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The Strawberry Volcanics of Northeast Oregon are a group of geochemically related lavas with a diverse chemical range (basalt to rhyolite) that erupted between 16.2 and 12.5 Ma and co-erupted with the large, (~200,000 km3) Middle Miocene tholeiitic lavas of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG), which erupted near and geographically surround the Strawberry Volcanics. The rhyolitic lavas of the Strawberry Volcanics produced the oldest 40Ar/39Ar ages measured in this study with ages ranging from 16.2 Ma to 14.6 Ma, and have an estimated total erupted volume of 100 km3. The mafic and intermediate lavas of the Strawberry Volcanics include both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline compositions; calc-alkaline andesite is the dominant type by volume. 40Ar/39Ar ages of the mafic and intermediate lava flows range from 15.6 Ma to 12.5 Ma, and volume estimates of the intermediate lavas are approximately 1,100 km3. The magmas that gave rise to the Strawberry Volcanics traveled to the surface through numerous dikes, some of which have been exposed at the surface and supplied lava to fissure – style eruptions and/or shield volcanoes. Herein, we show that the Strawberry Volcanics are related to the CRBG in both time and space and share a chemical affinity, specifically to the Steens Basalt. Chemical similarities are observed in normalized trace element patterns, selected trace element ratios, and radiogenic isotopes. Comparison of the Strawberry Volcanic rhyolites to the other Middle Miocene rhyolites of eastern Oregon associated with the initiation of the Yellowstone – Snake River mantle plume reveals similar eruption ages, trace element compositions, including the rare earth elements (REEs), and "A-type" rhyolite characteristics. These data suggest that the Strawberry Volcanics are part of the regional volcanism (basalt to rhyolite) of the Columbia River Basalt Province. The petrogenesis of the Strawberry Volcanics can be explained as follows: 1) The tholeiitic, intermediate magmas were produced by fractional crystallization of mafic magmas, which have a commonality with the surrounding Columbia River Basalt Group; 2) The calc-alkaline magmas are a result of mixing between tholeiitic basalt, rhyolite, and crust. The arc-like signature of the calc-alkaline lavas (elevated large ion lithophiles) is a result of both the melting source region and the end-members with which the mafic magmas mixed/contaminated. Other authors have produced similar findings from within the Basin and Range/Oregon-Idaho graben and CRB province. The difference at the Strawberry Volcanics is that there is no need for a primitive calc-alkaline magma or extensive fractional crystallization to generate the calc-alkaline andesites. Alternatively, the calc-alkaline magmas of the Strawberry Volcanics were generated by a more primitive tholeiitic magma than erupted at the surface, which interacted with crustal melts and assimilated crustal lithologies from the complex zone of assimilated terranes that make up the basement of eastern Oregon.

In 1867, the budding naturalist and future father of our national parks, John Muir, embarked on his thousand-mile walk to the Gulf from Jeffersonville, Indiana, to Cedar Key, Florida. Almost 150 years later I undertook the same journey, retracing the wilderness advocate’s footsteps through the South to catalog all that has changed in a century and a half of progress, to try and better understand the inception of his environmental ethics, and to learn to see the world as he did, harmonious, interconnected, rejuvenating and imbued with a pervasive spirituality. The chapters of this thesis retell selected legs of that journey.

As the United States becomes increasingly urbanized, the importance of federally designated wilderness areas as places of reflection and refuge from city life becomes even more apparent. These wilderness areas provide visitors with opportunities for solitude, recreation, and connecting with nature. Wilderness has long been important to American society, influencing the likes of John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, and Henry David Thoreau. With the passage of the Wilderness Act of 1964, the assurance that these areas would remain protected in perpetuity for the enjoyment of the American people was enshrined into law. While these wilderness areas remain protected by Federal law, increasing visitation rates and changing social norms may begin to threaten the so-called "wilderness experience," making it difficult for visitors to enjoy and experience the conditions set forth in the Wilderness Act. Wilderness managers must therefore seek to understand the attitudes, preferences, and motivations of wilderness visitors using these areas to ensure that management conditions provide for a high-quality wilderness experience. This study uses quantitative survey methods to explore differences in management preferences, wilderness conditions, and crowding perceptions between overnight and day visitors to wilderness areas. Visitors were surveyed at 30 trailheads throughout the Olympic National Park Wilderness during the summer of 2012. While wilderness visitors held many similar opinions on management preferences and wilderness conditions, there were differences in the degree to which they agreed or disagreed. Overnight visitors tended to be more sensitive to crowding than day visitors, both on hiking trails and at attraction sites, and were more supportive of management policies that limited access in favor of increasing opportunities for solitude experiences. This study supports the use of a management by objectives framework that incorporates indicators and standards of quality to ensure that certain conditions are met. Findings from this study can aid in the development of standards for crowding and the establishment of other management policies in Olympic National Park Wilderness to ensure that all visitors are provided with the opportunity for a high-quality wilderness experience.

