No description available.

Este estudo, incluindo a tradução dos textos gregos para o português, dedica-se aos Hinos Homéricos. Apresenta, de início, um panorama dos poemas; entende serem eles continuidade da Teogonia hesiódica; analisa-os em suas unidades e temas; investiga-lhes as teofanias; levanta suas fórmulas de abertura e fechamento; e versa sobre outras questões estruturais da espécie hínica. Discorre, em seguida, acerca das bases do poder de Zeus, firmadas nas seis obras que realizou para criar uma nova visão de mundo. Tais ações, narradas na Teogonia e nos Trabalhos de Hesíodo, encontram eco no canto de Hermes e nas demais referências a elas espalhadas nos hinos. Em seguida, após a identificação e exame dos traços da personalidade de Zeus, sua liderança passa a ser focalizada. Constata-se ali que Zeus, ainda que seja em sua essência delegador, utiliza-se de outros estilos de liderança quando a situação requer, a fim de influenciar seus seguidores quanto à missão que lhes cabe no universo. Finalmente, este estudo se detém nos motivos pelos quais os deuses obedecem a Zeus, e por que este obtém o empenho e o compromisso deles, e mostramos que a razão deste comportamento não se deve propriamente ao posto que ele ocupa, mas, à sua maneira de ser, firmeza de propósitos e princípios como liberdade, igualdade, confiança, respeito e reconhecimento, valores compartilhados pelos deuses. Fica, pois, então garantida a canalização da energia de todos para a missão da ordem e de justiça no mundo, condição essa essencial para a existência humana e para a vida em geral. Guiada por valores que priorizam o pensamento crítico, única forma capaz de tornar seus seguidores sujeitos de seus atos, a organização olímpia, liderada por Zeus, coloca-se distante da organização feudal, com seus vassalos submissos, passivos, dependentes, massa informe - como se vê - mais condizente com os deuses indistintos inseridos no ventre de Crono, de modo que, ao se tratar da liderança de Zeus e da razão por que os deuses se comprometem com ele, salta à vista a impropriedade de chamá-lo feudal. / This study, including the translation of Greek texts to Portuguese, honors the Homeric Hymns. An overview of the poems is presented at first; they are understood as the continuity of the Hesiodic Theogony; the unities and themes are analyzed; the teophanies are investigated; opening and closure formulas are raised; and some other structural issues of the hinic species are considered. The basis of Zeus power, stated in the six pieces of work for a new view of the world, are discussed later. Such actions, narrated in the Theogony and Hesiod Works, are echoed in Hermes chants and in other references throughout the hymns. Then, after the identification and traits exam of Zeus personality, his leadership starts to be focused. It is observed that, despite being essentially delegating, Zeus uses other leadership styles when required, to influence his followers as to their mission in the universe. Finally, this study highlights the reasons why the gods obey Zeus and why he obtains their involvement and compromise, showing that the reason of their behavior is not due exactly to his position but to his manners, firm purposes and principles such as liberty, equality, confidence, respect and acknowledgement, values shared by the gods. This guarantees the direction of the whole energy for the mission of order and justice in the world, essential condition for human existence and life in general. Guided by values prioritizing the critical thought, the only way to make his followers subjects of their acts, the Olympic organization, created by Zeus, is distant from the feudal organization, with its submissive servants, passive, dependent, shapeless mass – as it is seen - much more in accordance with the indistinct gods inserted in Krono belly, so that, when dealing with Zeus leadership and the reason why the gods where compromised with him, it is very clear the it is not appropriated to call him feudal.

