Försvarsmakten har angett att senast år 2023 ska Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem vara fullt ut FMN kompatibla. Detta arbete ska besvara vad som initialt behöver förändras i Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa ska uppnå FMN kompatibilitet. Nuvarande FMN spiralspecifikation innehåller i princip enbart stöd för de grundläggande människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna. Med hjälp av dessa ska funktions-kedjorna för SA, JISR och MEDEVAC genomföras. Försvarsmakten är tydlig med att interoperabilitet är viktigt för att kunna verka med andra, både inom och utanför närområdet. Det framgår dock inte lika tydligt vilka av Försvarsmaktens insatsledningssystem som berörs av FMN. Detta arbete har kommit fram till att SWECCIS troligen är det insatsledningsstödsystem som bäst motsvarar vad FMN försöker realisera idag och att SWECCIS i grunden är FMN kompatibel. SWECCIS tillhandahåller dock bara fyra av de sex människa-till-människa kommunikationstjänsterna, och Försvarsmaktens nuvarande lösning för att tillhandahålla ljudbaserad samarbetstjänst är inte FMN kompatibel. Framtida FMN spiralspecifikationer kommer att ställa ytterligare krav på Försvarsmaktens insatsledningsstödsystem för att dessa fortsatt ska vara FMN kompatibla. / The Swedish Armed Forces have declared that by the year 2023, the Swedish Armed Forces C2-systems are to be fully FMN compliant. This thesis is to answer what initially needs to change in the C4ISR to enable them to achieve FMN compatibility. The current FMN Spiral specification provides, in principle, only support for the essential human-to-human communication services. With this, the SA, JISR and MEDEVAC Mission Thread are to be conducted. The Swedish Armed Forces is clear about the importance of interoperability in order to act together with others, both within and outside its region. But it is less clear which of the Swedish Armed Forces C2-system that is affected by FMN. This thesis has come to the conclusion that SWECCIS probably is the C4ISR that best represents what FMN is trying to achieve today, and that SWECCIS basically is FMN compliant. SWECCIS provides, however, only four of the six human-to-human communications services, and the Swedish Armed Forces' current solution to provide audio-based collaboration services is not FMN compliant. The future FMN Spiral specifications will place more demands on the Swedish Armed Forces C4ISR for those to maintain their FMN compliant.

