Orientador: Maria da Luz Rosario de Sousa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T00:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_RafaeldaSilveira_M.pdf: 2548903 bytes, checksum: d786e132a191289e59b33b5ed055f7db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A transição demográfica pela qual o Brasil vem passando nos últimos anos é conseqüência, dentre outros indicadores, da redução da taxa de mortalidade, da queda na taxa de fecundidade e do aumento da expectativa de vida, o que produz como efeito um fenômeno mundialmente conhecido como "envelhecimento populacional". Desta dinâmica demográfica e epidemiológica surgem no mínimo dois objetos de estudo a serem considerados nas pesquisas em saúde coletiva: o envelhecimento humano (com suas características e conseqüências) e as condições de vida e saúde dos idosos. Dentre os vários campos da saúde, a saúde bucal do idoso se apresenta em precárias condições, com alta prevalência de edentulismo (ausência total dos dentes), doenças periodontais, dentes cariados, necessidades de uso de próteses e sua má adaptação. Conhecer como cada indivíduo percebe a própria saúde é um importante passo para se compreender o padrão de procura por um serviço de saúde. Além disso, é importante saber como os critérios subjetivos e normativos de necessidade de tratamento odontológico se relacionam no sentido de oferecer um atendimento coerente com a necessidade identificada. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as características e os fatores relacionados à necessidade de tratamento odontológico percebida por idosos brasileiros em relação aos critérios normativos de necessidade determinadas pelo exame clínico-epidemiológico realizado por cirurgiões-dentistas. Foi realizado um aprofundamento dos resultados encontrados no levantamento epidemiológico nacional de saúde bucal de 2003. Com relação aos indivíduos idosos (65 a 74 anos) que participaram deste levantamento, grupo-índice da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) que foi analisado no presente estudo, o tamanho total da amostra foi de 5.349 indivíduos. Foram analisadas a sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia e valores preditivos positivos e normativos da necessidade de tratamento odontológico percebida pelos idosos em relação ao critério normativo de necessidade registrada pelo cirurgião-dentista. Modelos de regressão de Poisson, com estimativa robusta da variância, foram realizados para identificar as variáveis individuais envolvidas na auto-percepção de necessidade de tratamento odontológico. Os resultados mostraram que a maior proporção de valores coincidentes foi para os idosos não-edêntulos que necessitavam de tratamento clínico em um ou mais dentes. A maior sensibilidade foi para a necessidade de coroa e a maior especificidade foi para a necessidade de prótese total inferior. As variáveis associadas à necessidade subjetiva de tratamento odontológico foram diferentes para idosos edêntulos e não edêntulos. Estes achados são de extrema importância para o planejamento da oferta de serviços de saúde bucal para a população, fornecendo uma importante estimativa sobre os principais problemas que estes indivíduos demandam e quantos necessitariam de atendimento. / Abstract: The demographic transition in which Brazil has been rising in recent years is a consequence, among other indicators, of the mortality rate reducing, the fall in fertility rate and increased life expectancy, which produces the effect of a worldwide phenomenon known as "population aging". This dynamic demographic and epidemiological present at least two objects of study to be considered in searches in public health: the aging human (with its characteristics and consequences) and the living and health conditions of the elderly. Among the various areas of health, oral health among the elderly is in precarious conditions with high prevalence of edentulousness (total absence of teeth), periodontal diseases, needs to use prostheses and their poor adaptation. Knowing how individuals perceive their own health is an important step to understanding the pattern of demand for a health service. Moreover, it is important to know how subjective criteria and standards of need for dental treatment are related to offer a service consistent with the need identified. Thus, the purpose of this study was to know the characteristics and factors related to the perceived need for dental treatment for elderly Brazilians in relation to normative criteria of need determined by clinical and epidemiological examination carried out by dentists. This was an approach of the results in national epidemiological survey of oral health in 2003. With respect to the elderly (65 to 74 years old) who participated in this survey, group-index of the World Health Organization (WHO), the total size of the sample was 5349 individuals. We analyzed the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and positive predictive values of the need for dental treatment perceived by the elderly in relation to the normative criterion of necessity recorded by the dentist. Models of Poisson regression, with robust estimate of variance were conducted to identify the variables involved in individual self-perception of the need for dental treatment. The results showed that the greatest proportion of concordance was for the elderly without edentulism which required dental treatment in one or more teeth. The greatest sensitivity was the need for crown and the greater specificity was the need for lower total prosthetic. The variables associated with the subjective need for dental treatment were different for edentulism and without edentulism. These findings are very important for planning the provision of oral health for the population, providing an important estimate on the main problems that these individuals require and how many need of caring. / Mestrado / Gerontologia / Mestre em Gerontologia

