O presente trabalho analisa as orientações das políticas sobre drogas brasileiras tendo como referência duas determinantes: o regime internacional proibicionista de drogas e a política externa norte-americana para o tema. Utiliza-se a Teoria da Securitização para analisar processos de uso da força por um Estado com o fim de neutralizar a ameaça representada pelo tráfico de drogas e atividades afins. São descritos os processos de formação do regime internacional e de institucionalização da política de guerra às drogas nos Estados Unidos. Mostra-se o processo de adequação da política de defesa brasileira ao tema das drogas, que ocorreu de modo conservador e avesso à militarização são apresentados os impactos de uma política de segurança pública pautada na redução da oferta de drogas no Brasil. / This work analyses the orientations of the brazillian drug policies using two main references: the international drug prohibition regime and the United States’ policies towards this issue. The Theory of Securitization is used to analyse the of use of the force by a State in order to neutralyze the menace represented by drug trafficking and related activities. The formation of the international regime and the institutionalization of the war on drugs’ policies on the United States are described. The paper also reviews the process of adequation of the brazillian defense policies to the drugs issue, which occurred under a conservative and militarization averse framework, as well as the impact of a public safety policy guided by supply reduction on Brazil.

O pós-Guerra Fria (1991-2006) apresenta uma mudança significativa no cenário estratégico: a maior acessibilidade da tecnologia militar e o surgimento de novas armas capazes de modificar o poder coercitivo dos países – como as Armas de Energia Direta – acabam pondo em cheque a idéia de que a primazia nuclear é condição suficiente para garantir a unipolaridade. Focando-se no atual recrudescimento das tensões entre EUA com a Rússia – especialmente com a proposta estadunidense de implementação do Escudo Antimíssil no Leste Europeu – e com a China, e analisando as relações de poder entre os três países, procuramos revelar que tipo de competição ocorrerá no Sistema Internacional nas próximas décadas. A presente dissertação analisa as reais possibilidades de que a primazia nuclear estadunidense se torne efetiva, uma vez que para tanto é necessário o desarmamento estratégico das demais potências. Como uma guerra nuclear entre os três países possui um custo político muito elevado as disputas tendem a ser decididas na esfera das operações. Para ilustrar essa última afirmação usamos um cenário contrafactual de guerra nuclear limitada entre Estados Unidos, Rússia e China, por meio do qual tentamos evidenciar as pré-condições táticas e operacionais para uma eventual vitória da coalizão sino-russa. / The evolution of the Post-Cold War (1991-2006) international system shows a significant amount of change regarding the strategic capabilities of United States, Russia, and China. The rise of a new class of strategic weapons called Directed Energy Weapons (lasers and high power microwaves), as well as the great costs associated with the quest for nuclear primacy, demand closer examination of the current assumption about the links between nuclear primacy and unipolar distribution of power in the International System. Starting with the current tensions between US and Russia, we try to reveal in this article what kind of competition might be observed in the International System over the next decade. The present work analyzes the real possibilities of the USA achieving an effective nuclear primacy condition, which requires the complete disarmament of all other powers. Since a nuclear war between the three countries has a very high political cost, disputes tend to be settled on the operational sphere. In order to demonstrate this final point, we made comparative use of two nuclear war scenarios. This works concludes by establishing the tactical and operational conditions that Russia and China seems to counting with in order to defeat United States if a shooting war comes.