A flacidez e as rugas de expressão podem ser amenizadas com lifting facial ou implante no tecido subcutâneo da face de fios de poliuretano ou polipropileno. Sob determinadas condições microrganismos podem aderir sobre os fios e interagir com essas superfícies iniciando crescimento celular. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a aderência bacteriana aos fios de poliuretano e polipropileno por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura e métodos microbiológicos. Os fios foram seccionados em segmentos de 1,0 cm de comprimento e transferidos individualmente para tubos Falcon (50,0 mL) contendo caldo Mueller Hinton (15,0 mL), com 200 \'mü\'L da suspensão bacteriana (\'10 POT.8\' UFC/mL) preparada e, incubados por 1h e 30 minutos, 4, 24, 48, 72 e 120 horas. Após cada período de incubação, os corpos-de-prova foram lavados três vezes e introduzidos, separadamente, em 5,0 mL de solução salina esterilizada, sonicados a 40 kHZ por 8 minutos e homogeneizados em vortex por 10 segundos. Esta solução foi diluída (1/10 a 1/1000), da diluição 1/1000 uma alíquota de 0,1 mL foi plaqueada sobre Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA). As placas foram incubadas a 37 graus Celsius por 18 a 24 horas. Após o período de incubação, as células viáveis foram contadas e o resultado anotado em termos de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC/mL). Os corpos-de-prova destinados à observação por microscópio eletrônico de varredura foram fixados em glutaraldeído, desidratados em séries de álcool, secos em centrífuga a vácuo metalizados com ouro. A avaliação quantitativa do crescimento de S. aureus sobre a superfície do poliuretano, após 1 hora e 30 minutos de contato, foi 4,0 \'+ OU -\' 0,0 log UFC/mL, S. epidermidis 4,07 \'+ OU -\' 0,10 log UFC/mL e P. aeruginosa 5,08 \'+ OU -\' 0,1410 log UFC/mL. Após 4-120 horas o número de células viáveis de S. aureus sobre a superfície do poliuretano foi 5,49 \'+ OU -\' 0,04 log UFC/mL, S. epidermidis 4,99 \'+ OU -\' 0,07 log UFC/mL e P. aeruginosa 6,52 \'+ OU -\' 0,03 log UFC/mL. A avaliação quantitativa do crescimento de S. aureus sobre a superfície do polipropileno, após 1 hora e 30 minutos de contato, foi 4,24 \'+ OU -\' 0,0 log UFC/mL, S. epidermidis 4,14 \'+ OU -\' 0,14 log UFC/mL e P. aeruginosa 5,77 \'+ OU -\' 0,05 log UFC/mL. Após 4 - 120 horas o número de células viáveis de S. aureus sobre a superfície do polipropileno o número de células viáveis de S. aureus foi de 5,96 \'+ OU -\' 0,07 log UFC/mL, S. epidermidis 4,96 \'+ OU -\' 0,06 log UFC/mL e P. aeruginosa 6,63 \'+ OU -\' 0,05 log UFC/mL. O número de células viáveis de S. aureus, S. epidermidis e P. aeruginosa sobre as superfícies de poliuretano e polipropileno foram significantemente diferentes (p<0,05). O biofilme foi observado sobre ambos fios (poliuretano e polipropileno) como demonstrado por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. / Flabbiness and expression wrinkles can be helped by undergoing a face lifting or by implanting subcutaneous tissues of polyurethane or polypropylene threads. Under certain conditions microorganisms can attach themselves to the threads and interact with these surfaces initiating cellular growth. The goal of the present study was to evaluate bacterial attachment to polyurethane and polypropylene threads by means of scanning electron microscopy and microbiological method. The threads were sectioned into segments of 1.0 cm in length and inserted, one by one, into separated Falcon tubes (50 mL) containing Mueller Hinton broth (15 mL), with 200 \'mü\'L of the bacterial suspension (\'10 POT.8\' CFU/mL) prepared, and incubated for 1 hour and 30 minutes, at 4, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hour periods. After each incubation period, the coupons were rinsed three times and, inserted, one by one, into 5.0 mL of sterile physiological saline solution, sonicated at 40 kHz for 8 minutes and vortexed for 10 seconds. This solution was diluted three-fold (1/10 to 1/1000), from dilution the 1/1000 dilution an aliquot of 0.1 mL was plated onto Tryptic Soy agar (TSA). The plates were incubated at 37 Celsius degrees from 18 to 24 h. After the incubation periods, the viable bacteria were counted and the results noted in terms of colony forming units (CFU/mL). The coupons destined for scanning electron microscopy observations were fixed in glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in alcohol series, dried in vacuum centryfuge and metalized with gold. A quantitative evaluation was recorded of the growth of S. aureus on the surface of polyurethane, after 1h and 30 minutes of contact, the results shown 4.0 \'+ OU -\' 0.0 CFU/mL, S. epidermidis 4.07 \'+ OU -\' 0.1 CFU/mL and P. aeruginosa 5.08 \'+ OU -\' 0.14 CFU/mL. After 4 - 120 h the number of viable cells of S. aureus on polyurethane surfaces were 5.49 \'+ OU -\' 0.04 CFU/mL, S. epidermidis 4.99 \'+ OU -\' 0.07 CFU/mL and P. aeruginosa 6.52 \'+ OU -\' 0.03 CFU/mL. A quantitative evaluation was recorded of the growth of S. aureus on the surface of polypropylene after 1h and 30 minutes of contact, the results shown 4.24 \'+ OU -\' 0.20 CFU/mL, with S. epidermidis 4.14 \'+ OU -\' 0.1 CFU/mL and P. aeruginosa 5.77 \'+ OU -\' 0.05 CFU/mL. After 4 - 120 h the number of viable cells of S. aureus on polypropylene surfaces were 5.96 \'+ OU -\' 0.07 CFU/mL, S. epidermidis 4.96 \'+ OU -\' 0.07 CFU/mL and P. aeruginosa 6.63 \'+ OU -\' 0.05 CFU/mL. The number of viable cells of S. aureus, S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa on polyurethane and polypropylene surfaces were significantly different (p<0.05). A biofilm was observed on both threads (polyurethane and polypropylene) as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy.

No description available.

No description available.

ABSTRACT Many aspects of speculative multithreading have been under constant and crucial research in the recent times with the increased importance in exploiting parallelism in single thread applications. One of the important architectural optimizations that is very pertinent in this scenario is branch prediction. Branch Prediction assumes increased importance for multi-threading systems that execute threads speculatively, since wrong predictions can be much costlier here, in terms of threads, than a few instructions that occupy the pipeline in a uni-processor. Conventional branch prediction techniques have provided increasingly better prediction accuracies for uni-core processing. But the branch prediction itself takes on a whole new dimension when applied to multi-core architectures based on Speculative Multithreading. Dependence on global branch history has helped branch predictors to achieve high prediction accuracy in single thread applications. The discontinuity of global history created at the thread boundaries cripple the performance of branch predictors in a multi-threaded environment. Many studies in the past have tried to address the branch history problem to improve the prediction accuracy. Most of these have been found either to be architecture specific or complex in terms of the hardware needed to recreate or approximate the right history to be given to the threads when they start executing out of order. This hardware overhead increases as the number and size of threads increase thereby limiting the scalability of the algorithms proposed so far. The current thesis takes a different direction and proposes a simple and scalable solution to effectively reduce the misprediction rates in Speculative Multithreaded systems. This is accomplished by making use of a synergistic interaction between threads to boost the inherent biased nature of branches and using less complex hardware to reduce aliasing between branches in the threads. The study proposes a new scheme called the Global Broadcast Buffer scheme to effectively reduce branch mispredictions in Speculative Multithreaded architectures.

