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The relationship between masculinity norms and adventure therapy outcomes for young adult menScheinfeld, David Emmanuel 27 November 2012 (has links)
The proposed study aims to employ a longitudinal within-subjects design to examine the relationship between young men’s levels of conformity to masculine norms and their therapeutic outcomes after participating in a wilderness-based adventure therapy intervention. Specifically, we plan to use multiple regression, including hierarchical multiple regression, analyses to investigate whether men’s level of conformity to masculine norms (as measured by the CMNI, Mahalik, et al., 2003) moderates the relationship between outcome variables measured at pre-intervention vs. post-intervention, and at post-intervention vs. 6-month follow-up. The outcome variables (criterion dependent variables) include: 1) therapy outcomes as measured by the OQ-45 (Wells et. al., 1996); 2) therapeutic insight/process outcomes as measured TRS-R (Kolden et al. 2000). / text
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Die impak van 'n wildernisekspedisie op persoonlike en groepseffektiwiteit tydens 'n spanbouprogram / Gustav Carl GreffrathGreffrath, Gustav Carl January 2006 (has links)
The concept outdoor team building implies a set of consecutive learning experience activities that are mainly conducted in the outdoors with the aim of positively influencing the behaviour of the participant (McEvoy & Buller, 1997:209). According to Wagner et al. (1991:53) this form of team building mainly comprises of centre-based team building programs and wilderness-based team building programs. During CBTB the participants live and eat indoors while the participation in structured team building activities takes place outdoors. In contrast to this, the participants in wilderness-based team building live outdoors and take part in strenuous activities such as rock climbing, mountain climbing, orientation, camping, canoeing and sailing.
In the corporate world there is currently a tendency to make use of CBTB to increase organizational effectiveness (Buller et al., 1991:58; Irvine & Wilson, 1994:25;
Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4; DuFrene et al., 1999:24; lngram & Desombre, 1999:16;
Salas et al., 1999:309-310; WiIliams et al., 2003:45). Notwithstanding the increasing popularity of these programs, there exists much scepticism concerning the real value of CBTB (Gall, 1987:58; Wagner & Roland, 1992:61; Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4).
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness. According to Borrie and Roggenbuck (2001:3) the most innovative and comprehensive results of the dynamic nature of outdoor team building programs have been found in the wilderness or a type of wilderness environment, Ewert en McAvoy (2000:15) are of the opinion that the participation in activities in the wilderness can have a significant impact on the individual as well as the group.
The test subject is identified by means of an availability sample and is randomly divided ahead of time into a control group as well as two separate experimental groups who participated in the CBTB (Venterskroon, Vredefort Dome) and the wilderness expedition (Central Drakensberg).
This study is executed in the form of a quantitative pre-test post-test design (Thomas & Nelson, 2001:321-322). To measure personal effectiveness use is made of the Review of Personal Effectiveness and Locus of Control (ROPELOC) with a Cronbach
Alpha-value of between 0,79 and 0,93 (Richards et al., 2002:1-4). The instrument focuses on psychological and behavioural aspects that are key components of personal effectiveness (Richards et al., 2002:1). The ROPELOC consist of 45 questions and is made up of seven main components of which three consist of various underlying subcomponents. The difference can be determined with regard to the main components as well as the underlying subcomponents. For the measuring of group effectiveness use was made of an improved version of Herselman’s (1998:149) group effectiveness questionnaire. It was aimed with this questionnaire to determine the effect of CBTB and the wilderness expedition on group effectiveness, as well as which advantages, if any, it has for the individual. This questionnaire consists of open and closed items on group aspects as well as individual aspects, to determine the participants’ attitude with regard to certain variables before and after exposure to the CBTB and the wilderness expedition.