Esta Dissertação tem por finalidade examinar as diferentes formas por que o federalismo pode e vem se manifestando desde o modelo embrionário, dos Estados Unidos da América, até a união de Estados nacionais que integra a União Européia. Como primeiro passo, destaca os elementos constitutivos do Estado Federal, com ênfase na importância do fator descentralização do poder na construção de um Estado composto formado por Estados autônomos; em seguida, investiga as origens históricas do federalismo antigo e do norte-americano, na busca dos motivos que levaram à criação de tão inovadora forma de governo de modo particular, traz a abordagem de um caso emblemático de federalismo assimétrico, o das Comunidades Autônomas espanholas, a em de demonstrar a complexidade de coexistência em um só Estado de diversas nacionalidades, etnias, tradições regionais etc.; depois, apresenta o impacto do caso europeu, sem precedentes, em uma era globalizada, ante a necessidade de um processo de integração de maior consistência entre Estados. Culmina por perscrutar os fatores federativos emergentes do Tratado de Lisboa, aprovado em 2009. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine into the different ways federalism may assume and has assumed from the embryonic model of the United States of America through the union of national States found in the European Union. As a first step, this study points out the constitutive elements of the federal State, focusing on the power decentralization factor in building a composite State formed of autonomous States. Next, the historic origins of the ancient and the American federalism will be examined, in an attempt to identify the reasons that lead to the creation of such an innovative form of government. Particularly, an emblematic case of asymmetric federalism will be studied, namely, the Spanish Autonomous Communities, in order to demonstrate the complexity of the cohabitation, in a single State, of several nationalities, ethnic groups, regional traditions, etc. Finally, the impact of the unprecedented European case in a global era, in view of the need for a more consistent integration process among States, will be analyzed. The study culminates with an investigation into the federative factors emerging from the Lisbon Treaty ratified in 2009.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas_Andre_Berno_Kolln.pdf: 2141701 bytes, checksum: 71d34556cfccf15d79182153dce2a398 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation discusses the books of John Steinbeck published in the thirties, willing to comprehend the way that the dialogue between the author's literature and his dialectic relation with the historical reality in which he wrote and lived. The analysis of Steinbeck's writings produced during the thirties made possible the discussion about the effects of the 1929 crisis and the empowerment of monopolist capitalism, processes that became very evident in this period. The conflicts present in that reality molded the historical reading of the writer and of the social group that he centrally portrayed throughout his literary production, the small farmers. Steinbeck's deep connection with the old middle classes conditioned his literature and his worldview, since the writer was raised into that way of life and educated into the typical values of that social group. This made his literature, during the thirties, unfold itself in many different ways in order to deal with the experience of the destruction of that way of life in all of its complexity. As the crisis deepened, Steinbeck faced different expressions of it, being the proletarianization of the small farmers and the destruction of the basis of their world some of the most bruising aspects that his literature intended to expose, portray and denounce. Sometimes assuming nostalgic outlines to celebrate the past, sometimes drawing on the satire to question the bourgeois ethos, sometimes rising through the denounce to reveal the scars created by the economic transformations, Steinbeck did not duck the problems placed by the development of the American capitalism. Based on this, his literature has became not only an interpretation of the reality created by the Great Depression through its mechanisms, dynamics and structures, but also the literary testimony of a person who observed the decadence of the way of life in which he grew up and of his peers. In this sense, the dissertation aimed to situate and comprehend Steinbeck's writings in their historical concreteness, that is, in the terms in which they were conceived and produced, in such a way that it became possible to observe several dimensions of the crisis and of Steinbeck's historical reading related to this experience, marked by loss, by misery and by the transformation of the small farmers into agricultural workers / Essa dissertação discute as obras da década de 30 de John Steinbeck procurando compreender de que maneira se deu o diálogo entre a literatura do autor e a relação dialética desse com a realidade história na qual viveu e escreveu. A análise dos escritos de Steinbeck produzidos nos anos 30 possibilitou a discussão sobre os desdobramentos e efeitos da crise de 1929 e do fortalecimento do capitalismo monopolista, processos esses que se tornaram muito evidentes nesse período. A conflituosidade presente naquela realidade moldou a leitura histórica do escritor e do grupo social que ele centralmente retratou ao longo de sua produção literária, os pequenos proprietários agrícolas. A profunda ligação de Steinbeck com as antigas classes médias rurais condicionou sua literatura e sua visão de mundo, uma vez que o escritor foi criado em meio àquele modo de vida e educado dentro dos valores típicos desse grupo social. Isso fez com que sua literatura, ao longo dos anos 30, se desdobrasse de diferentes formas para lidar com a experiência da destruição daquele modo de vida em toda a sua complexidade. Na medida em que a crise se aprofundava, Steinbeck travou contato com diferentes expressões dela, sendo a proletarização dos pequenos proprietários e a destruição das bases de seu mundo alguns dos aspectos mais contundentes que sua literatura procurou desvelar, retratar e denunciar. Ora assumindo contornos nostálgicos para celebrar o passado, ora valendo-se da sátira para questionar o ethos burguês, ora erguendo-se por meio da denúncia para trazer à lume as mazelas geradas pelas transformações econômicas, Steinbeck não se furtou aos problemas postos pelo desenvolvimento histórico do capitalismo estadunidense. A partir disso, sua literatura se tornou não só uma interpretação da realidade criada pela Grande Depressão a partir de seus mecanismos, suas dinâmicas e suas estruturas, mas também o testemunho literário de um sujeito que observou a decadência do modo de vida no qual cresceu e dos sujeitos que eram seus pares. Nesse sentido, a dissertação buscou situar e compreender os escritos de John Steinbeck em sua concretude histórica, isto é, nos termos em que eles foram concebidos e produzidos, ao passo que tornou-se possível observar várias dimensões da crise e da leitura histórica de Steinbeck em relação a essa experiência, marcada pela perda, pela miséria e pela transformação dos pequenos proprietários rurais em trabalhadores agrícolas