La réalité virtuelle est une technologie qui permet à un utilisateur d'interagir avec une scène générée par ordinateur. L'environnement virtuel dans lequel évolue le participant doit lui fournir des informations sensorielles pour qu'il puisse effectuer des tâches de façon naturelle. Plusieurs outils logiciels et matériels sont actuellement disponibles sur le marché pour tenir compte des différents aspects d'un environnement virtuel: visualisation immersive, simulation des lois de la physique, émissions sonores, etc. Cependant, aucune application n'a été développée pour intégrer ces différentes technologies dans un seul et même système. Ce projet présente une approche modulaire et flexible qui utilise les principes du multi-îhreading afin de synchroniser les données communes de position, d'orientation et de facteurs d'échelle entre plusieurs sous-systèmes intégrés dans un environnement virtuel multi-sensoriel et distribué. L'application finale comporte cinq soussystèmes qui gèrent tous un aspect de l'environnement virtuel : la synchronisation, la visualisation, la gestion des lois physiques, la distribution sur un réseau et l'intégration des sous-systèmes. Tout d'abord, un module de synchronisation forme le coeur du système en protégeant l'accès asynchrone aux données partagées entre les modules. Un processus de synchronisation en trois étapes permet alors de maintenir la cohérence entre les différents modules. Ensuite, un module de visualisation permet de produire un rendu graphique en trois dimensions de l'environnement virtuel en affichant les géométries et les textures des différents éléments virtuels composant la scène. De plus, un module haptique est utilisé pour appliquer les lois physiques sur les objets. Puis, afin de distribuer les modules sur plusieurs machines d'un réseau ou rendre l'application multi-utilisateurs, un module de distribution sera également ajouté au système final. Enfin, un module d'intégration permet d'interconnecter les modules entre eux en encapsulant les fonctionnalités du module de synchronisation. Ce dernier module permettra de gérer la transmission d'information entre les modules et d'ajouter des comportements de haut niveau au système final comme la navigation, la manipulation d'objets, des interfaces graphiques, etc.

This thesis investigates the effect of incorporating various information visualisation techniques and non-speech sounds (i.e. auditory icons and earcons) in email browsing. This empirical work consisted of three experimental phases. The first experimental phase aimed at finding out the most usable visualisation techniques for presenting email information. This experiment involved the development of two experimental email visualisation approaches which were called LinearVis and MatrixVis. These approaches visualised email messages based on a dateline together with various types of email information such as the time and the senders. The findings of this experiment were used as a basis for the development of a further email visualisation approach which was called LinearVis II. This novel approach presented email data based on multi-coordinated views. The usability of messages retrieval in this approach was investigated and compared to a typical email client in the second experimental phase. Users were required to retrieve email messages in the two experiments with the provided relevant information such as the subject, status and priority. The third experimental phase aimed at exploring the usability of retrieving email messages by using other type of email data, particularly email threads. This experiment investigated the synergic use of graphical representations with non-speech sounds (Multimodal Metaphors), graphical representations and textual display to present email threads and to communicate contextual information about email threads. The findings of this empirical study demonstrated that there is a high potential for using information visualisation techniques and non-speech sounds (i.e. auditory icons and earcons) to improve the usability of email message retrieval. Furthermore, the thesis concludes with a set of empirically derived guidelines for the use of information visualisation techniques and non-speech sound to improve email browsing. / Taibah University in Medina and the Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia.

No description available.

Thesis: B.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1981 / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Paul Stephen Ranyak. / B.S. / B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

Electronic design automation (EDA) tools play a central role in bridging the productivity gap for designing complex hardware systems. However, with an increase in the size and complexity of today's design requirements, current methodologies and EDA tools are unable to effectively mitigate the further widening of productivity gap. It is estimated that testing and verification takes 2/3rd of the total development time of complex hardware systems. Functional simulation forms the main stay of testing and verification process and is the most widely used technique for testing and verification. Most of the simulation algorithms and their implementations are designed for uniprocessor systems that cannot easily leverage the parallelism in multi-core and GPU platforms. For example, logic simulation often uses levelized sequential algorithms, whereas the discrete-event simulation frameworks for Verilog, VHDL and SystemC employ concurrency in the form of multi-threading to given an illusion of the inherent parallelism present in circuits. However, the discrete-event model of computation requires a global notion of an event-queue, which makes improving its simulation performance via parallelization even more challenging. This work investigates automatic parallelization of simulation algorithms used to simulate hardware models. In particular, we focus on parallelizing the simulation of hardware designs described at the RTL using SystemC/HDL with examples to clearly describe the parallelization. Even though multi-cores and GPUs other parallelism, efficiently exploiting this parallelism with their programming models is not straightforward. To overcome this, we also focus our research on building intelligent translators to map simulation applications onto multi-cores and GPUs such that the complexity of the low-level programming models is hidden from the designers. / Master of Science