This article examines female asexual reproduction, or parthenogenesis, in Hesiod’s Theogony and argues that it is a symptom of the unprecedented and unparalleled female presence Hesiod inserts into his cosmos. This presence in turn reflects Hesiod’s incorporation of gender difference and conflict as indispensable both to the creation and, paradoxically, to the stability of the universe. Five of Hesiod’s deities reproduce parthenogenetically: Chaos, Gaea, Night, Strife, and Hera, of whom all but the sexually indeterminate Chaos are female. Hesiod’s male gods have no analogous reproductive ability. The parthenogenetic phases of the early goddesses form much of the fundamental shape and character of the universe, while in the case of Hera, parthenogenesis serves initially as an act of defiance against Zeus but ultimately enforces his reign. Parthenogenesis does not have these functions in either the Near Eastern or other Greek cosmogonic traditions, a difference that reflects Hesiod’s greater emphasis on female participation in his succession myth. Yet Hesiod’s cosmogonic narrative, like others, culminates in the lasting reign of a male god, Zeus. In this context parthenogenesis is a manifestation of female creation, which ultimately reinforces the stability of a male sovereign. The relative prominence of parthenogenesis in the Theogony reflects Hesiod’s emphasis on gender difference and conflict as indispensable to a cosmos in which conflict and concord coexist as equal partners in creation and stability.

Σκοπός της προκείμενης εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της παράδοσης η οποία συνδέθηκε άρρηκτα με το όνομα του Ορφέα και ιδιαίτερα της ορφικής κοσμογονίας (Ορφικά-Κοσμογονικά). Το ενδιαφέρον θα εστιαστεί στις δύο εκδοχές της ορφικής θεογονίας, όσον αφορά στις πρώτες Αρχές. Σύμφωνα με την πρώτη εκδοχή πρώτη γενεσιουργός Αρχή ήταν η Νύχτα (Εύδημος), ενώ σύμφωνα με τη δεύτερη ο Χρόνος (Ὀρφικές ῥαψῳδίες, Ιερώνυμος και Ελλάνικος). Το κοινό σημείο και των δύο εκδοχών είναι η παρουσία της κατεξοχήν ορφικής οντότητας, του Πρωτόγονου (Πρωτόγονος-Φάνης-Έρως), ως γεννήματος της Νύχτας στην πρώτη εκδοχή και ως γεννήματος του Χρόνου στη δεύτερη. Θα εξεταστεί αναλυτικά η φύση, ο ρόλος, καθώς και η θέση του Πρωτόγονου στον ορφισμό, με σκοπό την πλήρη περιγραφή του. / --

Para Davi Arrigucci Jr., em O mundo misturado: romance e experiência em Guimarães Rosa, a canção de Siruiz contém, cifrada em suas palavras enigmáticas, o destino de Riobaldo. O propósito deste estudo é, a partir da análise mitopoética dos versos dessa canção e dos que o próprio protagonista-narrador do Grande sertão: veredas compôs para complementá-la, tentar decifrar o destino individual do herói problemático Riobaldo e os plurais e dialéticos sentidos de sua travessia. Para tanto, embasados na fortuna crítica e no acervo de leituras, depoimentos e cartas de Rosa, buscamos analisar comparativamente o motivo da canção no romance, em algumas das demais obras do autor, e em clássicos como a Teogonia, de Hesíodo, a Vita Nuova e A Divina Comédia, de Dante Alighieri, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e o Fausto, de Goethe, a obra inacabada Heinrich von Ofterdingen, de Novalis, além de levantar alusões à Bíblia, à tradição fáustica e à tradição romanesca medieval que, ao que tudo indica, também serviram de inspiração e intertexto para Rosa na gênese e nos desígnios da canção de Siruiz e de seus contextos de representação. / According to Arrigucci Jr., in The Mixed World - Romance and Experience in Guimarães Rosa, the song of Siruiz contains, encrypted in his enigmatic words, the destiny of Riobaldo. The purpose of this study is, from the mythopoetic analysis of the verses of this song and of those that the protagonist-narrator of Grande Sertão: Veredas composed in order to complement it, try to decipher the individual destiny of the problematical hero Riobaldo and the plurals and dialecticals senses of his trajectory. In order to do so, we sought, based on readings acquis and critiques, as well as on depositions and letters from Rosa, to analyze comparatively the motif of the song not only in the romance but also in some other works of the author, as well as in other classics, such as Theogony, by Hesiod, Vita Nuova and The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship and the Faust, by Goethe, and the incomplete novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, by Novalis. In addition, we sought to raise allusions to the Bible, to the Faustian traditions and to the medieval novelistic tradition, which, it seems, were also used as inspiration and intertext by Rosa on Siruiz songs genesis and designs, as well as on its contexts of representation.

