Soft materials and compliant structures often undergo significant deformation without failure, a unique feature making them distinct from classical rigid materials. These substantial deformations provide a means for faster or more energy efficient deformations, which can be achieved by taking advantage of elastic instabilities. We intend to utilize structural instabilities to generate advanced functionality within soft materials. In particular, we use the buckling of thin, flexible plates to control or enhance the flow of fluid in a micro channel. The buckling deformation is created or altered via two different stimuli, first a mechanical strain and then an electrical signal. We investigate the behavior of each system under different conditions experimentally, numerically, or theoretically. We also show that the coupled interaction between fluid and the soft film plays a critical role in the shape of deformation and consequently in the functionality of the mechanism. We first embed a buckled thin film in a fluid channel within a soft device. By applying a mechanical strain to the device, we show both experimentally and numerically that the height of the buckled film changes accordingly as does the flow rate. We then offer an analytical solution by extending the classical lubrication theory to higher-order terms as a means to more accurately describe the flow in a channel with a buckled thin film, and in general, the flow in channels with any constrictions provided the Reynolds number is low. Next, we use an electrical signal to make a confined dielectric film undergo out-of-plane buckling deformation. The thin film is sandwiched between two flexible electrodes and the mechanism is implemented in a microfluidic device to pump the fluid into a micro channel. We show that the critical buckling voltage at which the thin film buckles out of the plane is mainly a function of voltage while the shape of deformation and so the functionality of this mechanism depend considerably on the applied boundary conditions. Finally, we enhance the fluid-soft structure response of the actuating mechanism by substituting flexible electrodes with fluid electrodes, resulting in a significant increase in the actuation frequency as well as a reduction in the critical buckling voltage. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Raniere Barreto (raniere.barros@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-10T17:24:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) altamiro_junio_mendes_silva.pdf: 4294935 bytes, checksum: fa3eca4f34d0f388a736e8026703da56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-05-14T14:40:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) altamiro_junio_mendes_silva.pdf: 4294935 bytes, checksum: fa3eca4f34d0f388a736e8026703da56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-14T14:40:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) altamiro_junio_mendes_silva.pdf: 4294935 bytes, checksum: fa3eca4f34d0f388a736e8026703da56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / O presente trabalho apresenta a aplica??o do M?todo das Diferen?as Finitas Energ?ticas para an?lise do comportamento de placas delgadas. Este ? semelhante ao m?todo cl?ssico das diferen?as finitas, por?m as derivadas envolvidas nas equa??es diferenciais s?o de menor ordem. A an?lise e projeto de placas, cascas e chapas constituem uma importante ?rea na engenharia estrutural, por possuir uma participa??o significativa na composi??o do custo da estrutura e nos requisitos relacionados a sua seguran?a. Neste contexto, o estudo de placas ? um tema relevante na an?lise estrutural, pois permite uma interpreta??o cada vez mais pr?xima da realidade dos fen?menos f?sicos. A resolu??o anal?tica deste tipo de estrutura pode ser uma tarefa complexa, at? mesmo imposs?vel, pois depende de v?rios fatores, sendo necess?rio recorrer ? utiliza??o de m?todos num?ricos que sejam capazes de fornecer resultados aproximados e com precis?o satisfat?ria. Neste sentido, foi implementada uma rotina por meio do software M?XIMA, de modo a automatizar os procedimentos da formula??o desenvolvida para an?lise de placas delgadas. Para validar a metodologia aplicada, os resultados foram comparados com outros obtidos por solu??es anal?ticas, na literatura e pela an?lise realizada por outros programas. / Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Tecnologia, Sa?de e Sociedade, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / This paper presents the application of energy finite difference method for determining the major efforts on thin plates. This is similar to the classic finite differences method, but the derivatives involved in the differential equations are of a lesser order. The analysis and design of plates and shells are an important area within the structural engineering, because it has a significant participation in the cost of the composition of the structure and requirements related to their safety. In this context, the study of plates is a relevant issue in the structural analysis, because allows an interpretation ever closer to the reality of physical phenomena. The analytical resolution of this type of structure can be a complex task, even impossible, it depends on various factors, being necessary to resort to the use of numerical methods that are able to provide approximate results and satisfactory precision. In this sense, it was implemented a routine through MAXIMA, in order to automate procedures to be carried out during the analysis of thin plates. The results were compared with other obtained by analytical solutions, in the literature, and the analysis by other programs, to validate the methodology applied.