The results of this study showed that both experimental groups (CBTB and wilderness expedition) brought about successful change. With reference to personal effectiveness the paired t-tests showed that the CBTB lead to more change with regard to the main components as well as the subcomponents than the wilderness expedition. This change took place with regard to personal ability and beliefs, organizational skills, overall effectiveness, self-efficacy, time management and the coping with change. With regard to group effectiveness the wilderness expedition lead to more change than the CBTB with reference to group cohesion, leadership development, attitude change, success experience, self-concept, self-confidence and dealing with criticism. To determine whether there was a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, use was made of a covariance analysis. The results of these tests showed that with regard to personal effectiveness there was only one practically significant intergroup difference, namely stress management, and that with regard to group effectiveness two significant intergroup differences were found, namely creativity and group moral. In all of these cases the CBTB exhibited better. On the basis of these results the assumption that CBTB is more effective than a wilderness expedition, for the improvement of personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, cannot be made.
It is recommended that CBTB be given preference if the outcomes of the program is personal effectiveness and wilderness expedition be used to improve group effectiveness. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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Tourism attractions and land use interactions : Case studies from protected areas in the Swedish mountain regionWall Reinius, Sandra January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Where the wild things are: exploring the concept of wilderness and its moral implicationsWoodrooffe, Daphne Sophia Unknown Date
No description available.
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Place identity, guides, and sustainable tourism in Canada's Yukon Territoryde la Barre, Suzanne Unknown Date
No description available.
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Prophetic asceticism in the wilderness : dilemmas of liberation and inculturation in the interreligious paradigms of Aloysius Pieris S.J.Bellemare, Mario. January 1998 (has links)
This work explores the interreligious paradigms proposed by Sri Lankan theologian Aloysius Pieris from a liberationist methodological standpoint. Pieris' paradigms uncover the exclusivist tendencies of some liberation theology toward 'religion' and the anti-liberative tendencies of the inculturationist school of interreligious dialogue. / The Christ-against-Religion paradigm delineates how some Latin American liberation theology constructs a sharp dichotomy between "liberative faith" and "popular religion." / The Christ-of-Religion paradigm of the Brahminic Ashram movement in India is focused on personal liberation without regard for systemic poverty and oppression. / Pieris has endeavoured to bridge the dichotomy between liberation and inculturation through what I have labelled a method of prophetic asceticism . / Using insights from feminist theology, I argue that Pieris' dialectical method subtly reactivates the oppositional Christ-against-Religion paradigm in his theology. I propose the Exodus wilderness as an intrinsic part of the liberative process and to complement Pieris' dialectics. The wilderness is a landscape of survival for God's vanquished people; a landscape of doubt that can bring forth the bread of heaven.
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Wilderness and the law.Glavovic, Peter Dusan. January 1992 (has links)
Wilderness areas face serious threats to their integrity and continued existence. The law
has a critical role to play in their protection. To be effective, however, the law must be
based on sound philosophical and socio-economic considerations.
There is increasing recognition, internationally and nationally, of the utilitarian, intrinsic
and biocentric values of wilderness and wildlife. There is also an international trend
toward recognition and accommodation of tribal cultures and their traditional natural
resource harvesting rights within national legal and political systems. Effective
protection of the wilderness resource on which South African tribal cultures depend for
their continued existence is essential. Communities adjacent to wilderness areas must
be allowed to participate in the determination of the boundaries of, the preparation and
implementation of the management plans for, and the benefits derived from, such areas.
Wilderness management in South Africa must be linked to economic planning and rural
development.
The values of wilderness to humankind are increasingly being recognised and protected
in international treaties and national legal systems. A comparative analysis of relevant
events in the United States, in particular, clearly demonstrates that the most effective
vehicle for establishment of a national wilderness system is a national wilderness statute.
South Africa should acknowledge the international trend towards wilderness
preservation, take instruction from the legal initiatives and protective mechanisms
adopted in other countries, recognise that its wilderness is a global heritage, and accept '
that it has an obligation to protect what remains of its wild country, not only in the
interests of its present and future generations, but also in the interests of the world
community.