Para Davi Arrigucci Jr., em O mundo misturado: romance e experiência em Guimarães Rosa, a canção de Siruiz contém, cifrada em suas palavras enigmáticas, o destino de Riobaldo. O propósito deste estudo é, a partir da análise mitopoética dos versos dessa canção e dos que o próprio protagonista-narrador do Grande sertão: veredas compôs para complementá-la, tentar decifrar o destino individual do herói problemático Riobaldo e os plurais e dialéticos sentidos de sua travessia. Para tanto, embasados na fortuna crítica e no acervo de leituras, depoimentos e cartas de Rosa, buscamos analisar comparativamente o motivo da canção no romance, em algumas das demais obras do autor, e em clássicos como a Teogonia, de Hesíodo, a Vita Nuova e A Divina Comédia, de Dante Alighieri, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e o Fausto, de Goethe, a obra inacabada Heinrich von Ofterdingen, de Novalis, além de levantar alusões à Bíblia, à tradição fáustica e à tradição romanesca medieval que, ao que tudo indica, também serviram de inspiração e intertexto para Rosa na gênese e nos desígnios da canção de Siruiz e de seus contextos de representação. / According to Arrigucci Jr., in The Mixed World - Romance and Experience in Guimarães Rosa, the song of Siruiz contains, encrypted in his enigmatic words, the destiny of Riobaldo. The purpose of this study is, from the mythopoetic analysis of the verses of this song and of those that the protagonist-narrator of Grande Sertão: Veredas composed in order to complement it, try to decipher the individual destiny of the problematical hero Riobaldo and the plurals and dialecticals senses of his trajectory. In order to do so, we sought, based on readings acquis and critiques, as well as on depositions and letters from Rosa, to analyze comparatively the motif of the song not only in the romance but also in some other works of the author, as well as in other classics, such as Theogony, by Hesiod, Vita Nuova and The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri, Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship and the Faust, by Goethe, and the incomplete novel Heinrich von Ofterdingen, by Novalis. In addition, we sought to raise allusions to the Bible, to the Faustian traditions and to the medieval novelistic tradition, which, it seems, were also used as inspiration and intertext by Rosa on Siruiz songs genesis and designs, as well as on its contexts of representation.

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Diploma work Lived Space of Archaic Greece Eliška Luhanová (UFaR FF UK) tutor: Mgr. Sylva Fischerová, PhD. Abstract The diploma work Lived Space of Archaic Greece reconstructs the spatial structuration of the world in archaic Greece on the basis of a systematic reading of Hesiod's poems, mainly the Theogony. Nevertheless it takes into account also another texts which help to illuminate the archaic Greek thought, in particular the works of archaic poets and later dramatic texts, which preserve many of the archaic visions. In same cases the subsequent evolution of the subject is pointed out moreover, especially where the authors classified as first philosophers by the later tradition are concerned. The main contribution of the work lies in reconstruction of the cosmogonic process, based on the poetical account given by Hesiod. This process is interpreted as a successive constitution of the world order, which culminates by establishing Zeus as a world sovereign and at the same time as a successive constitution of the world as a differentiated spatial whole. This constitution thus proceeds in a form of differentiation, which means partly a mutual differentiation of the gradually emergent cosmical constituents, partly an intrinsic differentiation of the particular constituents of the cosmic structure. First...