Turbulence d’ondes dans les plaques minces en vibration : étude expérimentale et numérique de l’effet de l’amortissement La théorie de turbulence d'ondes a pour but de décrire le comportement à long terme de systèmes faiblement non linéaires hors équilibre. Pour les plaques minces en vibration, ce formalisme permet de prédire un spectre de Kolmogorov-Zakharov (KZ) avec un flux d'énergie transféré des échelles d'injection à celles de dissipation le long d’une fenêtre de transparence. Les études expérimentales antérieures à cette thèse ont mis en lumière des différences notables entre les spectres mesurés et les specres théoriques. La présence, dans un solide, de l’amortissement à toutes les échelles, est ici étudié afin d’expliquer ce désaccord. En contrôlant expérimentalement l’amortissement, il a été montré que la dissipation déterminait la forme des spectres. Par la caractérisation de l’amortissement, il a été trouvé que ce dernier peut être décrit en fonction de la fréquence par une loi de puissance. La dissipation expérimentale a alors pu être introduite directement dans une simulation numérique des équations de Föppl-von Kàrmàn. Cette démarche conduit à passer de la solution théorique KZ obtenue en l’absence de dissipation à des spectres très proches des spectres expérimentaux. Ces observations ne remettent pas en cause l’emploi de la turbulence d’ondes pour décrire la vibration d’une plaque mince sollicitée par un forçage d’une grande amplitude mais encouragent à étendre les outils théoriques à notre disposition en l’absence d’une fenêtre de transparence. En réalisant cette généralisation de façon phénoménologique, une nouvelle solution stationnaire, différente de KZ et valable pour toute loi d’amortissement, a pu être calculée numériquement. / Wave turbulence theory aims at describing the long time behavior of weakly non-linear, out-of-equilibrium systems. For thin vibrating plates, this framework allows predicting a Kolmogorov-Zakharov Spectrum (KZ) with an energy flux transfered from the injection to the dissipative scales along a transparency window. Previous experimental studies have pointed out some discrepancies between mesured and theoretical spectra. The fact that, in solid, damping acts at all scales, is here studied in order to explain this disagreement. By an experimental control of the dissipation, it is observed that dissipation determines the shape of spectra. Experimental measurement of the dissipation shows that damping can here be described, as a function of the frequency, by a power law. This behavior allows us to introduce directly damping in a numerical simulation of the Föppl-von Kàrmàn equations. It leads to pass from the theoretical solution KZ obtained without dissipation to spectra which are very closed to the experimental ones. These observations do not mean that wave turbulence theory should not be applied to thin plates excited by a strong forcing but encourage to extend our theoretical tools when there is no transparency window. By doing this in a phenomenological way, a new stationary solution, different from KZ and valid for any dissipation law, has been derived.

No description available.

The Reproducing Kernel Element Method is a numerical technique that combines finite element and meshless methods to construct shape functions of arbitrary order and continuity, yet retains the Kronecker-d property. Central to constructing these shape functions is the construction of global partition polynomials on an element. This dissertation shows that asymmetric interpolations may arise due to such things as changes in the local to global node numbering and that may adversely affect the interpolation capability of the method. This issue arises due to the use in previous formulations of incomplete polynomials that are subsequently non-affine invariant. This dissertation lays out the new framework for generating general, symmetric, truly minimal and complete affine invariant global partition polynomials for triangular and tetrahedral elements. It is shown that this new class of reproducing kernel element solves the asymmetry issue that affected previous developed elements. The interpolation capabilities of this new class of reproducing kernel elements is studied in problems of surface representations and in solving problems of bending of thin plates using a Galerkin approach. Optimal convergence rates were observed in the solution of Kirchhoff plate problems with rectangular domains. Furthermore, it is shown that the new proposed two-dimensional elements out perform the previous elements with the addition of only a few internal degrees of freedom.

