Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68). Also available in print.

No description available.

王覺一是清末末候一著教的創始者，也是近代一貫道的開山祖師，藉著對其著作<<理數合解>>的研究，可以對清代民間宗教的信仰核心與教義思想略做了解，本研究的撰述方向如下： 第一章緒論說明研究的動機、目的、方法及預期目標。 第二章，王覺一生平其及其教案析探。想要了解一個人的思想，必須先對此人的人生經歷做一番認識。因此本研究將王覺一的生平考述列為本論首章。這一章係借助故宮<<月摺檔>>的資料，對於其教派的成立與發展做合理的推測，以及他如何成為一方之領導者。並且對於光緒九年王氏領導的教派所發生的教案始末，作一較詳細的釐析，並由此一分析中重新檢視王覺一的角色定位。 第三章，王覺一對「理」觀念的承襲與轉化。本章乃追溯王氏思想的啟蒙根源，探討他對於「理」觀念的承襲，並且解析他對「理」的詮釋與所賦予的意義，為下一章的主題作引子。 第四章理天析探本章乃承上一章的敘述觀念，探討王氏理論的核心主旨，撰述理天在他思想體系中的重要性，以及他如何傳承理學思想，轉化思想家思考範疇中「理」的觀念，並且由此而開展的宇宙論與心性論。身為民間宗教的傳道者，如何來看待這些問題，如何由此問題觀攝宇宙的整體與主宰，本章擬由此探討王覺一的理天思維。 第五章，理天在宗教上的意義。如何呈現理天在修道上的意義，才是王覺一思想的關鍵所在。他如何在整體思想中展現人生的終極目的，強調宗教修煉的意義，亦即討論宗教人修道的最後目標與正鵠，尋探回歸人的根源處，本章擬就扣緊宗教意義以探討理天主體的核心。 第六章結論將本論文所作的研究結果，作一綜合性的討論，並敘述王覺一思想對一貫道教義的影響，以及以王覺一做為主題所開演的研究展望，總結王覺一在民間宗教史的價值與意義。

本文嘗試重建荀子哲學的人觀，並以此為核心，反思荀子哲學的歷史定位、其道德規範之依歸、道德哲學之性質、道德理想在修養與教化上扮演的功能，以及反思荀子哲學中人與世界的關係。首先指出歷來對荀子人觀的詮釋局限於性惡論，如此的詮釋在文獻依據與理論需求上均有待補充。隨後嘗試說明其道德哲學除了追求正理平治的社會生活之外，更可能還包括人格之提昇；而此分別以「善」之兩重意義為代表。在道德修養中，「聖」所扮演的角色也有兩重；一方面是作為修養方向的最高理想，另一方面是以具體的歷史人物作為典範。最後，在天人關係上，本文提出人能夠認識的世界，是「天」在人之經驗中呈現的現象，人據以認識世界、利用資源所需的自然法則，也是累積長久的觀察之後以某種建構方式得到的。

