS 2.3 Lagedarstellung 2.3.1 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr 2.3.2 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der Leitstelle 2.3.3 Einordnung der Lagedarstellung in einen allgemeinen Kontext 3 Anforderungen 3.1 Ermittlung des optimalen Informationsbedarfs 3.2 Durchführung einer Umfrage 3.2.1 Im Bereich Feuerwehr 3.2.2 Im Bereich Rettungsdienst 3.2.3 Im Bereich Katastrophenschutz 3.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 3.3 Vergleich von Lösungsansätzen 3.3.1 Anruf in der Leitstelle 3.3.2 Bereitstellung des Einsatzleitsystems für Anwender 3.3.3 Gang in die Leitstelle 3.3.4 LvS Display 3.3.5 MobiKat 4 Entwicklung eines Prototypen zur Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung 4.1 Lösungsansatz 4.2 Implementierung 4.2.1 Werkzeuge 4.2.2 Daten und Datenquellen 4.2.3 Herangehensweise 4.3 Datenschutzkriterien 4.4 Plausibilität 5 Untersuchung des Prototypen im Leitstellenumfeld und der Gefahrenabwehr 5.1 Im Einsatzfeld der Stabsarbeit 5.2 Ressourcenbetrachtung 5.2.1 HLF 5.2.2 RTW 5.3 Schlussfolgerung 5.4 Grenzfälle 5.5 Kritik des Modells 6 Fazit und Ausblick Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Quellcodeverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Anhang / This paper describes the design and implementation of a digital real-time management display for resources of emergency services in the vicinity of the Leipzig Regional Dispatch Center. The objective is to create an automated and self-populating system for data integration and display, facilitating the extensive and tailored supply of information without the need for direct human involvement within the control center. The data available in the control center provides visualization of resource utilization and availability, operational priorities, and other key information that can be made available to user groups on demand for tactical decision making. A qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted to identify needs and requirements. The results confirmed the demand with different demands and priorities of the various user groups. The paper compares different approaches and presents the development of a prototype for a real-time management display. Practical tests with direct feedback and a verification of accuracy were used to evaluate the capabilities and limitations of the developed prototype. The evaluation demonstrated that the prototype currently offers a fairly accurate picture of the situation and meets the expectations of the users.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis 1 Übersicht 1.1 Zielstellung 1.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 2 Betrachtung der Ausgangssituation 2.1 Die Integrierte Regionalleitstelle Leipzig 2.2 Technischer Aufbau der IRLS 2.3 Lagedarstellung 2.3.1 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der nichtpolizeilichen Gefahrenabwehr 2.3.2 Lagedarstellung im Kontext der Leitstelle 2.3.3 Einordnung der Lagedarstellung in einen allgemeinen Kontext 3 Anforderungen 3.1 Ermittlung des optimalen Informationsbedarfs 3.2 Durchführung einer Umfrage 3.2.1 Im Bereich Feuerwehr 3.2.2 Im Bereich Rettungsdienst 3.2.3 Im Bereich Katastrophenschutz 3.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse 3.3 Vergleich von Lösungsansätzen 3.3.1 Anruf in der Leitstelle 3.3.2 Bereitstellung des Einsatzleitsystems für Anwender 3.3.3 Gang in die Leitstelle 3.3.4 LvS Display 3.3.5 MobiKat 4 Entwicklung eines Prototypen zur Echtzeit-Lagedarstellung 4.1 Lösungsansatz 4.2 Implementierung 4.2.1 Werkzeuge 4.2.2 Daten und Datenquellen 4.2.3 Herangehensweise 4.3 Datenschutzkriterien 4.4 Plausibilität 5 Untersuchung des Prototypen im Leitstellenumfeld und der Gefahrenabwehr 5.1 Im Einsatzfeld der Stabsarbeit 5.2 Ressourcenbetrachtung 5.2.1 HLF 5.2.2 RTW 5.3 Schlussfolgerung 5.4 Grenzfälle 5.5 Kritik des Modells 6 Fazit und Ausblick Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis Quellcodeverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

Gender equality and gender equality work is relevant for today's working life, and previously male-dominated occupations may be increasingly under pressure to become more equal. This paper aims to explore and understand how the firefighters at a station are experiencing gender and gender equality in rescue services. Using theories of how sex is done, how a power perspective and a structural approach can show men's and women's different conditions in an organization, and theories that are more specific to gender and change management the firefighters talk about gender and gender equality are analyzed. Essay results were collected through interviews with seven firefighters and then analyzed and interpreted with the help of theories. The analysis shows that there is a perception among the firefighters that men and women are biologically different and that required physical strength legitimizes the exclusion of women. Inequality is seen as something natural and by pursuing an active gender equality women are given unwarranted benefits. When physical strength becomes a legitimate reason for exclusion, the responsibility for gender inequality is put on women and that women don’t have what it takes. There is also a resistance against gender equality analyzed in the paper, and it's stated opposition seems to be directed against the management's way of recruiting women. Respondents argue that management must reduce requirements for the employment of women, and therefore risk their and society's safety. Deeper analysis shows however, a perception that a woman can´t do the physical requirements and that women are not suitable as firefighters. The physical strength is not an individual characteristic that women can have, but it becomes part of the social performance of masculinity. It is not strength that firefighters are demanding but male firefighters, and resistance therefore appears to be directed against the representation of women in the profession that increases.