Este trabalho aborda os conceitos básicos da teoria de segunda ordem das placas elásticas delgadas, utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos (introduzido através do Método dos Resíduos Ponderados, na variante de Galerkin). São deduzidas as matrizes de rigidez geométrica, de rigidez secante e de rigidez tangente, relativas ao problema em consideração. É proposta ainda uma conduta notavelmente simplificada, que facilita sobremaneira a construção da matriz de rigidez tangente. / This paper delas with the basic concepts of the secondf order theory of thin elastic plates, through the use of the Finite Element Method 9introcuced through the Weighted Residual Method, in Galerkin\'s approach). The matrices of geometric stiffness, secant stiffness, and tangent stiffness for the problem under consideration are deduced. It is also proposed an outstandingly simplified conduct, which will greatly easen the construction of the tangent stiffness matrix.

A interação dinâmica resultante do impacto de esferas de aço contra chapas de alumínio é estudada através da representação numérica de testes experimentais, os quais imitam freqüentes colisões de pequenos fragmentos contra a fuselagem de aeronaves. Importância é dada à modelagem do comportamento visco-plástico do material da chapa, o que conduz à proposição de uma modificação no método de caracterização dinâmica mecânica de material, realizado através de um equipamento denominado Barra de Hopkinson. Adicionalmente, a influência de possíveis erros na seleção de parâmetros de simulação, relacionados ao contato, amortecimento estrutural e principalmente ao material, é discutida através de análises numéricas de sensibilidade. Testes de impacto foram conduzidos de forma a se obter a velocidade balística das chapas. O deslocamento máximo permanente das chapas a baixas velocidades também foi medido. O método de caracterização dinâmica de material proposto é então avaliado pela comparação dos resultados de simulações numéricas frente aos dados experimentais obtidos nos testes de impacto. As predições de deslocamento máximo permanente, para testes sem perfuração da chapa, e de velocidade balística, para testes de perfuração total, indicaram uma boa concordância numérico-experimental, respeitadas as observações realizadas acerca dos parâmetros envolvidos. / Dynamic interaction present on impact of steel spheres against aluminum panels is studied through a numerical model of experimental tests, which reproduce common collisions of small debris against airplane fuselages. This thesis emphasizes the panel-material visco-plastic behaviour modeling, which leads to a modification of the material dynamic characterization method, based on a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. Influence of possible errors in some numerical simulations parameters, related to contact, structural damping and material behaviour is also discussed by sensitivity numerical analyses. Impact tests were conducted to obtain the ballistic velocity of the panels. Also, the final maximum plate deformation at low velocities was measured. The proposed dynamic characterization method is explored by comparing the numerical simulation and the impact tests. The predicted maximum impact point displacement, for no perforation cases, and the ballistic velocity, for total perforation tests, present a good numerical-experimental agreement, bearing in mind the observations about the various used parameters.