The mountain-systems of Central Asia, act as barriers to atmospheric circulation patterns, which in turn impose striking climate gradients across the region. Glaciers are sensitive indicators of climate change and respond to changes in climate gradients over time by advancing during cold and wet periods and receding during warm and dry periods. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether there are large-scale patterns in how past glaciers in the Tian Shan and the Altai Mountains of Central Asia responded to climate change. Multiple methods have been used, including: remote sensing, terrain analysis, field investigations, and cosmogenic nuclide (CN) dating. The glacial landform records indicate that the region experienced mainly alpine-style glaciations in the past. Large complexes of ice-marginal moraines in high elevation basins are evidence of outlet glaciers sourced from large valley glaciers, ice caps and ice-fields, and these moraine sequences, record the maximum extent of paleoglaciation. In the Ikh-Turgen Mountains, located in the continental, eastern Altai Mountains, deglaciation of these moraines occurred during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 3 at ~45 ka. This is consistent with a colder and wetter climate during this time, inferred from ice core and lake level proxies. Another deglacial phase occurred during MIS 2 at ~23 ka, synchronous with the global Last Glacial Maximum. In the Russian Altai Mountains, lobate moraines in the Chuya Basin indicate deglaciation at ~19 ka, by a highly dynamic paleoglacier in the Chagan-Uzun catchment, which experienced surge-like behaviour. Furthermore, across the Tian Shan, an evaluation of new and existing CN glacial chronologies (25 dated moraines) indicates that only one regional glacial stage, between 15 and 28 ka (MIS 2), can be defined and spatially correlated across the region. These paleoglaciers were mainly restricted to valleys as a result of arid conditions during this time and variation in their extents is interpreted to reflect topographic modulation on regional climate. The ages of the oldest evidence for robust local glacial stages in the Tian Shan are not yet well constrained, however, moraines in the central Kyrgyz Tian Shan and the eastern Chinese Tian Shan have apparent minimum ages overlapping with MIS 5 and MIS 3 (with missing MIS 4 and 6 stages). However, different geological processes, such as inheritance and post-depositional shielding (e.g. deposition by surging glaciers or hummocky terrain deposition), have influenced the dating resolution, making several moraine ages inappropriate for regional comparison. Finally, to quantify regional patterns of paleoglaciation, the hypsometry (area-elevation distribution) of glacial landforms is used to estimate average paleo equilibrium line altitudes for the region. This analysis shows that while present-day ELAs mirror strong climate gradients, paleoglaciation patterns were characterised by more gentle ELA gradients. The paleo-ELA depressions across Central Asia were most prominent in the continental southern and eastern regions (500–700 m). Finally, the results from this thesis, show that Central Asia was repeatedly glaciated in the past, but underscore the importance of considering 1) catchment characteristics and styles of glaciation and 2) other non-climatic factors controlling glacier dynamics when interpreting CN chronologies to make paleoclimate inference. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Accepted. Paper 5: Manuscript.</p> / Central Asia Paleoglaciology Project (CAPP)

Glacial runoff from the Tian Shan and Altai Mountains is an important water resource, especially for people living in the arid areas of Central Asia. Measured water volumes from glaciers have decreased, and glacier area have shrunk with 50-90% since the Little Ice Age. Lack of knowledge regarding glaciers in high mountain areas, and the impact from climate change makes this an important field to investigate. This thesis focuses on topographic features and their impact on spatial glaciation patterns; today and during the global last glacial maximum, 19-30 thousand years ago (ka). From selected marginal moraines in the Tian Shan and Altai mountains, with a deglaciation age between 19-30 ka, an analysis was created in ArcMap (GIS, Geographic Information System) with 1 arc second resolution ASTER GDEM2 (Digital Elevation Model) and in Google Earth. An elevation profile, hypsometry and mapping were created for the analysis. The interpretations made from the limited dataset resulted in topographic features affecting the glaciation extension today and percentage of decreasing glacier area since 19-30 ka, to be connected to north/south-facing direction of the drainage area and the elevation. Drainage areas experiencing the highest percentage of glacial shrinkage were southfacing and/or at elevation below 3961 m a.s.l. / Central Asia Paleoglaciology Project