New wilderness is a term denoting a particular kind of environment which is considerably modified by human activity and then abandoned. These places are left to their own development defined mostly by natural processes. This work describes the phenomenon of new wilderness both in Czech and international context. It attempts to capture not only the general nature of new wilderness but also to point out various features which are provoked by its character. Subsequently it discusses the theory of Umwelt by Jakob von Uexküll describing the relation of individual to the world and treating the space as perceived individually. Second part of this work is dedicated to concrete example of new wilderness - Rohan island in Prague. It summarizes its history and natural conditions. The concepts of Umwelt and heterotopia are then applied to this locality. The two theories in question, conceiving space in a specific way, develop further the complexity and richness of the phenomenon of new wilderness.

Cette thèse analyse le mythe de la sauvagerie tel qu’il a pu se représenter dans le rock’n’rollen Amérique du Nord au cours des années 1950. Nous identifions la rébellion adolescentecomme un fait social ayant suscité une représentation moderne de la sauvagerie, par denouveaux idéaux en confrontation avec ceux du monde des adultes. Nous décryptons ensuiteles raisons pour lesquelles le rock’n’roll est apparu comme un genre musical porteur de cettesauvagerie dans la musique d’Elvis Presley. L’analyse comparée de deux versions de HoundDog, celle de « Big Mama » Thornton, avec sa musicalité typiquement rhythm’n’blues, et lacréation rock’n’roll d’Elvis Presley, nous permet de mettre en relief les innovations musicalesdu rock’n’roll et leurs représentations sauvages : la naissance du style d’Elvis, rationalisable àtravers l’idée de cross-pollination, puis la cristallisation d’un style sauvage, qui révèle uncertain nombre d’innovations à partir de la condensation d’éléments musicaux issus desmusiques les plus rejetées des États-Unis. Nous expliquons finalement par la musiquecomment la sauvagerie a pu devenir une réalité tangible du rock’n’roll en tant que dynamiquede création, comme l’expression musicale d’un « excès mesuré ». Nous confrontons cesreprésentations de la sauvagerie à la musique de Jerry Lee Lewis, de Little Richard et de LinkWray. Ce travail musicologique éclaire les innovations de leur style personnel, dans la réalitéobjective de leurs singularités musicales, pour mieux rendre à la « chose sauvage » toute sonimportance dans la dynamique de création du genre musical / This dissertation analizes the myth of the wild side such as it has been represented in theAmerican fifties through rock ’n’ roll. Teen rebellion is seen as a social fact which stirred up anew representation of the modern wild side, through ideals confronted to the adult world andits own ideals. Then we try to find the reasons why rock ’n’ roll, and more specifically ElvisPresley’s music, appeared as a musical genre which embodied and purveyed that wild side.Analysing two different versions of Hound Dog – the typically African American version of« Big Mama » Thornton and Elvis Presley’s rock ’n’ roll creation – allows us to underline theinnovations brought by rock ’n’ roll and the representations of wilderness : the birth of ElvisPresley’s style, which we can reason through the idea of cross-pollination, then thecrystallisation of a typically wild style that reveals various innovations through thecondensation of various musical elements coming from the most rejected musics in the UnitedStates. Then we explain through music itself how the wild side became a tangible reality inrock ’n’ roll, a creative dynamic and the expression of a « moderate excess ». Finally, weconfront those representations of the wild thing to the music played by Jerry Lee Lewis, LittleRichard and Link Wray. Musicology sheds light on the innovations contained in their ownpersonal styles and the reality of their musical particularities thus allowing us to show thewild side as a crucial thing in the creation of rock ’n’ roll

In this paper, I will detail the process of making the graduate thesis film Historia Naturalis. I will begin with how the idea came into being in the first part. Next, I will outline the methodology from screenwriting to completion- examining all the major creative and production related elements. Finally, I will attempt to personally analyze the success of the final project.