Este estudo, incluindo a tradução dos textos gregos para o português, dedica-se aos Hinos Homéricos. Apresenta, de início, um panorama dos poemas; entende serem eles continuidade da Teogonia hesiódica; analisa-os em suas unidades e temas; investiga-lhes as teofanias; levanta suas fórmulas de abertura e fechamento; e versa sobre outras questões estruturais da espécie hínica. Discorre, em seguida, acerca das bases do poder de Zeus, firmadas nas seis obras que realizou para criar uma nova visão de mundo. Tais ações, narradas na Teogonia e nos Trabalhos de Hesíodo, encontram eco no canto de Hermes e nas demais referências a elas espalhadas nos hinos. Em seguida, após a identificação e exame dos traços da personalidade de Zeus, sua liderança passa a ser focalizada. Constata-se ali que Zeus, ainda que seja em sua essência delegador, utiliza-se de outros estilos de liderança quando a situação requer, a fim de influenciar seus seguidores quanto à missão que lhes cabe no universo. Finalmente, este estudo se detém nos motivos pelos quais os deuses obedecem a Zeus, e por que este obtém o empenho e o compromisso deles, e mostramos que a razão deste comportamento não se deve propriamente ao posto que ele ocupa, mas, à sua maneira de ser, firmeza de propósitos e princípios como liberdade, igualdade, confiança, respeito e reconhecimento, valores compartilhados pelos deuses. Fica, pois, então garantida a canalização da energia de todos para a missão da ordem e de justiça no mundo, condição essa essencial para a existência humana e para a vida em geral. Guiada por valores que priorizam o pensamento crítico, única forma capaz de tornar seus seguidores sujeitos de seus atos, a organização olímpia, liderada por Zeus, coloca-se distante da organização feudal, com seus vassalos submissos, passivos, dependentes, massa informe - como se vê - mais condizente com os deuses indistintos inseridos no ventre de Crono, de modo que, ao se tratar da liderança de Zeus e da razão por que os deuses se comprometem com ele, salta à vista a impropriedade de chamá-lo feudal. / This study, including the translation of Greek texts to Portuguese, honors the Homeric Hymns. An overview of the poems is presented at first; they are understood as the continuity of the Hesiodic Theogony; the unities and themes are analyzed; the teophanies are investigated; opening and closure formulas are raised; and some other structural issues of the hinic species are considered. The basis of Zeus power, stated in the six pieces of work for a new view of the world, are discussed later. Such actions, narrated in the Theogony and Hesiod Works, are echoed in Hermes chants and in other references throughout the hymns. Then, after the identification and traits exam of Zeus personality, his leadership starts to be focused. It is observed that, despite being essentially delegating, Zeus uses other leadership styles when required, to influence his followers as to their mission in the universe. Finally, this study highlights the reasons why the gods obey Zeus and why he obtains their involvement and compromise, showing that the reason of their behavior is not due exactly to his position but to his manners, firm purposes and principles such as liberty, equality, confidence, respect and acknowledgement, values shared by the gods. This guarantees the direction of the whole energy for the mission of order and justice in the world, essential condition for human existence and life in general. Guided by values prioritizing the critical thought, the only way to make his followers subjects of their acts, the Olympic organization, created by Zeus, is distant from the feudal organization, with its submissive servants, passive, dependent, shapeless mass – as it is seen - much more in accordance with the indistinct gods inserted in Krono belly, so that, when dealing with Zeus leadership and the reason why the gods where compromised with him, it is very clear the it is not appropriated to call him feudal.

The essay compares Madeline Miller's books The Song of Achilles and Circe to their antique originals: the Iliad and the Odyssey. The main focus is the relationship the characters in Miller's books hold to their homeric counterparts and the evolution of the heroic and masculinity ideals they represent. The ideals they carry are examined through western history and compared to Miller's contemporary autorship to observe what adaptations are being performed. The paper considers the texts through Genettes terms of transtextual relationships, including hypotextual, hypertextual relationships and transpositioning to examine the changes in both character and theme. The results show that some aspects of the heroes and theme remain intact through Millers books, while particularly the masculine and heroic aspects differ and that they do so intentionally through the media of historical fiction.