L'existence de métrique canonique sur une variété projective était une conjecture de longue date et la majeure partie de cette conjecture est sur les variétés qui n'ont pas défini de première classe de Chern. Il existe un programme qui est connu comme le programme de Song-Tian, pour trouver une métrique canonique sur les modèles canoniques d'une variété projective avec la Programme de modèle Minimal analytique pour résoudre la partie restante de Calabi conjecture. Dans cette thèse, nous étendons le programme Song-Tian et donner une version logarithmiques de celui-ci. Nous étudions le flux de Kähler-Ricci conique qui peut être considéré comme la chirurgie analytique. Nous introduisons la notion de Weil-Petersson métrique logartithmique. Nous donnons une preuve courte de la formule de Gang Tian pour le potentiel Kähler de métrique Weil-Petersson logarithmique sur l'espace de modules des variétés de Log Calabi-Yau (si elle existe!) sur singularités coniques et Poincaré. / Existence of canonical metric on a projective variety was a long standing conjecture and the major part of this conjecture is about varieties which do not have definite first Chern class(most of the manifolds do not have definite first Chern class). Thereis a program which is known as SongTian program for finding canonical metric on canonical model of a projective variety by using Minimal Model Program. The main aim of this thesis is better undrestanding of SongTian program on pair (X;D). In this thesis, we apply SongTian program for pair (X;D) via Log Minimal Model Program where D is a simple normal crossing divisor on X with conic singularities. We investigate conical Kähler Ricci flow on holomorphic fiber spaces (X;D) -→B whose generic fibers are log Calabi Yau pairs (Xs;Ds), c1(KB) < 0, and D is a simple normal crossing divisor on X (we consider the cases c1(KB) = 0, and c1(KB) > 0 also). We show that there is a unique conical Kähler Einstein metric on (X;D) which is twisted by logarithmic Weil Petersson metric and an additional term which we will find it explicitly. We consider the semipositivity of fiberwise singular Kahler Einstein metric via SongTian program. We consider a twisted Kähler Einstein metric along Mori fibre space. Moreover, we give an analogue version of SongTian program for Sasakian manifolds. We give an arithmetic version of SongTian program for arithmetic varieties. Also we give a short proof of Tian’s formula for Kähler potential of logarithmic WeilPetersson metric on moduli space of log CalabiYau varieties (if such moduli space exists!).

The amalgamation of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in the southwestern Tian Shan in Tajikistan is represented by tectono-magmatic-metamorphic processes that accompanied late Paleozoic ocean closure and collision between the Karakum-Tarim and Kazakh-Kyrgyz terranes. Integrated U-Pb geochronology, thermobarometry, pseudosection modeling, and Hf geochemistry constrain the timing and petro-tectonic nature of these processes. The Gissar batholith and the Garm massif represent an eastward, along-strike increase in paleodepth from upper-batholith (similar to 21-7km) to arc-root (similar to 36-19km) levels of the Andean-syn-collisional Gissar arc, which developed from similar to 323-288Ma in two stages: (i) Andean, I-type granitoid magmatism from similar to 323-306Ma due to northward subduction of the Gissar back-arc ocean basin under the Gissar microcontinent, which was immediately followed by (ii) syn-collisional, I-S-type granitoid magmatism in the Gissar batholith and the Garm massif from similar to 304-288Ma due to northward subduction/underthrusting of Karakum marginal-continental crust under the Gissar microcontinent. A rapid isotopic pull-up from similar to 288-286Ma signals the onset of juvenile, alkaline-syenitic, post-collisional magmatism by similar to 280Ma, which was driven by delamination of the Gissar arclogite root and consequent convective asthenospheric upwelling. Whereas M-HT/LP prograde metamorphism in the Garm massif (650-750 degrees C/6-7kbar) from similar to 310-288Ma was associated with subduction-magma inundation and crustal thickening, HT/LP heating and decompression to peak-metamorphic temperatures (similar to 800-820 degrees C/6-4kbar) at similar to 2886Ma was driven by the transmission of a post-collisional, mantle-derived heat wave through the Garm-massif crust.