nÃo hà / A hansenÃase à uma doenÃa infecciosa crÃnica causada pela bactÃria intracelular e acidorresistente Mycobacterium leprae, que acomete preferencialmente pele e nervos perifÃricos, com um grande potencial para desenvolver incapacidades fÃsicas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram verificar o conhecimento e atuaÃÃo do cirurgiÃo-dentista no controle e eliminaÃÃo da hansenÃase, na Secretaria Executiva Regional (SER) III, no MunicÃpio de Fortaleza-CE, Brasil; bem como avaliar a autopercepÃÃo sobre a saÃde bucal e necessidade de tratamento de portadores de hansenÃase no referido MunicÃpio. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, cuja amostra foi composta de 31 cirurgiÃes-dentistas (CD) da SER III e cem portadores de hansenÃase atendidos no Hospital UniversitÃrio Walter CantÃdio, em Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram obtidos mediante um questionÃrio estruturado para os cirurgiÃes-dentistas e outro para os portadores de hansenÃase. A anÃlise de dados foi realizada pelo programa Stata 11, tendo-se empregado o teste de Pearson e o teste de Fisher, para verificar associaÃÃo entre as variÃveis, considerando significativo quando o valor de p < 0,05. Os resultados mostraram que 64,52% dos profissionais nunca suspeitaram ter atendido casos de hansenÃase, nenhum CD realizou avaliaÃÃo programÃtica de portadores de hansenÃase, apesar da presenÃa de focos infecciosos orais serem uma das causas das reaÃÃes hansÃnicas. A autopercepÃÃo da necessidade de tratamento odontolÃgico pelos portadores de hansenÃase apresentou associaÃÃo estatÃstica com a escolaridade, sendo que, quanto maior a escolaridade, maior a percepÃÃo da necessidade de tratamento (p = 0,000). A anÃlise bivariada mostrou existir associaÃÃo estatÃstica entre a classificaÃÃo da saÃde bucal e a autopercepÃÃo da necessidade de tratamento (p=0,054). Os pacientes que classificaram sua saÃde bucal em pÃssima, ruim e regular percebiam ter maior necessidade de realizar tratamento odontolÃgico quando comparados com os pacientes que classificaram sua saÃde bucal como boa e Ãtima. Destaca-se a necessidade de aprofundamento dos conhecimentos dos cirurgiÃes-dentistas quanto à hansenÃase e o desenvolvimento de atividades que atuem no controle e eliminaÃÃo da hansenÃase no MunicÃpio estudado. A autopercepÃÃo do portador de hansenÃase quanto a sua saÃde oral e necessidade de tratamento deve, juntamente com uma avaliaÃÃo clÃnica, servir como guia para a execuÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas que visem a favorecer um tratamento odontolÃgico mais efetivo para esses pacientes.

Förlåtelse anses ibland som den enda lösningen för sårade eller kränkta känslor och icke-förlåtelse anses betyda att man fortsätter med grubblerier och hämndbegär. Syftet med studien var att studera förlåtelsens och icke-förlåtelsens funktioner, upplevelser och samband med empati. Trettio respondenter från Sverige, Finland och Frankrike svarade skriftligt eller muntligt på intervjufrågor om förlåtelse och eller icke-förlåtelse. Intervjuerna meningskoncentrerades och analyserades med tematisk analys och resultatet visade att både förlåtelse och icke-förlåtelse kan ha positiva men olika funktioner för individer. Situationen och vem som skulle förlåtas är avgörande faktorer för när det är förlåtelse eller icke- förlåtelse som är det optimala för t ex. självkänslan. Förlåtelse och icke-förlåtelse visade sig vara motsatser till varandra endast i två bemärkelser, när det gäller empatiska känslor och fortsatt kontakt. Studien kan komma till nytta inom arbeten där man bemöter individer som har upplevt svåra kränkningar.

Förlåtelse anses ibland som den enda lösningen för sårade eller kränkta känslor och icke-förlåtelse anses betyda att man fortsätter med grubblerier och hämndbegär. Syftet med studien var att studera förlåtelsens och icke-förlåtelsens funktioner, upplevelser och samband med empati. Trettio respondenter från Sverige, Finland och Frankrike svarade skriftligt eller muntligt på intervjufrågor om förlåtelse och eller icke-förlåtelse. Intervjuerna meningskoncentrerades och analyserades med tematisk analys och resultatet visade att både förlåtelse och icke-förlåtelse kan ha positiva men olika funktioner för individer. Situationen och vem som skulle förlåtas är avgörande faktorer för när det är förlåtelse eller icke- förlåtelse som är det optimala för t ex. självkänslan. Förlåtelse och icke-förlåtelse visade sig vara motsatser till varandra endast i två bemärkelser, när det gäller empatiska känslor och fortsatt kontakt. Studien kan komma till nytta inom arbeten där man bemöter individer som har upplevt svåra kränkningar.