Les préverbes a)na- et kata- sont souvent considérés comme un couple complémentaire, parce qu’avec des verbes de déplacement a)na- marque un mouvement vers le haut et kata- un mouvement vers le bas. Ces deux préverbes ont pourtant eu des emplois très variés qui dépassent largement l’emploi spatial.L’étude des composés présents dans les oeuvres d’Homère, Hésiode et Hérodote permet d’identifier les connotations essentielles associées à ces préverbes dès les premiers textes. A défaut de pouvoir identifier une Urbedeutung, il est possible de comprendre comment le sens de ces préverbes a évolué d’un sens concret vers des emplois plus abstraits. L’étude successive de ces deux composés, en établissant des catégories de significations parmi les verbes, nous per-met découvrir un certain nombre de sèmes qui semblent constitutifs de chacun des deux préverbes. Cela nous montre que le préverbe a)na- est surtout associé à des verbes de mouvement, alors que le préverbe kata- est davantage lié à des verbes statifs ou qui évoquent un processus de destruction.La question de la valeur aspectuelle de ces préverbes est aussi un élément fondamental. L’étude de ces deux préverbes permet de comprendre comment ils ont pu tous les deux acquérir une valeur aspectuelle pour souligner notamment l’accomplissement du procès. Cependant, on constate qu’ils ne correspondent pas au même accomplissement, puisqu’a)na- dénote un accomplissement créatif, tandis que kata- souligne le plus souvent l’accomplissement d’un processus de disparition. / The preverbs a)na- et kata- are usually considered as a couple, because for motion verbs a)na- bears an up motion and kata- a down motion. These two preverbs have nevertheless been employed variously and more widely than for merely spatial indications.Studying the compound verbs of the works of Homer, Hesiod and Herodotus allows us to identify the essential conno-tations linked to these preverbs since early literature. Even if we cannot find the Urbedeutung, it’s possible to unders-tand how the meaning of these preverbs has progressed from a concret meaning to an abstract. The ordered investiga-tion of these compound verbs, by distinguishing the different categories of meaning, help us discover some semantic classes which seem to be essential for each preverb. Thus we see that the preverb a)na- is mostly linked to motion verbs, whereas the preverb kata- is more combined with stative verbs or verbs which discribe a disappearance.The question of aspect for the preverbs is also fundamental. The study of these two preverbs allows us to understand how they could, both of them, own an aspectual value to emphazise the process accomplishment. But we can see that it’s not the same accomplishment, since a)na- indicates a creative accomplishment, while kata- most often highlights the accomplishment of a dying process.

No description available.

This thesis is a study of embedded song in ancient Greek narrative poetry. The introduction defines the terminology (embedded song is defined as the depiction of the performance of a poem within a larger poem, such as the songs of Demodocus in Homer’s Odyssey) and sets the study in the context of recent narratological work done by scholars of Classical literature. This section of the thesis also contains a brief discussion of embedded song in the Homeric epics, which will form the background of all later examples of the motif. Chapter 1 deals with embedded song in the Homeric Hymns and Hesiod’s Theogony. It is argued that the occurrence of embedded song across these poems indicates that the motif is a traditional feature of early Greek hexameter poetry, while the possibility of “inter-textual” allusion between these poems is considered, but finally dismissed. Chapter 2 focuses on Pindar, Bacchylides and Corinna, and explores how lyric poets use this motif in the various sub-genres of Greek lyric. In epinician poetry, it is argued that embedded song is used as a strategy of praise and also to boost the authority of the poet-narrator by association with the embedded performers, who can be seen to have in each case a particular source of authority distinct from that of the poet narrator. Chapter 3 considers the Hellenistic poets Apollonius Rhodius and Theocritus, and how their interest in depicting oral poetry meshes with their identity as literate and literary poets. Appendix I gives a list of all the examples of embedded song I have found in Greek poetry. Appendix II gives an account of Pindar’s Hymn to Zeus, a highly fragmentary poem which almost certainly contained an embedded song, analysing this as an example of the difficulties thrown up by lyric fragments for a study of embedded narratives.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar as criaturas amiúde consideradas monstruosas bem como os termos geralmente traduzidos por monstro presentes em três poemas da tradição de poesia hexamétrica arcaica, a saber, a Teogonia de Hesíodo, o Hino Homérico a Apolo e a Odisseia de Homero. A análise dessas criaturas tem como foco o modo como são descritas e o papel que desempenham nas narrativas contidas nesses poemas, para a qual são utilizadas como abordagem teórico-metodológica a referencialidade tradicional proposta e desenvolvida por John Miles Foley ao longo da década de 1990 bem como a perspectiva de que os poemas que constituem a tradição hexamétrica arcaica compõem uma história do cosmo, conforme desenvolvida por Barbara Graziosi e Johannes Haubold na década de 2000. Como resultado da análise das criaturas, de um lado, e dos termos traduzidos por monstro, de outro, questiona-se a pertinência da categoria monstro como geralmente pressuposta para essas criaturas no mundo moderno, tendo-se em vista que ela possa não existir na poesia hexamétrica arcaica, já que fazem parte de um sistema de pensamento em um mundo ainda não desencantado em termos weberianos, no qual a realidade empírica e a esfera divina enquanto representativa do sobrenatural estão profundamente imbricadas. Como instrumental teórico-metodológico para o questionamento acerca da existência ou não do monstro enquanto categoria em tal tradição poética, lançou-se mão das teorias de categorização de Wittgenstein, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, daquelas desenvolvidas por Eleanor Rosch e sua equipe durante a década de 1970, bem como as presentes nas obras de George Lakoff a partir da década de 1980. A proposição de que a categoria monstro como pressuposta e entendida no mundo moderno é inexistente para a poesia hexamétrica arcaica tem implicações na compreensão moderna dessas criaturas, que devem ser percebidas enquanto integrantes de um cosmo que não separa o sobrenatural, o maravilhoso e o divino nos mesmos termos que o faz a sociedade moderna ocidental, revelando a necessidade de compreender essas criaturas sob o ponto de vista da tradição que as criou ou as incorporou e ressignificou. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.