Deux questions scientifiques critiques sont adressées dans cette thèse présentées comme suit. ( 1 ) L’évolution mésozoïque du bassin d’avant-pays dans les piémonts nord et sud du Tian Shan. ( 2 ) L’évolution au Cénozoïque précoce du soulèvement du Tian Shan. Dans le chapitre 1, l'évolution du nord Tian Shan est étudiée par datation U/Pb (LA- ICP-MS) de zircons détritiques sur 14 échantillons de grès d'une série continue d’âge fin Paléozoïque à Quaternaire dans la marge sud du bassin de Junggar (région de Manasi). Dans le chapitre 2, l'évolution encore mal contrainte entre le Mésozoïque et le début du Cénozoïque de la marge sud-ouest du Tian Shan est étudiée en utilisant les datations U/Pb ( LA- ICP-MS ) sur zircons détritiques et les traces de fission sur apatites détritiques. Dans le chapitre 3, nous présentons une étude magnétostratigraphique détaillée de la zone Ulugqat au sud-ouest du Tian Shan, dans le but d'améliorer la compréhension de son soulèvement et de l'histoire de la déformation de la région au cours du Cénozoïque. Ce travail à permis de montrer que l'érosion du paléo-Tian Shan commencée au Trias moyen s’est traduite par le pénéplanation générale au Mésozoïque du Tian Shan qui était dominé par un système de drainage large pendant une longue période de quiescence tectonique. Le piémont nord du Tian Shan était caractérisé par un bassin en subsidence thermique post- extensive avec peu d'activité tectonique, et le piémont sud a également connu un aplanissement général de la topographie. Au cours du début du Jurassique, du Crétacé inférieur et du Crétacé supérieur, trois inversions tectoniques mineures sont identifiées avec des ajustements du bassin d’avant-pays du Tian Shan. Ces inversions peuvent correspondre respectivement à l’accrétion des terrains Cimmérien, de Lhassa, et du Kohistan-Dras à la limite sud de la plaque eurasienne. Les données U-Pb sur zircons détritiques et les données traces de fission sur apatite indiquent une première réorganisation du bassin à la fin du Crétacé – début du tertiaire, contemporaine d’une réactivation de l’érosion le long du piémont sud du Tian Shan. Nous avons interprété cette réactivation fin Crétacé – début Paléogène du Tian Shan sud à la réponse initiale des effets lointains de la collision Inde-Eurasie. Pendant le reste du Cénozoïque, la principale réactivation du Tian Shan est initiée fin Oligocène – début Miocène. Cela est attesté dans le piémont nord du Tian Shan par nos données U-Pb sur zircons détritiques et dans le piémont sud du Tian Shan par les données traces de fission sur apatite suggérant des chevauchements entre 18 et 16 Ma, par les résultats magnétostratigraphiques révélant une importante lacune de sédimentation oligocène ainsi que l’augmentation des taux d’accumulation à ~ 18.5 Ma. / Two critical scientific issues are adressed in the présent thesis as follows. (1) Mesozoic basin-range relationship in the northern and southern piedmonts of the Tian Shan. (2) Spatio-temporal differences in the Early Cenozoic uplift of the Tian Shan. In chapter 1, the évolution of the northern Tian Shan is investigated through U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons from 14 sandstone samples from a continuous series ranging in age from latest Palaeozoic to Quaternary in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin (Manasi area). In chapter 2, the still poorly constrained Mezosoic to early Cenozoic evolution of the southwestern Tian Shan piedmont is investigated using U/Pb (LA-ICP-MS) dating of detrital zircons and fission track analysis on detrital apatites. In chapter 3, we present a detailed magnetostratigraphic study from the Ulugqat area in piedmont of the Southwest Tian Shan, in order to improve understanding of the uplift and deformation history of the Southwest Tian Shan during the Cenozoic. This work enabled to show that erosion of the Paleo-Tian Shan initiated in the Middle Triassic results in the general peneplanation of the Mesozoic Tian Shan dominated by a wide drainage system and long-lasting tectonic quiescence. The northern piedmont of the Tian Shan was characterized by a post-extensional thermally subsiding basin without much tectonic activity, and the southern piedmont also experienced a general flattening of topography. During the Early Jurassic, Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous, three identified minor tectonic inversions and adjustments of basin-range pattern in the Tian Shan, may potentially correspond respectively to the accretions of Cimmerian, Lhasa, and Kohistan-Dras in the southern margin of the Eurasian plate. Detrital zircon U-Pb and apatite fission-track data indicate an initial late Cretaceous – Early Tertiary basin reorganization and coeval renewed erosion along the southern Tian Shan piedmont. We interpreted this late Cretacesou to Paleogene activity in STS as the initial response of the distant effects of India-Eurasia collision as previously argued. During the Late Cenozoic, the major reactivation of the Tian Shan initiated around the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene times. This is evidenced mainly from the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology in the northern piedmont of the Tian Shan, the apatite fission-track data suggesting a possible activation of the Talas Fergana Fault between 18 and 16 Ma, the major Oligocene depositional hiatus and conspicuous increase in accumulation rates at ~ 18.5 Ma revealed by the magnetostratigraphic results in the southern piedmont of the Tian Shan.