A review of the history and current status of wilderness in South Africa, and of the laws
which indirectly or directly provide protection of wilderness areas, wilderness values, or
wilderness equivalents, suggests that there is a need for a new legal dispensation for the
preservation of the remnants of South African wilderness. At present there is statutory
protection of declared wilderness areas in State forests only, in terms of the Forest Act
122 of 1984. There is no direct legislative protection of wilderness on other public lands,
and no legal protection of wilderness on private land. Effective and sustainable
protection of South African wilderness will best be achieved through the medium of an
appropriate national Wilderness Act. / Thesis (LL.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1992.
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Dehistoricised Histories: The Cultural Significance of Recent Popular New Zealand Historical FictionTyson, A. F. January 2007 (has links)
The recent popularity of mass-market New Zealand historical fiction coincides with the
increasing vocality of particular cultural discourses that resist the influence of revisionist
histories on dominant understandings of national identity. This thesis examines how the
depiction of colonial history in four such novels legitimates and sustains hegemonic
understandings of New Zealand as culturally European. The novels analysed are The
Denniston Rose (2003) by Jenny Pattrick, Tamar (2002) by Deborah Challinor, The Cost
of Courage (2003) by Carol Thomas, and The Love Apple (2005) by Coral Atkinson. The
cultural context in which these books have been produced is situated within a history of
nationalist discourses and Raymond Williams’s theorisation of hegemonic cultural
processes is employed to explain how contemporary national culture continues to rely on
colonial principles that sustain settler cultural dominance. Close analysis of the temporal
and geographical settings of the novels reveals how the portrayal of history in these
novels evades colonial conquest and the Māori cultural presence. A comparison of the
historical and contemporary cultural significance of the spatial settings employed in these
novels – the wilderness, pastoral, and colonial urban spaces – highlights how these
settings tacitly communicate that New Zealand is culturally European. Nevertheless, the
problematic cultural legacies of colonialism still haunt these novels. The way in which
the narratives resolve these issues reveals that hegemonic New Zealand identity is reliant
on a dehistoricised view of settlement and therefore perpetually vulnerable to the
intrusion of Māori memory.
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Summiting in the Last Wilderness: A Cultural and Environmental History of Mountaineering in AlaskaBarnwell, Allison M 01 January 2014 (has links)
Mountaineering is not typically considered an academic subject. Nor is there much scholarship on the sport, let alone its history in the state with the smallest population, Alaska. Yet through analysis of the sport, deeper connections in the relationship between humans and the environment, the history of colonizing both indigenous peoples and land, and the place of gender and sport in Alaska come to light. Mountaineers that traveled to Alaska in the late 19th century and early 20th century were some of the first advocates for protecting its land, yet also displayed their imperialist and masculine values in the mountains. The effects of these approaches to climbing structurally excluded women and furthered the project of colonizing the land by both physically and metaphorically claiming the peaks of mountains for the nation. Their climbing also contributed to the idea that humans conquered nature; by dominating the peaks these climbers saw themselves in a battle with nature, and reaching the summit was their victory. As World War II hit Alaska, new approaches to climbing surfaced, reflecting both the spirit of war time in Alaska and the resulting population boom. Organized through the branches of climbing and environmental clubs, women began to participate with a distinctly female culture of climbing. Women sometimes expressed views of the union between humans and nature, and men also organized as environmental protectors due to their experiences in the mountains. Yet as this thesis will point out, in viewing nature and humans as separate mountaineers encouraged the view that Alaska and its land were a wilderness resource for recreation, rather than a land to act in community towards. This thesis attempts to complicate the sport of mountaineering, documenting the ways people climbed and the different meanings they embedded in their climbing activity.