Ring-width chronologies from Pinus resinosa Ait., Pinus strobus L., and Thuja occidentalis L. were developed in two areas of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness to assess their growth climate response and their potential for developing reconstructions of climate. New red pine chronologies were combined with existing chronologies to extend the ring-width record both into the past and into the present. Ring-width response to climate, assessed using correlation analysis and response functions, was broadly similar among all three species with relatively significant positive relationships with June–July precipitation and significant negative (but less consistent) associations with June–July temperatures (p < 0.05). White-cedar appeared to have a broader phenological window of response with a stronger spring influence when compared to other species included in this study. Comparisons with other nearby proxies showed relatively strong coherence overall but with some important regional differences. Overall, these species may be useful for placing current climatic patterns in the Boundary Waters within a longer term perspective but care should be taken with respect to identifying appropriate climatic records for calibration.

Abstract “LANDSCAPES SUBLIME: IMPERIALISM, THE WILDERNESS IDEAL AND THE HISTORY OF CONSERVATION IN TANZANIA" The aim of this dissertation is to trace the implications that Western views of nature have had for the restructuring of African landscapes through the creation of game reserves and national parks, with a particular focus on Tanzania. I contend that wilderness spaces are the main repositories of a western imaginary that longs for those places where nature is prodigious and untamed, uncontaminated by development and devoid of people. The idealization of landscapes is derived from the aesthetic of the Romantic sublime with its dual impulse: the quest for escape from a fragmenting and morally corrupting capitalist society, and the search for the immutable and the transcendent in landscape 'untouched' by development. In Africa the physical manifestation of the wilderness landscape ideal came to be reflected in real space – the space of the East African national park. To produce a wild landscape in which animals roam free required the reproduction of a certain ideology of nature which may have been inaugurated during the colonial period, but which has been assimilated and even expanded by post-colonial regimes like Tanzania. Why is it, I ask, that the wilderness landscape ideal is so remarkably persistent in the post-colonial, post-socialist Tanzania of today? Taking the approach of scholars like Mitchell, I ask not just what landscape ‘is or ‘means’ but what it does in this context.

O período de quarenta anos em que os Filhos de Israel saíram do Egito e entraram na terra de Canaã foi um período de grandes milagres e maravilhas. Toda a sobrevivência foi milagrosa, distante das cidades, em lugares que dificultam a sobrevivência do homem, como desertos áridos e inóspitos. A escolha da rota para esta jornada não foi aleatória. Esta escolha parece estar apoiada em fatores geográficos, ambientais, estratégicos e de segurança. Os quarenta e dois acampamentos, ou estações, não parecem objetivos em si, mas meros estágios intermediários da grande jornada à terra de Canaã. Apesar disto, cada um destes lugares tem uma história e um significado, e aparenta ser parte integrante de um plano Divino. Todo o período de jornadas pelo deserto, então, configura-se como uma provação necessária para a geração que as vivenciou, uma vez que um grupo de escravos tornou-se uma nação, com unidade nacional, leis e um sentido de existência. Esta é a história do nascimento de um povo. O ponto alto desta jornada, a ser destacado, é o recebimento da Torá no Monte Sinai, que marcou de forma única e definitiva a existência e a história de Israel. / The forty-year period in which the children of Israel left Egypt and entered the land of Canaan was a period of miracles and wonders. Being far from the cities, in places where human survival was extremely difficult and challenging, such as in dry and inhospitable deserts, survival was a miracle. The choice of the route for this journey was anything but random. It appears to be contingent upon geographic, environmental, strategic and security factors. The forty two stops or stations dont seem to be the final destinations in themselves, but rather mere intermediate stages of the long journey to the land of Canaan. In despite of this, each one of these locations has a history and a meaning and seems to be a part of a Divine plan. Thus, the whole period of the wanderings through the desert seems to be a necessary test for that generation. It transformed a group of slaves into a nation, with a national unity, laws and a sense of existence. It is the history of the birth of a nation. The climax of this journey is the reception of the Torah in the Mount Sinai, which marked in a unique and final way the history of Israel.