In the modernising South African society, young people are faced with personal and social problems which make it very difficult for them to adjust positively to life in general. In the end they are frustrated in many situations in life because of their inability to cope with these problems. One of the major problems that the Blacks in South Africa are faced with is that of a poor self-concept. This is a major problem because any adjustment and behaviour in life is, to a large extent, influenced by the self-concept of the individual. This thesis aims at focusing attention on those social issues which play a major role in the development of the self-concept and the lives in general, of Black people in Gazankulu. It is also concerned with the role of the guidance teacher in preparing young people for a more satisfying life (Introduction, p. 1)

It is the basic hypothesis of this study that there exists a relationship between personal attitude and value changes and participation in group discussion. The purpose of this study will be an attempt to assess how some personality variables change as a result of group discussion.

This study explores the potential relationship between disordered eating and appearance-related possible selves. The sample consisted of 293 female college students (mean age=22). Participants were administered interviews consisting of demographic information, the Possible Selves Interview, the Eating Attitudes Test-26, The Physical Self Description Questionnaire, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. More than half of the participants reported an appearance-related possible self (n=154). As expected, disordered eating scores were found to be higher for participants who reported an appearance-related possible self: t(288)=-3.04, p

This study examined the effectiveness of information about, and/or practice with, visualization in increasing: self-understanding, belief in one's ability to effect self change, positive themes in ongoing imagery, and internality of locus of control. A sample of 19 women and 11 men, ranging in age from 18 to 50 years, were divided into four groups which each received different amounts of information about, or practice with, visualization. All groups were tested before and after treatment on four measures, and the three experimental groups also completed a posttest-only measure. The measures used were the Personal Response Questionnaire (developed by the author), subscales from the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the Spheres of Control test, the Questionnaire on Imagery Control, and the Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery. Results indicated that members of the experimental groups believed that visualization could contribute significantly to self-understanding, felt differently about themselves as a result of learning about visualization, felt it would be useful for personal development, and felt they would use it in their own future self-development. Vividness of imagery increased from pretest to posttest for those groups with most information about, and practice with, visualization. Increased internality on the sociopolitical control subscale of the Spheres of Control test was also found for all groups on the posttest. None of the other predicted effects were found to have occurred at a significant level. The failure to achieve the anticipated results was attributed partially to the short period of training and practice allocated, to the small number of subjects, and also to the lack of appropriate and sufficiently sensitive assessment measures. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate

To date, the undertaking of health promoting behaviors in working women is an issue which has not been explored in any depth. This issue has become particularly important because of two parallel phenomena - the rapid expansion of the numbers of women in the workforce, and the growing interest in health promotion - which have emerged in Canada in the last twenty years or so. As well, factors which may relate to the undertaking of health promoting behaviors have been hypothesized and investigated to some extent, but have not yet been fully determined. Self-esteem has been proposed as one motivational factor in the undertaking of health promoting behaviors. The present study has sought to determine the extent to which self-esteem, working conditions, and demographic factors, are related to the undertaking of health promoting behaviors in working women. The conceptual model used is a modified version of Pender's (1982) Health Promotion Model in which a feedback mechanism operates, reinforcing the performance of health promoting behavior as self-esteem levels grow, and equally, reinforcing self-esteem levels according to the extent to which health promoting behaviors are undertaken. Subjects of a random sample of 500 female union members working in the greater Vancouver area were mailed a questionnaire package. The questionnaires asked for data on present levels of self-esteem, health promoting behaviors presently undertaken, and demographic and working condition factors. Following a repeat mailing, the final number of responses available for analysis was 229 (46%). Simple linear regression analysis revealed that self-esteem was predictive of health promoting behaviors in a global sense, and, in particular, of self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, and nutrition. However, neither demographic variables, nor the number of hours worked per week, were found to be predictive of health promoting behaviors. Although the study suffered from a limitation due to a low response rate, the sample was determined to be broadly representative of the union population. Therefore, these study results may be generalized to other urban, unionized females sharing similar demographic characteristics. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Experimenter self-disclosure and verbal reinforcement of subject disclosure during an interview were both predicted to result in increased subject disclosure in a subsequent testing situation, as compared with direct instructions to the subjects to be more open.. The results indicated that for male subjects, verbal reinforcement had the predicted effect, but experimenter self-disclosure did not. Female subjects were found to be more disclosive than male subjects in general, but were relatively uninfluenced by the experimenter treatment conditions. Experimenter self-disclosure was shown to result in an increase in social evaluative anxiety and in more favourable perceptions of the self and of the experimenter in the subjects concerned. Both of these factors are discussed as having counteracted any modeling effect of experimenter self-disclosure. An interpretation of the results in terms of an interaction between subject sex, experimenter sex and experimental conditions is proposed and the implications this has for the related literature, which in general has ignored such variables as subject and experimenter sex, are discussed. / Arts, Faculty of / Psychology, Department of / Graduate