O objetivo desta tese é analisar as criaturas amiúde consideradas monstruosas bem como os termos geralmente traduzidos por monstro presentes em três poemas da tradição de poesia hexamétrica arcaica, a saber, a Teogonia de Hesíodo, o Hino Homérico a Apolo e a Odisseia de Homero. A análise dessas criaturas tem como foco o modo como são descritas e o papel que desempenham nas narrativas contidas nesses poemas, para a qual são utilizadas como abordagem teórico-metodológica a referencialidade tradicional proposta e desenvolvida por John Miles Foley ao longo da década de 1990 bem como a perspectiva de que os poemas que constituem a tradição hexamétrica arcaica compõem uma história do cosmo, conforme desenvolvida por Barbara Graziosi e Johannes Haubold na década de 2000. Como resultado da análise das criaturas, de um lado, e dos termos traduzidos por monstro, de outro, questiona-se a pertinência da categoria monstro como geralmente pressuposta para essas criaturas no mundo moderno, tendo-se em vista que ela possa não existir na poesia hexamétrica arcaica, já que fazem parte de um sistema de pensamento em um mundo ainda não desencantado em termos weberianos, no qual a realidade empírica e a esfera divina enquanto representativa do sobrenatural estão profundamente imbricadas. Como instrumental teórico-metodológico para o questionamento acerca da existência ou não do monstro enquanto categoria em tal tradição poética, lançou-se mão das teorias de categorização de Wittgenstein, desenvolvida nas décadas de 1940 e 1950, daquelas desenvolvidas por Eleanor Rosch e sua equipe durante a década de 1970, bem como as presentes nas obras de George Lakoff a partir da década de 1980. A proposição de que a categoria monstro como pressuposta e entendida no mundo moderno é inexistente para a poesia hexamétrica arcaica tem implicações na compreensão moderna dessas criaturas, que devem ser percebidas enquanto integrantes de um cosmo que não separa o sobrenatural, o maravilhoso e o divino nos mesmos termos que o faz a sociedade moderna ocidental, revelando a necessidade de compreender essas criaturas sob o ponto de vista da tradição que as criou ou as incorporou e ressignificou. / The aim of this thesis is to analyse the creatures often considered monstrous as well as the words generally translated as monster in three poems belonging to the tradition of archaic hexametric poetry, namely, Hesiod\'s Theogony, the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, and Homer\'s Odyssey. The analysis of the creatures focuses on the ways they are described and the role they play in the narratives presented in those poems. The theoretical and methodological approach used to such analysis is the traditional referenciality proposed and developed by John Miles Foley in the 1990\'s in addition to the perspective that such poems that inform the archaic hexametric tradition constitute a history of the cosmos, as developed by Barbara Graziosi and Johannes Haubold during the 2000\'s. The analysis of the creatures, in one hand, and of the words translated by monster, in the other, results in questioning the validity of the monster category as usually taken for granted in the modern world, considering that it might not exist in archaic hexametric poetry, since those creatures are part of a system of thought in a world not yet disenchanted in Weberian terms, in which the empirical reality and the divine sphere as representative of the supernatural are deeply entangled. As theoretical and methodological framework for questioning the existence of monster as a category in such poetical tradition, this thesis adopted the theories of categorization formulated by Wittgenstein during the 1940\'s and 1950\'s, as well as the theories developed by Eleanor Rosch and her team during the 1970\'s, along with the ones presented by George Lakoff from 1980\'s onward. The proposition that the category of monster as pressuposed and understood by the modern world is non-existent in archaic hexametric poetry has consequences to the modern understanding of those creatures which must be perceived as part of a cosmos that does not separate the supernatural, the wonderful, and the divine in the same terms as the modern western world does, revealing the need to understand those creatures under the point of view of the tradition that created them or incorporated and ressignified them.