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Die impak van 'n wildernisekspedisie op persoonlike en groepseffektiwiteit tydens 'n spanbouprogram / Gustav Carl GreffrathGreffrath, Gustav Carl January 2006 (has links)
The concept outdoor team building implies a set of consecutive learning experience activities that are mainly conducted in the outdoors with the aim of positively influencing the behaviour of the participant (McEvoy & Buller, 1997:209). According to Wagner et al. (1991:53) this form of team building mainly comprises of centre-based team building programs and wilderness-based team building programs. During CBTB the participants live and eat indoors while the participation in structured team building activities takes place outdoors. In contrast to this, the participants in wilderness-based team building live outdoors and take part in strenuous activities such as rock climbing, mountain climbing, orientation, camping, canoeing and sailing.
In the corporate world there is currently a tendency to make use of CBTB to increase organizational effectiveness (Buller et al., 1991:58; Irvine & Wilson, 1994:25;
Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4; DuFrene et al., 1999:24; lngram & Desombre, 1999:16;
Salas et al., 1999:309-310; WiIliams et al., 2003:45). Notwithstanding the increasing popularity of these programs, there exists much scepticism concerning the real value of CBTB (Gall, 1987:58; Wagner & Roland, 1992:61; Wagner & Campbell, 1994:4).
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness. According to Borrie and Roggenbuck (2001:3) the most innovative and comprehensive results of the dynamic nature of outdoor team building programs have been found in the wilderness or a type of wilderness environment, Ewert en McAvoy (2000:15) are of the opinion that the participation in activities in the wilderness can have a significant impact on the individual as well as the group.
The test subject is identified by means of an availability sample and is randomly divided ahead of time into a control group as well as two separate experimental groups who participated in the CBTB (Venterskroon, Vredefort Dome) and the wilderness expedition (Central Drakensberg).
This study is executed in the form of a quantitative pre-test post-test design (Thomas & Nelson, 2001:321-322). To measure personal effectiveness use is made of the Review of Personal Effectiveness and Locus of Control (ROPELOC) with a Cronbach
Alpha-value of between 0,79 and 0,93 (Richards et al., 2002:1-4). The instrument focuses on psychological and behavioural aspects that are key components of personal effectiveness (Richards et al., 2002:1). The ROPELOC consist of 45 questions and is made up of seven main components of which three consist of various underlying subcomponents. The difference can be determined with regard to the main components as well as the underlying subcomponents. For the measuring of group effectiveness use was made of an improved version of Herselman’s (1998:149) group effectiveness questionnaire. It was aimed with this questionnaire to determine the effect of CBTB and the wilderness expedition on group effectiveness, as well as which advantages, if any, it has for the individual. This questionnaire consists of open and closed items on group aspects as well as individual aspects, to determine the participants’ attitude with regard to certain variables before and after exposure to the CBTB and the wilderness expedition.
The results of this study showed that both experimental groups (CBTB and wilderness expedition) brought about successful change. With reference to personal effectiveness the paired t-tests showed that the CBTB lead to more change with regard to the main components as well as the subcomponents than the wilderness expedition. This change took place with regard to personal ability and beliefs, organizational skills, overall effectiveness, self-efficacy, time management and the coping with change. With regard to group effectiveness the wilderness expedition lead to more change than the CBTB with reference to group cohesion, leadership development, attitude change, success experience, self-concept, self-confidence and dealing with criticism. To determine whether there was a difference between a wilderness expedition and a CBTB with regard to personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, use was made of a covariance analysis. The results of these tests showed that with regard to personal effectiveness there was only one practically significant intergroup difference, namely stress management, and that with regard to group effectiveness two significant intergroup differences were found, namely creativity and group moral. In all of these cases the CBTB exhibited better. On the basis of these results the assumption that CBTB is more effective than a wilderness expedition, for the improvement of personal effectiveness and group effectiveness, cannot be made.
It is recommended that CBTB be given preference if the outcomes of the program is personal effectiveness and wilderness expedition be used to improve group effectiveness. / Thesis (M.A. (Recreation Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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