O objetivo desta tese é analisar as criaturas amiúde consideradas monstruosas bem como os termos geralmente traduzidos por monstro presentes em três poemas da tradição de poesia hexamétrica arcaica, a saber, a Teogonia de Hesíodo, o Hino Homérico a Apolo e a Odisseia de Homero. A análise dessas criaturas tem como foco o modo como são descritas e o papel que desempenham nas narrativas contidas nesses poemas, para a qual são utilizadas como abordagem teórico-metodológica a referencialidade tradicional proposta e desenvolvida por John Miles Foley ao longo da década de 1990 bem como a perspectiva de que os poemas que constituem a tradição hexamétrica arcaica compõem uma história do cosmo, conforme desenvolvida por Barbara Graziosi e Johannes Haubold na década de 2000. Como resultado da análise das criaturas, de um lado, e dos termos traduzidos por monstro, de outro, questiona-se a pertinência da categoria monstro como geralmente pressuposta para essas criaturas no mundo moderno, tendo-se em vista que ela possa não existir na poesia hexamétrica arcaica, já que fazem parte de um sistema de pensamento em um mundo ainda não desencantado em termos weberianos, no qual a realidade empírica e a esfera divina enquanto representativa do sobrenatural estão profundamente imbricadas. Como instrumental teórico-metodológico para o questionamento acerca da existência ou não do monstro enquanto categoria em tal tradição poética, lançou-se mão das teorias de categorização de Wittgenstein, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, daquelas desenvolvidas por Eleanor Rosch e sua equipe durante a década de 1970, bem como as presentes nas obras de George Lakoff a partir da década de 1980. A proposição de que a categoria monstro como pressuposta e entendida no mundo moderno é inexistente para a poesia hexamétrica arcaica tem implicações na compreensão moderna dessas criaturas, que devem ser percebidas enquanto integrantes de um cosmo que não separa o sobrenatural, o maravilhoso e o divino nos mesmos termos que o faz a sociedade moderna ocidental, revelando a necessidade de compreender essas criaturas sob o ponto de vista da tradição que as criou ou as incorporou e ressignificou. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar as criaturas amiúde consideradas monstruosas bem como os termos geralmente traduzidos por monstro presentes em três poemas da tradição de poesia hexamétrica arcaica, a saber, a Teogonia de Hesíodo, o Hino Homérico a Apolo e a Odisseia de Homero. A análise dessas criaturas tem como foco o modo como são descritas e o papel que desempenham nas narrativas contidas nesses poemas, para a qual são utilizadas como abordagem teórico-metodológica a referencialidade tradicional proposta e desenvolvida por John Miles Foley ao longo da década de 1990 bem como a perspectiva de que os poemas que constituem a tradição hexamétrica arcaica compõem uma história do cosmo, conforme desenvolvida por Barbara Graziosi e Johannes Haubold na década de 2000. Como resultado da análise das criaturas, de um lado, e dos termos traduzidos por monstro, de outro, questiona-se a pertinência da categoria monstro como geralmente pressuposta para essas criaturas no mundo moderno, tendo-se em vista que ela possa não existir na poesia hexamétrica arcaica, já que fazem parte de um sistema de pensamento em um mundo ainda não desencantado em termos weberianos, no qual a realidade empírica e a esfera divina enquanto representativa do sobrenatural estão profundamente imbricadas. Como instrumental teórico-metodológico para o questionamento acerca da existência ou não do monstro enquanto categoria em tal tradição poética, lançou-se mão das teorias de categorização de Wittgenstein, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, daquelas desenvolvidas por Eleanor Rosch e sua equipe durante a década de 1970, bem como as presentes nas obras de George Lakoff a partir da década de 1980. A proposição de que a categoria monstro como pressuposta e entendida no mundo moderno é inexistente para a poesia hexamétrica arcaica tem implicações na compreensão moderna dessas criaturas, que devem ser percebidas enquanto integrantes de um cosmo que não separa o sobrenatural, o maravilhoso e o divino nos mesmos termos que o faz a sociedade moderna ocidental, revelando a necessidade de compreender essas criaturas sob o ponto de vista da tradição que as criou ou as incorporou e ressignificou. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-09-04T13:53:54Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-09-04T15:51:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T15:51:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida visando compreender e expor a ideia da gênese de Deus, ou Ser originário, e do mundo dos seres finitos a partir deste, na perspectiva de Schelling, como apresentada em As idades do mundo. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi balizada pela questão radical ‘por que existe alguma coisa e não antes o nada?’ Esta questão, por sua vez, foi analisada no âmbito da elaboração de um sistema dos tempos no interior do qual se articula o devir do Ser originário e da vida de Deus em suas diferentes idades. Daquela pergunta ontológicometafísica radical resulta a compreensão de que o surgimento do mundo dos seres finitos a partir de Deus é um processo livre e consciente. O propósito de Schelling em As idades do mundo é narrar cientificamente este processo, isto é, mostrar como o Absoluto sai de si mesmo e se revela na criação. Para a realização dos propósitos desta pesquisa, juntamente com questão radical, outras questões devem ser consideradas: como pode o homem conhecer a Deus? E, ainda, como conhecer e compreender o surgimento do tempo em sua bipolaridade finitude/eternidade? Na resposta a estas perguntas está contida uma ideia fundamental sobre a qual se consolidam as investigações de Schelling abordadas por essa pesquisa: Schelling acredita haver uma analogia entre o ser humano e Deus e, por isso, o homem possui uma cociência da criação. / The present research was developed aiming to understand and to expose the idea of God or primal Being’s genesis and the world of finite beings from this point on, in the perspective of F.W.J. Schelling, such as presented in The Ages of the World. To this effect the research was driven by the radical question ‘why is there something rather than nothing?’. For its part, this question was analyzed in the context of the formulation of a system of times in whose interior is articulated the yet-to-come of the primal Being and God's life in its different ages. From that ontological-metaphysical radical question comes out the understanding that the appearance of finite beings from God is a free and conscious process, i.e. God wants to reveal Himself. Schelling's purpose in The Ages of the World is to narrate this process scientifically, i.e. to show how the Absolute come out from itself and is revealed in the creation. The question, at this point, is an investigation of the Being, which reveals the metaphysical aspect of this research. Along with this radical question, is necessary to consider other some in order to achieve the purposes of this research: what makes possible for the finite and limited to know the infinite and unlimited? In other words, how can the man know God? And furthermore, how to know and understand the advent of time in its bipolarity finiteness/endlessness? That brings us to the epistemological aspect of this research. The answers to these questions contain an idea that will be widely explored in the research following this project: Schelling believes is an analogy between God and the human being and, therefore, the man has a co-knowledge of the creation. This is the fundamental idea followelly the investigations of Schelling in this research.