O tema desta pesquisa refere-se ao tratamento numérico de estruturas de pavimentos, dando ênfase à utilização do método dos elementos de contorno - MEC para o tratamento de elementos planos, enquanto os elementos lineares serão tratados através do método dos elementos finitos - MEF. Busca-se contribuir com uma série de trabalhos realizados nesta área, principalmente com a consideração do efeito da excentricidade do eixo neutro das barras em relação à superfície neutra da placa somando-o, portanto, ao fenômeno de flexão desta última. A técnica de acoplamento dos elementos estruturais utilizada foi a técnica das sub-regiões, que facilita a visualização do problema da combinação e viabiliza o uso da técnica de condensação estática na resolução do sistema de equações. / This research refers to the numeric analysis of structures, emphasizing the use of the boundary element method - BEM - in the discretization of the plates, while the linear elements wil be formulated through the finite element method - FEM. The aim is to contribute with a number of works related to this subject, specially in the consideration of the effect of the stiffeners eccentricity in relation to the plates neutral surface, in addition to its bending state. The tool adopted to fulfill the coupling among these kinds of structural elements is the well-known sub region or multi-domain technique, which works well with the static condensation technique for solving the sparse system of equation generated.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:53:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 waidemam_l_me_ilha.pdf: 2247815 bytes, checksum: aab885504632d6169da23c5ac9796141 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento dinâmico de estruturas laminares planas com carregamento perpendicular ao plano médio, em particular as placas delgadas, utilizando-se, para isso, a teoria clássica de flexão de placas e a discretização estrutural feita com os elementos finitos triangulares e retangulares trabalhando em conjunto e em separado. Na dedução das matrizes de rigidez e de massas dos elementos finitos em questão utiliza-se a formulação com parâmetros generalizados e com coordenadas homogêneas, cujas funções aproximadoras contêm nove e doze monômios, respectivamente, extraídos do polinômio algébrico cúbico em “x” e “y”. Para a consideração do amortecimento utiliza-se o Método de Rayleigh e para a integração numérica ao longo do tempo utiliza-se o Método de Newmark, via algoritmo previsor / corretor. Ao final deste são elaborados vários exemplos elucidativos visando uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos resultados obtidos. / In this work the dynamic behavior of plane laminate structures, with load applied perpendicularly to the middle plan, has been analyzed. The classic theory of bending plates and structural subdivision - done with triangular and rectangular finite elements working together as well as in separate – are used to study thin plates. The formulation employing generalized parameters and homogeneous coordinates, using approximating functions containing nine and twelve terms starting from the cubic algebraic polynomial in Cartesian coordinates x and y, is used to obtain the stiffness and mass matrices for the triangular and rectangular finite element, respectively. The Rayleigh Method is used to take into account the structural dumping while the Newmark Method is used to perform the numeric integration in the time, by means of predictor / corrector scheme. Additionally, several elucidating examples are elaborated in order to analyze the final results.

Orientador: Rogério de Oliveira Rodrigues / Banca: Wilson Sergio Venturini / Banca: Mônica Pinto Barbosa / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento dinâmico de estruturas laminares planas com carregamento perpendicular ao plano médio, em particular as placas delgadas, utilizando-se, para isso, a teoria clássica de flexão de placas e a discretização estrutural feita com os elementos finitos triangulares e retangulares trabalhando em conjunto e em separado. Na dedução das matrizes de rigidez e de massas dos elementos finitos em questão utiliza-se a formulação com parâmetros generalizados e com coordenadas homogêneas, cujas funções aproximadoras contêm nove e doze monômios, respectivamente, extraídos do polinômio algébrico cúbico em "x" e "y". Para a consideração do amortecimento utiliza-se o Método de Rayleigh e para a integração numérica ao longo do tempo utiliza-se o Método de Newmark, via algoritmo previsor / corretor. Ao final deste são elaborados vários exemplos elucidativos visando uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos resultados obtidos. / Abstract: In this work the dynamic behavior of plane laminate structures, with load applied perpendicularly to the middle plan, has been analyzed. The classic theory of bending plates and structural subdivision - done with triangular and rectangular finite elements working together as well as in separate - are used to study thin plates. The formulation employing generalized parameters and homogeneous coordinates, using approximating functions containing nine and twelve terms starting from the cubic algebraic polynomial in Cartesian coordinates "x" and "y", is used to obtain the stiffness and mass matrices for the triangular and rectangular finite element, respectively. The Rayleigh Method is used to take into account the structural dumping while the Newmark Method is used to perform the numeric integration in the time, by means of predictor / corrector scheme. Additionally, several elucidating examples are elaborated in order to analyze the final results. / Mestre