The main purpose of this master's thesis is to describe and analyze the opinions of a several selected journalists, associated with the The New York Times, on participation the official policy of the United States in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992- 1995). On the basic of texts of several outstanding personalities of American journalism the early 90s, the thesis presents a picture of how this conflict resonated in one of the most popular American journals and primarily how journalists evaluated the policy of president Bill Clinton and his National Security Council in the Balkans. Besides this main practical part, which includes an overview of the every single journalists and political position of The New York Times, the thesis is also dedicated to the overall nature of foreign policy of W. J. Clinton and George Bush sr., background of Bosnian conflict and detailed summary of events in wartime Bosnia with a strong emphasis on the participation of the White House.

This diploma thesis will be dealing with the process of emigration from the former Hungarian Kingdom to the USA (specifically via the ports of the state of New York) in the period from 1867 to 1880. Its aim will be to capture the economic and social situation of the immigrants after their arrival to the USA, their association with each other in the early organizations and ethnic determination. Based on primary sources, it will produce statistics. It will deal with their perception by the local inhabitants as well and it will attempt to answer the question, to what extent did they manage to fulfill "the American dream". The characteristics of the observed period will be the outcome, together with the attempt to confirm the hypothesis that this period was the preparation stage for the economic migration beginning in the 1880s. Key words: emigration, Hungary, United States of America, american dream, economic migration, immigration, ethnicity

There is a shortage of clergy, at least in the Roman Catholic Church (cf Schoenherr&Sorenson 1982:23; Heilbronner 1998:11; Tentler 1998:348; Carroll 2001:1; Fernandez 2001:ix-x; see Seidler 1979:764; Berger 1987; Hoge et al 1988:264, 280). The Protestant Church in general is experiencing more of a distribution problem than a shortage (cf Chaves 2001:36; see Jud et al 1970:59). The two greatest hindrances to addressing this clergy distribution problem among Protestant churches is a lack of adequate compensation for clergy and the undesirable location, as perceived by clergy, of the church (Chaves 2001:36; see Jud et al 1970:59). Challenges such as secularization, duality of vocation, time management, change in type of ministry, family issues, congregational and denominational conflict, burnout, sexual misconduct, divorce or marital problems, and suicide, affect clergy. Studies on the shortage of clergy have been conducted mostly in the USA and Europe and not in South Africa. This study seeks to address this research gap by means of a practical theological grounded theory exploration of the exodus of clergy. Grounded theory methodology is used to identify the reasons why clergy trained at a Bible College of a Protestant Charismatic mega church leave full-time pastoral ministry. Findings correspond to previous studies with two reasons appearing more frequently than others: responding to a call and leadership related issues. Firstly, respondents differed in their replies with respect to reconciling their leaving full-time pastoral ministry to their call with responses of: not being called, a dual call, or called but left anyway. Secondly, respondents indicated that leadership influence was mostly negative with regard to affirming their call. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

(in English): This diploma thesis deals with events related to student protests in 1968 in Mexico during which occurred a violent suppression of demonstrations against a rigid political system controlled by the PRI for several decades. This diploma thesis describes the course of the demonstrations from June to October 1968, using declassified diplomatic notes and intelligence prepared by relevant bureaus of the United States of America operating in Mexico as a source. The well-known and mapped events of student protests in Mexico in 1968 which escalated with the bloodshed in the square in Tlateloclo, Mexico, D.F., where soldiers and policemen interfered with protestors, are examined in the perspective of American diplomats and intelligence officers.

The aim of this work is to answer questions of effectiveness in controlling inflation, changes in unemployment rate, reduce government spendings, deregulation and decentralization in both countries, confirm or refute theoretical assumptions of Laffer´s curve on the example of consequence of tax cuts in United States of America, privatization and the implications of the fight with the unions in Great Britain and the overall effect of the implementation of neoliberal concepts in both countries. This work compares the implementation and impact of neoliberal concepts of economic policy in the UK and in the United States and it provides insight into the effectiveness of the chosen means.

Subject of the diploma thesis is to describe common and distinct characteristics of European Union and United States of America's tax harmonization and tax competition, with focus on the corporate income taxes. It comprises characterization of both systems, it defines theirs strong and weak points and it points out significant states regarding tax competition. Main research task of the diploma thesis was to find some improving suggestions for European Union, based on United States of America's experience.